BACKGROUND: In animal models of cerebral ischemic-reperfusion has been shown to have a beneficial effect. The object of this study is to compare the effect of pathologic findings between normotheimic and moderate hypothermic group. METHODS: We investigated the effect of moderate hypothermia induced 1 hour after transient(10 min) both carotid artery occlusion on the extent of ischemic-reperfusion cell damage in Mongolian Gerbil model. The terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) -mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labelling(TUNEL staning) are used to detect apoptosis. RESULTS: 1. We suggest that Core body temperature is down to moderate hypothermia(30-32degrees C) beyond 10 minite by selective bain cooling method in Mongolian Gerbil model. 2. By light microscopy, ischemic-reperfusion damage were detected in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer on the 3 day after transient ischemic insult, which showed chrosomal condensation and cytoplasmic eosinophilia. Ischemic-reperfusion cells were increased in the CA1 region on the 5 day. Apoptotic cells of the CA1 neurons seen by TUNEL staining than ischemic neurons seen by Hematoxylin-eosin staining were investigate 3 and 5 days after ischemic-reperfusion insult. CONCLUSION: We suggest that is not neuroprotective effects of Intraischemic(1 hour) moderate hypothermia in Gerbil brain global ischemic-reperfusion model.
Apoptosis ; Body Temperature ; Brain* ; Carotid Arteries ; Cytoplasm ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; Eosinophilia ; Gerbillinae* ; Hypothermia* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Microscopy ; Models, Animal ; Neurons ; Neuroprotective Agents*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical result of two stage reimplantation of infected total knee arthroplasties, using an antibiotics impregnated articulating cement spacer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of total 7 cases with infected total knee arthroplasties, 4 cases treated with two stage reimplantation, using an antibiotics impregnated articulating cement spacer were included in this study. After the treatment of infected total knee arthroplasties, the treatment of infection was evaluated by physical examination, radiologic studies, and hematologic studies. The results were evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS). RESULTS: As results, 4 infected knee cases treated with two stage reimplantation did not have reinfection at the time of the follow up, and physical, laboratory, and radiologic studies were all within normal range. The range of motion of the reimplanted knees were from -5degrees in extension to 130 degrees in flexion, with an average of 117 degrees. The average score of the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score was 87. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, two stage arthroplasties, using antibiotics impregnated articulating cement spacer was an effective therapy not only for the treatment of the infection after the total knee arthroplasty but also effectiveness for recovery of the knee function.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Arthroplasty* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee* ; Physical Examination ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Replantation*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula*

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), one of the more distinctive rash syndromes, is most frequently caused by coxsackievirus A16, but can also be caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) and other coxsackieviruses. Recently, there have been large outbreaks of simple, neurologically complicated and even fatal HFMD caused by EV71 in Western Pacific Area. However, in the Republic of Korea, despite its location in EV71 endemic Western Pacific Area, published reports on HFMD with EV71 are rare and there are no published reports on fatal cases. After the first fatal case of HFMD caused by EV71 announced in May 2009, much more cases of neurologically complicated HFMD have been announced. Even now, physician's increased awareness about the seriousness of HFMD, viral surveillance and early warning system of HFMD, and early detection and proper management of potentially life threatening HFMD caused by EV71 are required in the Republic of Korea, as in the neighboring countries.
Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus ; Exanthema ; Republic of Korea

No abstract available.
Airway Resistance* ; Respiration*

PURPOSE: Recently, many alternative forms of non-surgical treatment modalities were devised for the management of BPH and one of them is transurethral radiofrequency thermotherapy(TURT). In this study, we investigated the long term efficacy of TURT. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 132 patients with symptomatic BPH were treated in a single session with TURT using Thermex-ll(47.5 degrees C, 150minutes) and 88 patients who were available to follow-up for more than 6 months after TURT were enrolled in this study. Among them, 65 patients were available to follow-up for more than 2 years. The baseline and post-treatment mean symptom score(Madson-Iversen), maximal flow rate(MFR), residual urine volume and prostate volume were compared. Improvement was defined as a reduction of more than 50% in at least one of two parameters(symptom score and maximal flow rate). We also investigated whether other treatment modalities were selected in 2 years after TURT. RESULTS: At 3 months follow-up, improvements were observed in 59.1%(52/88), and at 6 months 54.5%(48/88). However, improvements in both symptom score and maximal flow rate at 3 and 6 months after treatment were only 27.3% and 20.5%, respectively. Among 65 patients who were available to follow-up for more than 2 years, 27 patients(41.5%) had undergone transurethral resection of the prostate either with(19) or without medication(8). 28 patients (43.1%) received medical therapy such as alpha blocker during the last two years after TURT. The post-treatment values of the 10 patients who had not received adjuvant therapy were not significantly different from those at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Although thermal treatment for BPH is an alternative option with minimal complication in selected symptomatic patients who are not clear candidates for surgery or high-risk patients, the long term effect of TURT is not sufficient to relieve the obstructive and irritative symptoms of BPH.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Dyspnea* ; Humans ; Respiratory Function Tests*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine whether conventional primary closure of the bile duct without routinely inserting a T-tube could be performed after all the surgeries used to treat choldocholithiasis. METHODS: From April 2002 to July 2005, we retrospectively analyzed 125 bile duct stone disease patients who underwent primary closure of the bile duct. RESULTS: Wound infection was the most frequent surgical complications, and it showed a higher trend in the patients who had a history of previous biliary operation, and it showed a trend to be slightly higher in the recurrent biliary stone cases than that in the de novo cases. However, these findings were not statistically significant. In addition, surgical complications developed in 16 of 100 patients who were older that 60 years, whereas there was only 1 of 25 patients who developed complications for the patients younger than 60 years. The development of complications has a tendency to be higher for the older patients, yet the level was not statistically significant. In regard to postsurgical hyperamylasemia, although a statistically significant difference could not be detected, this malady developed in 3 of 12 cases in whom endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tubes were inserted. This showed a trend to be higher than that for 13 cases of 113 patients for whom endoscopic nasobiliary drainage tubes were not inserted. Concerning the postsurgical hospitalization period, it was significantly longer in the cases who developed complications (p=0.018), and there was a tendency for a prolonged hospitalization period for the patients who were older than 60 years, for women, recurrent cases and the cases with a history of the bile duct surgery. Yet these had no statistical significance CONCLUSION: It appears that the primary closure of bile duct is a technique that could be performed safely for all choledocolithotomy patients , and this is regardless of the size of bile duct diameter, history of surgery on the bile duct system, gender, emergency operation, age, recurrent biliary stones, the presence of presurgical nasobiliary drainage tube and the presence of concomitant diseases.
Bile Ducts* ; Bile* ; Choledocholithiasis ; Drainage ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hyperamylasemia ; Length of Stay ; Retrospective Studies ; Wound Infection

A ganglion is the most common soft tissue tumor. But an intratendinous ganglion is a rare lesion of unknown etiology but with a natural history that originates within the tendon. A 52 year-old man complained of a palpable, non-tender mass in the dorsum of the right foot. We present a case of an intratendinous ganglion that developed in the extensor hallucis brevis tendon and which was treated successfully by excision.
Foot ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Natural History ; Tendons* ; Toes*