Apodemus agrarius has been using for experimental purpose to identifying the route of infection and pathogenesis of korean hemorrhagic fever. However, despite the increasing amount of information being published at present about the physiologic and ecologic characteristics of Apodemus, few data are availalle about the morphologic findings in the brain. The NADPH-diaphorase[NADPH-d] positive neurons, uniquely resistant to toxic insults and neurodegenerative diseases, have been colocalized with neurons in the brain and peripheral tissue containing nitric oxide synthase, which generates nitric oxide, a recently identified neuronal messenger molecule. In this study we used NADPH-d histochemistry to evaluate the distribution of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive[NPY-IR] cells within neurons which contain nitric oxide synthase. In the cerebral cortex of Apodemus agrarius, NADPH-d positive and NPY-IR neurons were observed in all cortical layers, but they were concentrated in two bands layer II/III and V/VI extending into the subcortical white matter. Double labeling for NADPH-d and NPY showed colocalization of NPY with NADPH-d in numerous neurons of the cerebral cortex. The data obtained showed that about 74-79% of NPY-IR neurons contained NADPH-d in the neocortex and that 77-89% in the allocortex. The number of NPY-IR/NADPH-d positive neurons was about 10-13 per unit area [2,500,000 micrometer] in the neocortex and about 11-25 in the allocortex except retrosplenial cortex. In the retrosplenial cortex, the number of double labeled neurons was about 5 per unit area. NPY-IR and NADPH-d positive neurons were predominantly medium-sized with extended, multipolar or bipolar dendritic branches which belong to fusiform or stellate cell types. A moderately dense network of fine, varicose NADPH-d positive fibers was present throughout all cortical layers.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Murinae* ; Neocortex ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptide Y* ; Neuropeptides* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase

In this study, silicone intubation was performed for punctal stenosis in 26 eyes (group 1), incomplete nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 65 eyes (group 2), and complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 62 eyes (group 3).Follow up period was 3~14 months (mean 6 months).After intubation, 22 eyes (84.6%) in group 1, 50 eyes (76.9%)in group 2, and 25 eyes (40.3%)in group 3 showed no epiphora.The success rates based on age were 100%under 10 years, 67.2%between 10 years and 50 years, and 65.4%above 50 years.81.8%in male patients and 58.3%in female patients showed improvement.The most common complication was itching sensation.In summary, silicone intubation can be an alternative to dacryocystorhinostomy in patients who have punctal stenosis and incomplete obstruction of nasolacrimal duct system.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases* ; Male ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Pruritus ; Silicones*

As regard to the treatment modality and its prognosis following the treatment, there are some differences between the thoracolumbar compression fracture and bursting fracture. If bursting fracture is accompanied by nerve injury, especially if the fracture fragment is compressing the spinal cord, it is reported that decompression with early surgical intervention would achieve a much better prognosis. Therefore, the authors tried to suggest an overall statistics on the patient's age, mechanism of injury and injured site and to compare the sensitivity of tools used in diagnosing bursting fracture radiologically, as well as the sensitivity of posterior vertebral body angle, which is used in diagnosing subtle bursting fracture. Three hundred forty three patients admitted to emergency center of Yongdong Severance Hospital with a thoracolumbar fracture from 1992. Jan. to 1994. Dec. Of the 343 patients, minor fracture and those with insufficient X-ray films and clinical notes were excluded from the study. The study was done with 199 patients in retrospective method. All the 199 patients had plain X-ray and computed tomography taken. the results were as follows 1. The male to female ratio was 114 to 85 with average age being 47.1 years old(14-93 years old). 2. The mechanisms of injury were falling down, traffic accident, slipped down, sprain and confusional injury in the order written. 3. There were 67 cases of compression fracture and 132 cases of bursting fracture. 157 cases had I level injury in the order of Ll, T12, and L2, 33 cases had 2 level injury, and 8 cases were injured in 3 level of the spine. 4. Of the factors determining the radiological diagnosis of bursting fracture, the disruption of posterior cortical line had the highest sensitivity. 5. Of the 45 cases of 1 level injured subtle bursting fracture, those with posterior vertebral body angle of more than 100 degree radiographically had a sensitivity of 82%. Of the thoracolumbar fractured patient admitted to the emergency room, searching for disruption of posterior cortical line in plain film helped in diagnosing bursting fracture, and calculating the posterior vertebral body angle helped in determining whether further computed topography was needed in subtle bursting fracture.
Accidents, Traffic ; Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; Spine ; Sprains and Strains ; X-Ray Film

