Squamous cell carcinoma of the bulbar conjunctiva is a rare disease and usually arise at the limbus and spread to the cornea and adjacent bulbar conjunctiva. The authers experienced two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the bulbar conjunctiva. In the first case, a 30-year old male visited our hospital in February, 1969 with a congested granulomatous hypertrophy in the nasal side of the bulbar conjunctiva(OD) which had showed progressive enlargement of 3 months duration. An excisional biopsy was carried out and histopathological examination revealed bulbar squamous cell carcinoma. In second case, a 51-year old female visited our hospital in January, 1977 with recurrent mild conjunctival injection and a small whitish elevated mass in the temporal side of the bulbar conjunctiva(OD) which had showed progressive enlargement of 7 months duration. The elevated mass was resected and histopathological examination revealed bulbar squamous cell carcinoma. We had a study of the histopathological finding for two cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the bulbar conjunctiva with a brief review of relating literatures.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Conjunctiva* ; Cornea ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rare Diseases

The authors present a case of macular dystrophy of the cornea which is inherited as a recessive trait. The patient was 43 years old female housewife who had suffered from photophobia, frequent tearing, foreign body sensation and gradually increasing visual dimness since early childhood. Partial penetrating keratoplasty was performed. We had a study of the histopathologic findings for a case of macular dystrophy of the cornea with a brief review of relating literatures.
Adult ; Cornea* ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Macular Degeneration* ; Photophobia ; Sensation ; Tears

The authors experienced a case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient was 13 years old bov who had exophthalmos, ocular deviation to upper direction and visual disturbance of his left eye. We excised the exposed mass of tumor by exploration of the orbit and postoperative irradiation with Cobalt-60 was followed. There were no signs of recurrence of the tumor or metastasis to the other part of body until now, 7 months after surgery. We had a study of the histopathologic findings for a case of rhabdomyosarcoma with a brief review of relating literature.
Adolescent ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orbit* ; Recurrence ; Rhabdomyosarcoma* ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal

Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis. It is primarily a disease of wild animals. Human infection is incidental and usually results from interaction with biting or blood-sucking insects, wild or domestic animals, or the environment. An increasing number of cases have been reported in several countries. However, in Korea it has not been reported until now. A 40-year old male patient visited our department on Jan 13, 1997, complaining of multiple swollen lymph-nodes on his axillae and reddish swollen left upper arm which contained an abscess at its central portion for about ten days. On Dec 25, 1996, he found a dead wild rabbit on a nearby mountainside, ate it after cooking it by himself with his hands injured. His abscess was drained and microbiologic examination was done. However no microorganism was isolated. His lymph nodes were surgically removed from both axillae, and we investigated them microbiologically and pathologically. On microbiologic examination, small aerobic gram negative coccobacilli were grown on a chocolate agar plate in an aerobic condition with 5% CO2 at 37 degrees centigrade. On H & E staining, the lymph node showed chronic granulomatous inflammation. We sent the microorganism and lymph nodes to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States of America for the definitive diagnosis. Finally the microorganism was identified as F. tularensis by culture morphology, biological tests and immunohistochemical staining. We report the first case of F. tularensis in Korea.
Abscess ; Adult ; Agar ; Americas ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Animals, Wild ; Arm ; Axilla ; Cacao ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cooking ; Diagnosis ; Francisella tularensis ; Hand ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insects ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Tularemia* ; United States

A 27-year-old woman had a cataract in the left eye and absent radial pulses in both upper extremities. Fundus examination of the right eye disclosed arteriovenous anastomosis about the disc and segmentation of venous blood column. Aortogram revealed complete obstruction of brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, which were the branches of aortic arch. Takayasu's arteritis is an uncommon disorder which causes obliteration of branches of aortic arch and pulmonary artery. Its characteristics are absence of pulsation in the upper extremities and arteriovenous anastomosis around the disc. It affects mainly young females and its etiology is uncertain.
Adult ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Cataract ; Female ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery ; Subclavian Artery ; Takayasu Arteritis* ; Upper Extremity

