No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

No abstract available.
Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed*

PURPOSE: To evaluate abnormal neurosonographic (NSG) findings of thalami and basal ganglia in full term babies with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and to correlate the findings with follow-up studies and prognosis. METHODS: We evaluated 13 full term babies with abnormal NSG findings of thalarni and basal ganglia. NSG was performed within 7 days after clinical abnormalities. Follow-up NSG was done in 11 cases; CT scan in 4 and MRI in 7. We classified NSG findings as diffuse, unilateral, and focal types according to increased echogenicity and evaluated prognosis based on follow-up studies and neurological sequelae. RESULTS: Nine cases of diffuse type had diffuse echogenic changes of bilateral thalami and basal ganglia, slit-like lateral ventricles suggesting cerebral edema, and increased parenchymal echogenicity. In diffuse type, follow-up studies showed more prominent echogencities and ventricular dilatations and cerebromalacia. One case of unilateral type caused by thromboembolism had unilateral echogenicity of right thalamus and basal ganglia with increased echogenicity of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere and compression of the lateral ventricle, suggesting cerebral infarction. Follow-up study showed unilateral cystic cerebromalacia. Three cases of focal type had a localized echogenic area in thalamus with lacunar infarction, which decreased in size during follow-up. Among nine cases of diffuse type, one died within 2 days, two were discharged against medical advice, and six had severe neurologic sequelae. One case of unilateral type had a moderate degree of neurologic sequelae. All 3 cases of focal type had normal development. CONCLUSION: Pattems of abnormal echogenicity in thalami and basal ganglia in fullterm infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are correlated with the outcome and may be helpful for treatment planning.
Basal Ganglia* ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Brain Ischemia* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Cerebrum ; Dilatation ; Encephalomalacia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; Infant* ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis* ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Thalamus* ; Thromboembolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Carcinoid Tumor*

No abstract available.
Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.

We studied anti-HBs titer, positive and effective rate in relation to dosages(5microgram, 10microgram) and time interval after third vaccination in 23 infants born to HBsAg negative mother. The babies were divided into two groups. In one group(n=12), 5microgram of Hepavax was administered intramusculary at 1 month, 2 months and 6 months of age, in other group (n=11), 10microgram of Hepavax at same time interval. And the anti-HBs was studied at 2 months and 3 year after third vaccination by radioimmunoassay. The results were as follows: 1) The anti-HBs positive rate was 100% in two groups at 2 months and 3 years after vaccination. 2) The geometric mean anti-HBs titer at 2 months after third vacciantion was 9418.3+/-13041.5 IU/L in 5microgram group and 12750.0+/-12750.5 IU/L in 10microgram group, and 3 year after vaccination, 949.4+/-1404.0 IU/L in 5microgram group, 1067.4+/-1067.7 IU/L in 10microgram group. There were no significant difference between two groups, although mean anti-HBs titer decreased significantly after 3 years. 3) The effective rate at 3 years after vaccination was 66.7% in 5 microgram group and 72.8% in 10microgram group. There was no statistical significant difference between two groups.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers ; Radioimmunoassay ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of adhesive capsulitis and the effect of intra-articular steroid injection in spinal cord injured patients. METHOD: Fifty spinal cord injured patients participated in this study. The risk factors of adhesive capsulitis were compared between fourteen patients with adhesive capsulitis and thirty-six patients without one. Methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg mixed with 0.5% lidocaine 2 ml was given into glenohumeral joint space in adhesive capsulitis group and their pain and range of motion (ROM) were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) The incidence of adhesive capsulitis was higher in patients with higher injury level, older age and delayed start of rehabilitation therapy. 2) 10 cm visual analogue scale scores were significantly decreased after intra-articular steroid injection (p<0.01). 3) The shoulder ROM was increased after intra-articular steroid injection. The shoulder ROM at pre-injection was 126o in flexion, 113o in abduction, 64o in external rotation and 51o in internal rotation. The shoulder ROM at 4 weeks after injection was 138o in flexion, 131o in abduction, 74o in external rotation and 77o in internal rotation. CONCLUSION: There was a trend that the incidence of adhesive capsulitis was higher in patients with higher injury level, older age and delayed start of rehabilitation therapy. Further, it was suggested that intra-articular steroid injection was effective for reducing pain and improving ROM.
Adhesives* ; Bursitis* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Methylprednisolone ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Joint ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical findings and ultrasonographic findings of aortic thrombosis which developed after umblical artery catheterization in neonates. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated clnical records and ultrasonographic findings in five cases of aortic thrombosis, which developed after umblical artery catheterization. Four were premature newborns, and one was a term neonate but small for gestational age. Three were male infants. The mean age was 29.8 days (15-71 days) and the duration of umblical artery catheterization was 16.4 days (7-31 days). The gestational age of 5 cases was between 26 and 38 weeks (mean 33 weeks) and birth weight was between 930 and 2,600 g (mean 1,950 g). All cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography only, and in 2 cases color Doppler ultrasonography was performed additionally. RESULTS: There were several associated conditions including hypothermia (n=2), perinatal asphyxia (n=2), respiratory distress syndrome (n=5), and neonatal infection (n=5). The clinical manifestations of 5 cases were hypertension (n=4), thrombocytopenia (n=4), hematuria (n=2), renal failure (n=l), and congestive heart failure (n=l). In all five cases, ultrasonography showed hyperechoic thrombus with partial occulsion of aorta. The size of thrombi varied 1.2-4x 4-25 mm. All thrombi were located around the origin site of renal artery. CONCLUSION: Aortic thrombosis, one of the complications of umblical artery catheterization can easily be diagnosed by ultrasonography, so ultrasonography would be needed as a screening study in neonate with umblical artery catheterization.
Aorta ; Arteries ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Gestational Age ; Heart Failure ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypothermia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Prognosis* ; Renal Artery ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Thalamus* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Thrombosis* ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Umbilical Arteries*