Supraaortic stenosis is a localized or diffuse congenital narrowing of the ascending aorta at the levels of superior margin of the sinus of Valsalva, just above coronary arteries. Hemodynamically, it is a usually manifestated as aortic stenosis especially when it combined with subaortic membrane. And there is no case report of supraaortic stenosis combined with subaortic membrane which has aortic valvular reurgitation due to secondary change of dilated sinus of Valsalva by supraaortic ridge. We have experienced a case of aortic regurgitation associated with supraaortic ridge combined with subvalvular aortic membrane.
Aorta ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency* ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Vessels ; Membranes* ; Sinus of Valsalva

PURPOSE: This is a retrospective study to analyze the functional results of closed reduction and external fixation of unstable fractures of the proximal humerus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten unstable proximal humerus fractures were managed with closed reduction and external fixation in which other operative methods are not proper due to comminution, osteoporosis or poor general condition of patients. 4 cases of 2-part and 6 cases of 3-part fracture were included. Radiologically union of fracture, malunion and the evdence of avascular necrosis of humeral head were assessed and the functional results were analyzed with Neer scoring system. RESULTS: Radiologically all fractures were healed but in 2 cases malunion was resulted because of reduction loss in proximal fragment. Pin site infection was developed in 7 cases and oral antibiotics were needed. The functional results were excellent in 4, satisfactory in 3 and unsatisfactory in 3 cases. 2 cases with malunion and one case with lack of postoperative cooperation resulted in functionally unsatisfactory. CONCLUSION: External fixation is an alternative method in the treatment of unstable proximal humerus fractures in which open reduction or percutaneous pinning are not proper due to comminution, osteoporosis or poor general condition of patient.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Humerus* ; Necrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies

No Abstract Available.
Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Life Style* ; Osteoporosis*

BACKGROUND: During orthotopic liver transplantation, magnesium monitoring has been done frequently because of its important role in the cardiovascular system. Generally hypomagnesemia may occur frequently during an operation, but some investigators reported serum magnesium levels returned to normal after reperfusion which is different from our result. Therefore, this study was done to confirm the changes of serum magnesium in the postanhepatic stage and also to confirm the need for prophylactic magnesium administration. METHODS: Thirteen patients plasma magnesium concentrations were measured 8 times during the operation on each patient. We also checked the total transfusion amount and required CaCl2 amount in every patient. The significance of all data were evaluated with a paired t-test and correlation method. RESULTS: Serum magnesium levels were significantly decreased after the beginning of the postanhepatic stage during an operation (P < 0.05). Correlation between transfused blood amounts and CaCl2 requirements showed significant correlation (r: 0.709), but no correlation between magnesium concentrations and transfused blood amounts was found. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that serum magnesium concentrations were significantly decreased especially in the postanhepatic stage and an appropriate amount of a magnesium supply may be needed.
Cardiovascular System ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Magnesium* ; Plasma ; Reperfusion ; Research Personnel

Hematuria is a important clinical sign that is a consequence of significant fenal. urologic or sytemic disease. Recently the morphology of the red cell in hematuria has been used to indicate a renal or non-renal source and also the measurement of red cell volume by red cell analyzer has been used to distinguish glomerular from non-glomerular hematuria. In this study. the MCV(mean corpsular red cell voume). RDW(red cell distribution width) and HDW (hemoglobin distribution width) were measured using H-1 system in57 children with hematuria to assess the diagnostic usefulness of the urinary red cell analyzer in the differentation of glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria. The patients were divided into two groups as glomerular diseases(40cases)and non-glomerular diseases(17 cases)and the location of the bleeding was confirmed by renal biopsy, radiology and the clinical findings. The results were as follows. 1) The urinary red cell MCV waslower in patients with glomerular diseases than that in patients with non-glomerular diseases (79.89 +/- 12.0fl vs. 90.93 +/- 9.71fl vs. 90.93+/-9.71 fL; p<0.01) 2) The urinary RDW and HDW were significantly higher in glomerular diseases than those in non-glomerular diseases (RDW; 19.86 +/- 11.28% vs 11.34+/-5.88%, HDW; 3.37+/-2.07 gm vs. 1.86+/-1.43gm). 3) The urinary red cell MCV was correlated well with the RDW and HDW while there was no correlation between the urinary red cell MCV and the urinary SG or pH. 4) The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictability of the urinsary MCV were 37.8%, 94.1% and 93.7% and those of RDW were 62.5%, 82.3% and 89.2% 5) The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictability of the urinary HDW were 42.5%, 88.2% and 89.4% We concluded from above date that the measurment of the urinary MCV, RDW and HDW would be useful as a primary non-invasive screening test in differentation of glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria in children.
Biopsy ; Cell Size* ; Child* ; Diagnosis* ; Hematuria* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess changes in computerized neurobehavioral performance across multiple test sessions for developing a valid performance level and reducing test time. METHODS: The study was conducted on 118 male car painters exposed to low-dose, mixed organic solvents. The study controls were 113 unexposed reference workers matched for age and educational year from different sections of the same factory. Each worker completed a medical and occupational exam and questionnaire. Three tests of the Swedish Performance Evaluation System (5 minutes of Simple Reaction Time, 9 sessions of Symbol Digit, and 4 sessions of Finger Tapping Speed) were administered to each group. RESULTS: The mean age, mean duration of employment, and mean years of education were 33 years, 6.7 years, and 12 years in both groups, respectively. The mean reaction times of the Simple Reaction Time increased with the lapse of time. The known group difference between the exposed and control groups was larger for the first minute than for the successive 3 minutes. Both groups showed improved performance across the first to the seventh sessions on Symbol Digit. Following the seventh session, the performance levels of Symbol Digit had worsened. The t statistic of the two groups was the largest when the two mean reaction times were calculated from the sessions of the fifth to the seventh. In the dominant and non-dominant hands, the number of taps increased and decreased, respectively, across the sessions on Finger Tapping Speed. The known group difference was the largest when comparing the performances from the first to the second sessions. CONCLUSIONS: For valid interpretation and timesaving in computerized neurobehavioral tests, the following is recommended: one practice and one test session for Simple Reaction Time, four practice and three test sessions for Symbol Digit, and one practice and two test sessions for Finger Tapping Speed.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Employment ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Questionnaires ; Reaction Time ; Solvents