Rieger's anomaly refers to a dysgenesis that features bilateral hypoplasia of the iris stroma, posterior embryotoxon and the associated angle anomalies, pupillary distortion, polycoria, and a high likelihood of glaucoma. In addition to glaucoma, other defects, usually dental, may be present in Rieger's anomaly. When glaucoma occurs, it usually develops during the first to third decades but infrequently occurs in infancy. Frequently mesodermal dysgenesis accompanies ectopia of the pupil and polycoria. In these anomalies no new synechias are formed such as occur in essential iris atrophy. Cataracts are occasionally part of the picture. The anomaly is extremely variable in its expression with the full-blown disease in one member of a family and only minimun signs in another. The authors experienced a case of Rieger's anomaly which occurred in both eyes of 18 year old male who had above characteristic ocular findings and associated juvenile onset glaucoma.
Adolescent ; Atrophy ; Cataract ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Iris ; Male ; Mesoderm ; Pupil ; Pupil Disorders

Topical fibronectin, autologous and homologous, was used to treat nine patients (eleven eyes) with persistent corneal epithelial defects and corneal ulcers that failed to improve with standard therapy. The fibronectin was purified from autologous and homologous plasma by gelatin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and administered topically, 500 micrograms/ml five times a day, for three weeks. Complete or nearly complete reepithelialization was achieved in all patients regardless of the source of fibronectin, autologous or homologous. But healing times varied. The average healing time was 41.7 +/- 14.7 days (35.7 +/- 12.4 days for autologous, 50.8 +/-14.4 days for homologous). Ocular symptoms were relieved significantly, and no side effects were observed. Over an average follow-up period of 5.2 months, no recurrences were noted. The results showed that homologous, as well as autologous, fibronectin was effective in patients with persistent corneal epithelial defects and corneal ulcers.
Administration, Topical ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Proteins/isolation & purification ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Corneal Diseases/*drug therapy ; Corneal Ulcer/*drug therapy ; Epithelium/drug effects ; Female ; Fibronectins/administration & dosage/isolation & purification/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Visual Acuity ; Wound Healing/drug effects

To investigate the morphometric characteristics of the corneal endothelial cells in normal Korean, specular microscope has been used in 84 eyes of 42 normal Korean volunteers, 42 eyes in male, 42 eyes in female ranging in age from 5 to 71 years of age. We have analyzed cell density, cell area, coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), perimeter, shape factor, hexagonality, and side lengths, and compared the changes in each parameters according to age, right and left eye, and sex. The mean cell density was 3025 cells/mm2, and mean hexagonality was 67.01%. The values in these two parameters decreased with age (p Cell Count ; Endothelial Cells* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Volunteers

We studied the ultrastructural features of four consecutive subfoveal neovascularmembranes (SFNM) associated with age-related macular degeneration. Cellular components of the membranes included retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, endothelium-lined vascular channels, macrophages, myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, glial cells, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes. Extracellular interstitial constituents included collagen fibrils, basal laminar deposits, fibrin and young elastic fibrils. These findings show that SFNMs consist of various cells originating from surrounding tissues and vessels. Among these RPE cells and macrophages are the main cellular components and in conjunction with various extracellular matrix, especially collagen, may play an important role in the formation and maintenance of the membranes.
Basement Membrane/surgery/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration/complications ; Microscopy, Electron ; Retina/*ultrastructure ; Retinal Neovascularization/etiology/*pathology/surgery

A and V patterns are manifest by a horizontal change of alignment of the eyes that occurs on midline upgaze and downgaze as the eyes are moved from the primary position. A and V patterns may be associated with orthophoria, esodeviation, or exodeviation in the primary position. Compensatory head postures are frequently found in patients having A and V patterns. A great deal has been written about the etiology, however, no single etiologic factor can explain all A and V patterns. A and V patterns are revealed by prism and alternate cover midline measurements, comparing 30 degrees upgaze, primary position, and 30 degrees downgaze. A difference of 15 delta between up and down measurements in V patterns and 10 delta in A patterns is necessary for a valid diagnosis. Some surgical methods were described to correct the A and V patterns, only two methods receive widespread acceptance: vertical transposition of the insertions of the horizontal rectus muscles and weakening of the oblique muscles. The authors studied clinically 8 cases of V patterns and 1 case of A pattern in 118 strabismic patients. The results were as follows; 1) The prevalence of A and V patterns was about 8%(9/118). 2) In V patterns, weakening procedures on the inferior oblique muscles with surgery on the horizontal rectus muscles corrected 7 delta to 12 delta between primary position and upgaze. And combining vertical transposition of horizontal rectus muscles corrected an additional 17 delta to 28 delta of V patterns between up and downgaze. 3) In A pattern, resecting inferior rectus muscle with surgery on the horizontal rectus muscles corrected 6 delta of A pattern.
Diagnosis ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Head ; Humans ; Muscles ; Posture ; Prevalence