No abstract available.
Humans ; Microcomputers*

The use of atypical antipsychotics is limited by occurrence of adverse reactions such as weight gain, despite of their benefits. This article provides a comprehensive review and discussion of the most significant findings regarding obesity-related pathways and integrates these with the known mechanism of atypical antipsychotic action. The focus of this article is primarily on the genetics of obesity related pathways that may be disrupted by atypical antipsychotics. This review also discussed weight gain, hyperglycemia or occurrence of diabetes while being treated with atypical antipsychotics from the point of view of pharmacogenetics. Pharmacogenetic research seeks to uncover genetic factors that will help clinicians identify the best treatment strategies for their patients. It will aid clinically in the prediction of response and side effects, such as antipsychotic-induced weight gain, and minimize the current "trial and error" approach to prescribing in the near future. This article also presents the genetics of both central and peripheral pathways putatively involved in antipsychotic-induced weight gain while providing a comprehensive review of the obesity literature. This article also review obesity related candidate molecules which may be disrupted during atypical antipsychotic drug treatment.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Genetics ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Obesity ; Pharmacogenetics* ; Weight Gain*

OBJECT: The goal of this study was to examine the changes in body weight and glucose levels of the patients treated with risperidone, clozapine or haloperidol in order to compare the effect of risperidone or clozapine with that of haloperidol. METHODS: For nine months(January to September, 2003), a prospective study was performed in 60 patients with chronic schizophrenia who were in Seoul National Hospital. Two-week period was required for a drug wash-out. The patients were randomly assigned to risperidone, clozapine and haloperidol groups. They were given risperidone(n=20), clozapine(n=20) and haloperidol(n=20), respectively, everyday for 12 weeks. To examine the effects of these drugs on body weight and fasting glucose levels, we measured body weight and glucose levels of all the patients first without the drug treatment and at each end of 4, 8, and 12-week periods with the treatment. And we examined the differences among three groups in the changes of body weight and fasting glucose levels. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the changes of the body weight and fasting glucose levels between the atypical antipsychotics(risperidone or clozapine) and the typical antipsychotics(haloperidol). CONCLUSION: The study in the patients with chronic schizophrenia suggests that risperidone or clozapine do not cause any additional effects on body weight or glucose levels compared to haloperidol.
Body Weight* ; Clozapine* ; Fasting ; Glucose* ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Risperidone* ; Schizophrenia* ; Seoul ; Weight Gain

To build and to manipulate clinical data in one of the important works in the hospital. In order to accurately append the data and to quickly find and display the informations as the user need, we developed a software program running on the personal computer. Our system largely consists of four parts; registration of the clinical and departmental data, retrieving tool of articles in the medical journal, collection of special data for clinical survey and display system of the various reports. In our experiences, we consider the key factors for systemic management of clinical rearch data base as the follows; work analysis for data processing, design of data base, coding and classification of basic data and technique of registeration. Of these standarized coding system of the orthopedic diseases appeare to be of it most importance.
Classification ; Clinical Coding ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Orthopedics ; Running

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital*

Juvenile retinoschisis is a vitreoretinal dystrophy with X-linked recessive mode of transmission that shows microcystic degeneration of the macula associated with splitting of the sensory retina, predominantly within the nerve fiber layer. We experienced X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, in four borthers within a family in which were the onset of visual disturbance between second decades and third decades, and all showed maculopathy, RPE atrophy, vitreous veils extended to vitreous, partial optic atrophy, specific electroretinographic findings.
Atrophy ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Optic Atrophy ; Retina ; Retinoschisis* ; Siblings*

Purpose: To investigate the resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis which is one of the causative strains of endophthalmitis to three fluoroquinolone drugs, the quinolone resistance gene mutation patterns, and the presence of virulence factor genes. Methods: Between April 1, 2014, and January 16, 2018, 416 eyes of 208 patients undergoing cataract surgery, intravitreal injection, or vitrectomy were examined to identify conjunctival commensals. Patients with infective keratitis and infective endophthalmitis were also examined for the presence of E. faecalis. Before the procedure and surgery, samples for identification of conjunctival commensals were collected from the lower conjunctival sac of both eyes. In addition, corneal and vitreous specimens were collected from patients with keratitis and endophthalmitis, respectively. E. faecalis isolated by culturing the samples was tested for drug susceptibility, the presence of gene sequence mutations, and virulence factor genes. Results: In total, 342 strains were identified in samples from the conjunctiva and included six isolates of E. faecalis. The study was conducted with a total of 16 isolates of E. faecalis, including two from cases of keratitis and eight from cases of endophthalmitis. Six of the 16 strains (37.5%) were resistant to quinolone antibiotics. Point mutations were detected mainly in gyrA and parC. The virulence factors esp, efba, asa1, ace, cylA, and gelE were present in the strains and showed no differences between the quinolone-resistant and quinolone-sensitive strains. Gelatinase activity test was negative for all strains. Conclusions The resistance rate of enterococcal clinical isolates identified in the ocular area was 37.5%. The increase in resistance to quinolone antibiotics seems to be related to the presence of mutations in gyrA and parC genes. E. faecalis identified in the eye is thought to possess the virulence factors genes esp, efba, asa1, ace, cylA, and gelE.

Fatal complications including cerebral edema and neurologic collapse occur during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA). A 6-week-old female infant with fever, dehydration and drowsy mental status was diagnosed as DKA and neurologically deteriorated during treatment. The cranial computed tomography scan revealed multifocal brain infarctions of the left caudate nucleus, bilateral frontal periventricular white matter, and right parietal cortex. A moderate amount of hemorrhage was also noted in both lateral ventricles. She recovered rapidly with supportive treatment over time. The clinical course and radiologic findings of this patient emphasize the importance of brain infarction as a cause of persistent neurologic loss in children with DKA.
Brain Edema ; Brain Infarction* ; Brain* ; Caudate Nucleus ; Child ; Dehydration ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis* ; Female ; Fever ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lateral Ventricles ; Rabeprazole

Purpose : To evaluate the short term result of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in conjunction with vaginal hysterectomy in patients with concurrent stress incontinence and gynecological diseases. Materials and Methods: All patients (32 women) underwent the TVT procedure in conjunction with vaginal hysterectomy between June 2001 and April 2003. Preoperative histories, subjective questionnaires of the degree of incontinence, physical examinations, one hour pad tests and full urodynamic testing were evaluated. The postoperative clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction and complications were checked after 3-months. Results: Thirty-two women who met the study criteria were identified. The mean follow-up time, parity, age, operating time and length of hospital stay were 9.2 months, ranging from 3 to 18 months, 2.6, ranging from 1 to 5, 52.5 years, ranging from 40 to 68, 73 minutes, ranging from 55 to 122 minutes and 4.3 days, ranging from 3 to 9 days, respectively. From the questionnaires, 22 patients were found to be mildly incontinent, 7 moderately incontinent and 3 severely incontinent. All patients were cured of gynecological disease. All cases of mild, 5 of moderate and 2 of severe incontinence were cured. The three remaining patients improved. Twenty-eight patients were satisfied after the operation and 1 had intraoperative bladder perforation. Conclusions: The TVT procedure in conjunction with a vaginal hysterectomy for stress incontinence with other gynecologic disease is considered safe and efficacious, although a longer follow-up will be necessary to determine the long term effect.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Length of Stay ; Parity ; Patient Satisfaction ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Suburethral Slings* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; Urodynamics

No abstract available.
Leiomyosarcoma* ; Rectum*