The treatment of calcaneal fracture has been controvertial because of its difficulty for many years, and now it tended to be concluded with ultimate result of earIy weight bearing. Authors tried a serial treatment of calcaneal fracture with enforcing early weight bearing after a week of elevation, eold compression, and other 3 weeks of cast immobilization. Materials are compised of 21 feet of 18 patients. Of which 12 cases treated by this method have restored normal range of walking ability. Another group of materials treated by open reduction showed delayed recovery.
Clinical Study ; Foot ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Reference Values ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

In 1961, Salter had devised the innominate osteotomy in treating C.D.H, which has been one of the most popular methods in these days. 14 hips with 12 patients who have been admitted and received Salters innominate osteotomy in the department of orthopaedic surgery, National Medical Center, from Feb. 1974 to Dec. 1976, were evaluated as for the results. Clinical analysis and follow-up study were carried out in 14 hips with C.D.H. and the following results were obtained. The mean age of the cases was 34 months, and sex preponderance of female to male was 11: 1. The ratio of left to right was not significantly different. 2 cases of complication out of 12 cases was found; redislocation and subluxaiton respectively. The age of first detection of C.D.H., was surprisingly late around 18 months old. In addition, approximately 12 months has elapsed between the first detection of C.D.H. and the first consultation to doctor. Assesment of the result was carried out by Severine and Macays method respectively; Radiological evaluation was as followings: (Severine) Excellent: 4, Good: 8, Fair: 1, Poor: 1. Clineal evaluation was as followings: (Macay) Excellent: 4, Good: 7, Fair: 1, Poor; 1, Failure: 1.
Equidae ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Osteotomy

Aspergillosis of the spine has been reported infrequently. It has usually been attributed to hematogenous infection, spread from an adjacent pulmonary infection. Acute paraplegia developed in a 68 year old man with aspergillus infection. Histopathologic findings showed aspergillus hyphae and magnetic resonance imaging study revealed mid thoracic cord compression. Direct extension of aspergillus infection caused an epidural abscess, vertebral destruction, thoracic spinal cord compression, and paraplegia.
Aged ; Aspergillosis* ; Aspergillus ; Epidural Abscess ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paraplegia* ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spine*

OBJECTIVE: Study was designed preliminarily to observe the accordance of caregivers strain and depression with other factors such as sex of the patient, caregiver, lesion side, Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score and Beck's Depression Index (BDI). METHOD: We composed a questionnaire with BDI, and the Sense of Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) in order to evaluate the amount of stress and depression of caregivers. Evaluation of the patient was done by interviewing them along with reviewing their medical records and obtaining scores such as the MMSE, Functional Inependence Index (FIM) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS: BDI of the caregivers showed a negative correlation with the patients' age. Lesion side nor age, nor the prevalence of hemiplegia of patients did not show statistical relevance with the strain that the caregiver felt. The first subscale of SCQ showed a positive correlation with the caregiving time that the caregiver gave. In accordance to the sex of the caregiver, females showed to spend more time with the patient, showed to be more unsatisfied with the patient but showed a tendency of lesser SCQ score. CONCLUSION: Depression, strain and burden that the caregivers went through showed to have slight correlation with the patient and caregiver factors.
Caregivers* ; Depression* ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mental Competency ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anthelmintic effects of fenbendazole against intestinal nematode; Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, and to compare the efficacy in fenbendazole, oxantel-pyrantel pamoate and placebo by means of double blind method. Out of 114 subjects harbouring Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, 36 cases were treated with single dose of fenbendazole, 38 cases with oxantel-pyrantel pamoate, and the remaining 40 cases had received the placebo. The results were as follows: In the group treated with fenbendazole (30-50 mg/kg), the cure rates were 83.9 percent in 31 subjects with Ascaris lumbricoides and 83.3 percent in 18 subjects with hookworm, and only 28.6 percent in 28 subjects with T. trichiura respectively. In the group treated with a single dose of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate (10 mg/mg), the cure rates were 96.7 percent in 30 subjects with A. lumbricoides, 95.2 percent in 21 subjects with hookworm, and 54.6 percent in 33 subjects with T. trichiura. Egg reduction rate was 85.7 percent in T. trichiura cases. On the other hand, the egg negative conversion rates in placebo group were 9.7, 8.3 and 33.3 percent in Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infections respectively. The above results showed that fenbendazole was highly effective against Ascaris and hookworm. However, incomparisom with oxantel-pyrantel pamoate, fenbendazole was less effective in regards of A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura infections.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; chemotherapy ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; hookworm ; Trichuris trichiura ; fenbendazole ; oxantel-pyrantel pamoate