BACKGROUND: Ketamine use in emergency room has been increased. It has rapid onset of action and appropriate duration of action. It does not need endotracheal intubation and produces potent analgesia, sedation, and amnesia. The object of this study is to determine the safety and the degree of physician's satisfaction in relation to ketamine use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study using protocol. Pediatric trauma patients who need sedation were given IM ketamine(4mg/kg) and atropine(0.01mg/kg) in a same syringe. Monitoring of patients was done by EM residents and complications of ketamine use were recorded. Physician's satisfaction was also recorded after the procedure. RESULTS: Intramuscular ketamine was administered 54 times, mainly for laceration repair. Physicians completed protocol for 51 of treated children. The median time for onset of sedation was 6.5+/-2.4 min, and duration of action was 32.4+/-10.8 min. Hypersalivation occurred in 9.8%(n=5); random movement 3.9%(n=2), emesis during procedure(n=1), emesis at home(n=1), and transient oxygen desaturation(n=1). All were quickly identified and treated without specific airway management and sequelae. Of 84% of physicians was satisfied with ketamine use for pediatric sedation. CONCLUSION: Intramuscular ketamine can be administered safely and satisfactorily in emergency room to facilitate pediatric procedures in conjunction with a defined protocol and appropriate monitoring.
Airway Management ; Amnesia ; Analgesia ; Child ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Ketamine* ; Lacerations ; Oxygen ; Prospective Studies ; Sialorrhea ; Syringes ; Vomiting

Esophageal ulcers induced by doxycycline is a rare complication. These patients usually complain of sudden onset of symptoms, ie acute substernal or chest pain and odynophagia without prior hietory of esophageal syraptoms. On esophagoscopic examination, there are upper or midesophageal ulcers, which heal after diseontinuation of the drug within 2 weeks. A history of ingestion of the doxycycline,with liquid jost before bedtime can be elicited. The exact eause of the xaucosal ulceration is not clear, but a direct irritant effeet on esophageal mucosa seems most likely. We report 5 cases of esophageal uleeration secondary to the ingestion of doxycydine. Esophagoscopy revealed esophageal ulcers in all patients and the patients hecame asymptomatic following stopping of tbe drugs and taking antacids.
Antacids ; Chest Pain ; Doxycycline* ; Eating ; Esophagoscopy ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Ulcer*

The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is a familial disesse charaeterized by mucocutaneaus pigmentation, gastrointestinal polyposis, and transmission of autosomal dominant trait. This syndrome is clinically important becuase of the coreplieation caused by the polyp, leading to abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intussusception. Authors experienced a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome admitted to Walace Memorial Baptist Hospital who was complained of recurrent abdominal pain, melanin pigmentation of lips, oral mucosa, and digits. UGI series, small bowel series, colon cnema, gastrofiberscopy, and colonoseopy revealed multiyle intestinal polyps. Pathologic findings on endoseopic polypectomy showed hamartomatous polyp.
Abdominal Pain ; Colon ; Hemorrhage ; Intestinal Polyps ; Intussusception* ; Lip ; Melanins ; Mouth Mucosa ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ; Pigmentation ; Polyps ; Protestantism

No abstract available.
Polyesters* ; Urinary Incontinence*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital*

PURPOSE: Endopyelotomy is a minimally invasive surgical alternative to the classic open surgery in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction with similar success rates. We analyzed factors influencing success rates after endopyelotomy based on clinical data. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Between 1989 and 1997, we performed percutaneous antegrade endopyelotomy in 53 cases of ureteropelvic junction obstructions. Among these patients, 47 patients have been followed with range from 3 to 70 months(mean 18.1 months). Of the 47 patients, 36 had primary UPJ obstruction and 11 had secondary UPJ obstruction. A rigid urethrotome(cold knife) was employed in 31 cases, a electrotome(hot knife) in 10 and a balloon dilator in 6. A stent(14/7Fr endopyelotomy stent or 6Fr double-J stent) was placed for 4 to 12 weeks after the procedure. Coexisting stones or infundibular strictures were managed simultaneously. RESULTS: Overall success rate(measured by symptom-free status and improved uroradiographic findings) was 80.9%(86.1% in primary and 63.6% in secondary cases). Success rates related to the method of incision were as follows; 87.1% with a cold knife, 80% with a electric knife and 50% with a balloon dilator only. 14/7Fr endopyelotomy stent was used in 21 patients with a successful outcome in 19(90.5%), while 25 received 6Fr double stent with a successful outcome in 18(72%). Success rates according to the duration of stenting were as follows; 86.7% in the 8-week group, 78.6% in the 6-week group and 66.7% in the 4-week group. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience indicates that endopyelotomy can be selected as the initial procedure of choice for the selected patients with UPJ obstruction. The small number of patients in each parameter did not reach statistical significance. However, there was a trend for better results in patients with primary UPJ obstruction and with the use of 14/7Fr endopyelotomy stent.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Stents