Ten cases of unstable spine were treated with various surgical procedures under control of Halo apparatus and following results wen obtained. 1. Six cases of unstable cervical spine were treated with Halo apparatus and were able to obtain solid fusion for permanent stability. 2. Three cases of tuberculous kyphosis were corrected with halo-pelvic hoop on, and were able to obtain mean correction angle of 42 (65%) with little danger. 3. With halo on, staged operations such as anterior and posterior osteotomy, gradual distraction, anterior and posterior fusion of the spine for correcting deformity were carried out securely. 4. Average duration of halo application was eight weeks, no more twelve weeks, and there was no irreversible complication with halo apparatus per se.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Kyphosis ; Osteotomy ; Spine

The authors have reviewed 71 cases (70 patients) of the ankle fractures that were treated through the admission in Orthopedic Department, Paik Foundation Hospital, from June 1972 to April 1978. The average duration of the follow-up waa 15 months. The summary of the results were as follows; 1. Of the 71 cases, male was 54 cases and female 17 cases. The average age of the patients was 32. 2. The main cause of the injuries was traffic accident, and the other causes were sliding down and falling from a height, industrial accident, and sports injury in order. 3. By the classification of Lauge-Hansen, the pronation-external rotation and,supination-adduction types were commoner than the other types. 4. Open reduction was performed in 48 cases, and closed reduction in 23 cases. 5. The average duration of the cast immobilization after the closed reduction was 8 weeks, and that of the open reduction was 6 weeks. 6. The result of the treatment was better in those cases of the open reduction than that of, the closed reduction. 7. The good clinical results could be achieved by obtaining the anatomical position of the talus in the mortise and the reduction was achieved more satisfactorily when the key role of the lateral malleolus in complete reduction was well understood.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Athletic Injuries ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Talus

No abstract available.
Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem*

This study was undertaken to investigate the growth change of gonial angle and interrelationship between the growth change of gonial angle and IMPA in the longitudinal data from 7 years to 15 years. By analyzing the serial lateral cephalograms of 15 males and 18 females of 7 years old to 15 years old who had no abnomality in growth and development and no history of orthodontic treatment, the following conclusion were obtained. 1. Gonial angle gradually decreased with aging in 25 children and in 9 children increased or maintained. 2. There was a tendency that children who decreased gonial angle with aging showed gradual increase of IMPA and children who increased of maintained gonial angle with aging showed decrease of IMPA 3. There was a tendency that regardless of the change of gonial angle, interincisal angle decreased with aging.
Adolescent ; Aging ; Child ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Male

PURPOSE: To compare 3D ultrasound (3D-US) with 2D ultrasound (2D-US) in terms of their usefulness and limitations in the diagnosis of breast masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained 2D and 3D US images of 37 breast lesions present in 20 cases of fibroadenoma, nine of cancer, and eight of fibrocystic disease proven in a total of 26 cases [fibroadenoma (n=13), breast cancer (n=9), fibrocystic disease (n=4)] by histologic examination, and by clinical evaluation and clinical evaluation with sonographic imaging in eleven. When comparing 3D and 2D-US images we had no prior information regarding detection rate according to the size of lesions, whether or not internal and boundary echo patterns could be interpreted, accurate differentiation between tumorous and non-tumorous lesions, or the accuracy with which benign and malignant tumors could be differentiated. RESULTS: For lesions of 1 cm or less in diameter the detection rate of 3D-US was lower than that of 2D-US, but for lesions over 1 cm there was no difference between the two modalities. In fibroadenoma and breast cancer, 3D-US was more useful than 2D-US for the evaluation of both internal and boundary echo, but with fibrocystic disease and in the diagnosis of tumor/non-tumor, there was no significant difference. In breast cancer, however, 3D-US more accurately determined malignancy, and in fibroadenoma, because of the pseudospicule revealed by 3D-US, this modality was less exact in determining benignancy. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of internal and boundary echo in breast mass diagnosis, 3D-US was more useful than its 2D counterpart. For lesions of 1 cm or less in diameter, however, the detection rate of 3D-US was low, and since in some benign cases a pseudospicule was apparent, the possibiliy of confusion with malignancy arose. For these reasons, the usefulness of 3D-US was limited.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis* ; Fibroadenoma ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Foreign Bodies* ; Lung* ; Perfusion*

No abstract available.
Osteoblasts* ; PPAR gamma

Massive thoracoabdominal aortic thrombosis is a rare finding in patients with iatrogenic Cushing syndrome in the absence of any coagulation abnormality. It frequently represents an urgent surgical situation. We report the case of an 82-year-old woman with massive aortic thrombosis secondary to iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. A follow-up computed tomography scan showed a decreased amount of thrombus in the aorta after anticoagulation therapy alone.
Aged, 80 and over ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Aorta, Abdominal/ultrasonography ; Cushing Syndrome/*complications/*diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Thrombosis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Pituitary Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: To evaluate normal tonsillar position at different ages, using MR images. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We measured the position of the cerebellar tonsils with respect to the inferior aspect of the foramen magnum on middle sagittal MR T1 weight images in 210 patients(9 days to 83 years) who were not considered to have any disorder that would affect tonsillar position. RESULTS: The mean distance between tonsillar tip and inferior aspect of the foramen magnum was 0.0 +/-1.9mm in the first decade of life, 0.7 +/-2.8mm in the fourth decade, and3.4 +/-2.3 mm in the eighth and ninth decades. The tonsillar position is significantly lower in youth(first and second decades) than in old age(seventh to ninth decades). CONCLUSION: We believe that a single reference standard that indicates the normal distance of the cerebellar tonsils from the foramen magnum is inappropriate unless age is considered. We suggest that the following distance below the foramen magnum(more than 2 standard deviations out of the normal range) be used as criteria for ectopia of the cerebellar tonsils in koreans : firstand second decades, 5mm ; third to sixth decades, 4mm ; seventh and eighth decades, 3mm.
Foramen Magnum ; Palatine Tonsil*