No abstract available.
Lasers, Dye* ; Melanosis*

BACKGROUND: Research on the emotional labor of firefighters is actively being carried out, but studies that analyze emotional labor separately by job types, working departments, and other conditions of firefighters are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in emotional labor level between departments and other conditions of firefighters. METHODS: A total of 287 Korean firefighters were included for analysis. The demands of emotional labor and emotional damage were measured using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale. To analyze the conditions and factors affecting the emotional labor level of the firefighters, logistic regression analysis was performed using the emotional labor high risk group as a dependent variable. RESULTS: The average score of overall emotional labor level of the firefighters was 47.2 ± 17.3, and the prevalence of high risk firefighters with emotional labor was 27.1%. It was found that the emergency medical service and administration departments showed a higher prevalence of high risk emotional labor firefighters than did other departments. The result of multiple logistic regression analysis for the high risk emotional labor firefighters showed that the adjusted odds ratio of emergency medical service department compared to the reference group (the rescue department) was 2.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–8.24). CONCLUSIONS: Among the firefighters, the emergency medical service department is a high risk factor for emotional labor. Therefore, education and prevention training on emotional labor should be more thorough before work shifts.
Daegu ; Education ; Emergency Medical Services ; Firefighters ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

Purpose: We compared bilateral lateral rectus recession with down transposition and slanted bilateral lateral rectus recession as surgical methods for convergence insufficiency-type exotropia. Methods: We included patients who underwent bilateral lateral rectus recession with down transposition or slanted bilateral lateral rectus recession for convergence insufficiency-type exotropia from January 2012 to January 2021 and observed them for more than 1 year. We retrospectively analyzed sex, age, preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, axial length, amount of surgery, and deviation angle before surgery and after surgery (immediately, 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year). We also examined surgical success and stereopsis before surgery and after 6 months and 1 year. Results: The down transposition group included 45 patients and the slanted group included 40. The deviation angle of distance, deviation angle of near and the near-distance disparity (NDD) all decreased in the down transposition group and slanted group 1 year after surgery (1.96 ± 8.77 prism diopter [PD] and 4.60 ± 4.99 PD, respectively; 5.53 ± 9.09 PD and 9.03 ± 9.09 PD, respectively; and 3.58 ± 5.26 PD and 4.43 ± 5.32 PD, respectively). Surgical success after 1 year was 55.6% in the down transposition group and 52.5% in the slanted group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions In convergence insufficiency-type exotropia, both bilateral lateral rectus recession with down transposition and slanted bilateral lateral rectus recession were effective to correct the deviation angle of near, distance, and NDD. Both are suitable primary surgical methods for convergence insufficiency-type exotropia.

STUDY DESIGN: Eighteen patients undergoing bone cement augmentation of pedicular screwing for osteoporotic lumbar spine were reviewed retropectively. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of bone cement augmentation of pedicular screwing for osteoporotic lumbar spine. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: For the technical limit obtaining the dynamic stability in the bone-screw interface for osteoporotic lumbar spine, the additional device to enhance pedicular screw fixation strength needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 18 cases undergoing pedicular screwing and fusion for the osteoporotic (Jikei grade I, II, III/III) lumbar spine from Feb. 2000 to Mar. 2001 with an average follow-up of 1.5 years. Mean age was 69.5 years with 6 male and 12 female. Inclusion criteria was 9 degenerative spinal stenosis, 5 spinal stenosis associated with compression fracture, 2 Kummel's disease, 1 spondylolisthesis and 1 internal disc disruption. We performed bone cement injection around the screws showing significantly low insertion torque, screw pullout or cut-up during surgery. We asssessed the radiographic results of sagittal angle correction (SAC) of the fused segment and disc height restoration (DHR) on the preoperative, postoperative and last follow up lumbar lateral views. Clinical results were evaluated according to the Kumano's criteria. RESULTS: Mean sagittal angle at preoperative, postoperative and last follow-up was 11.6-21.6-19.6 degrees with mean SAC gain 10 degrees (p<0.05) and gain loss 2 degrees (p>0.05). Mean disc height of each period was 33.3-49.8-43.5% with mean DHR gain 16.5% (p<0.05) and gain loss 6.3% (p>0.05). The clinical result was analyzed as 14 good, 3 fair and 1 poor. Fusion success was achieved in all. There were 2 perioperative complications of 1 superficial surgical site infection and 1 incomplete L4 root injury, and 6 complications during follow up of 3 compression fractures above fused segment, 1 screw pullout, 1 screw cut-up, and 1 bone cement extrava-sation into canal. CONCLUSIONS: The bone cement augmentation of pedicular screwing for osteoporotic lumbar spine can be an alternative to enhance screw fixation strength.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine* ; Spondylolisthesis ; Torque