No abstract available.
Mastoid*

OBJECTIVE: We tried to make real time observation of the ulnar nerve with elbows in an extended and flexed state at 100 degrees. METHOD: We examined 58 elbows of 29 healthy volunteers. The participants were symptomless and showed normal conduction across the elbow. The transducer was applied between the line connecting medial epicondyle and olecranon. We measured the distances between the center of nerve, medial epicondyle, olecranon, skin, and investigated the flattening ratio with elbows extended. Afterwards, we repeated the measurement with the elbows flexed at 100 degrees. We classified the position of the nerves into three groups according to the flexed position. We used the Okamoto classification. RESULTS: The distance between nerve and skin, between nerve and medial epicondyle was 0.57+/-0.11 cm, 0.83+/-0.15 cm, with the elbow extended. But with the elbow flexed, the distance decreased to a value of 0.45+/-0.11 cm, 0.64+/-0.25 cm, respectively. The flattening ratio was 0.52+/-0.13 at extension, and 0.31+/-0.11 at flexion. Subluxation and dislocation of the ulnar nerve were seen in 20.7% and 5.2% respectively. With the elbow flexed, the ulnar nerve moved anteromedially and superficially in the dislocated group. CONCLUSION: With the elbow flexed, the ulnar nerve moves superficially and medially, and the flattening ratio is greater when the elbow is extended.
Classification ; Dislocations ; Elbow Joint* ; Elbow* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Olecranon Process ; Skin ; Transducers ; Ulnar Nerve* ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patterns of the temperature effect on motor nerve conduction parameters according to various warming methods and to obtain the most valuable method of warming in clinical setting. METHOD: Twenty normal subjects were studied. After limb cooling in cold water, the cooled hands were warmed by hot pack, fan heater, and whirl pool. The median motor responses were recorded at abdnctor pollicis brevis after the stimulation at the wrist during warming at 1 min interval until the temperature increment reached plateau. We measured the temperature changes and conduction parameters were measured at each examination. RESULTS: The time constants for temperature increment and distal motor latency, duration, area of compound muscle action potentials showed shorter tendency by hot pack and whirl pool than by fan heater (p<0.05). For the measurement of distal motor latency, time constant of whirl pool (2.49 1.21 min) was shorter than that of fan heater (7.12 3.12 min) or hot pack (5.96 1.98 min) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the use of whirl pool is the most effective method for warming of the cooled limb.
Action Potentials ; Extremities ; Hand ; Neural Conduction* ; Water ; Wrist

OBJECTIVE: Traumatic brain injury is related to the acute stress response, and this can be accompanied by an elevated serum glucose level. So we estimated the influence of hyperglycemia on neurologic, functional status and outcome. METHOD: We studied the 139 traumatic brain injured patients who had been admitted to the department of neurosurgery from 1996 to 2000, retrospectively. We reviewed initial serum glucose level, postoperative glucose level, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). We compared these values with functional independence measure (FIM) scores. Patients were divided into two groups according to the initial serum glucose level, then we analyzed the correlation between glucose level and GCS, GOS, FIM. RESULTS: The correlations of early hyperglycemia with GCS, GOS, initial FIM scores were significant (p<0.01). But serum glucose levels were not correlated with plateau FIM scores (p>0.05). Patients with unfavorable neurologic outcome after 10 days from head injury had significantly high serum initial and postoperative glucose levels than those with favorable neurologic outcome (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In patients who had received rehabilitation therapy with moderate or severe head injury, early hyperglycemia were significantly correlated with initial FIM scores, GCS, GOS, but not with the plateau FIM scores.
Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Glasgow Outcome Scale ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia* ; Neurosurgery ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the degree of injury and patterns of recovery according to the severity and degree of ischemia-reperfusion. METHOD: Fifty-three rats were divided into 2 groups by degree of ischemia using ultrasonography. Each group was subdivided into 1 and 3-hours ischemia groups. Baseline recordings were performed, and ligation of the femoral vessels were done. Reperfusion process was done. Nerve conduction study (NCS), Sciatic Function Index (SFI) and histologic study were used. RESULTS: NCS parameters of the less than 3 hours incomplete insult group showed normal value. More than 1 hour of complete insult induced peripheral nerve injury. On first day and week, amplitude of NCS was small in 3-hour group. Muscle fiber diameter was less in 3-hour group. Although NCS parameters did not reach normal values on 4th week, 3-hour group showed smaller amplitudes. SFI returned to normal level at 4th week. Reperfusion injury was observed by electromyography. CONCLUSION: Less than 3 hours of partial ischemia/ reperfusion did not result in any form of injury whereas more than 1 hour of complete insult resulted in peripheral nerve injury with greater injury seen in 3 hour insult group. Neurological recovery was not achieved at 4 th week, and the more severe the ischemia, the poorer was the recovery.
Animals ; Electromyography ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Neural Conduction ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Rats* ; Reference Values ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Ultrasonography