Achondrogenesis type 2 is a lethal form of congenital skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism, decreased vertebral ossification and normal ossification of the skull. We report an autopsy case of achondrogenesis type 2 in a female fetus terminated at 29 weeks of gestation. External morphology revealed a relatively large head, short upper and lower extremities, short neck, and distended abdomen. The x-ray finding showed normal calvarial ossification, hypoplastic ilium and unossified ischium, and metaphyseal flares of the femur and tibia. Histologically, chondrocytes were large and irregular with increased vascularity.
Abdomen ; Autopsy* ; Chondrocytes ; Dwarfism ; Female ; Femur ; Fetus ; Head ; Humans ; Ilium ; Ischium ; Lower Extremity ; Neck ; Pregnancy ; Skull ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Classification*

Clear cell meningioma is a recently recognized morphologically unique entity. It shows no sex predilection, affects primarily the lumbar region, and the cerebellopontine angle. Despite its benign appearance, it may be aggressive, particularly in intracranial cases. All lesions are moderately cellular, with the exception of stromal hyalinization. The tumor consists largely of a sheet- like or somewhat lobular pattern of polygonal cells, the cytoplasm of which is clear. No close association is noted between the recurrence or the clinical outcome and factors such as mitotic activity, the PCNA index, and the DNA ploidy status. But the MIB-1 proliferation index is appreciably higher in recurrent tumors. We experienced a case of clear-cell meningioma showing a characteristic histologic finding. A 39-year-old man was admitted due to the recent onset of right-sided, facial-nerve palsy, left hemiparesis and general weakness. A CT scan of the head showed a well defined mass in the petroclival area. After surgical resection, the patient was in good condition, but 1 year later symptoms recurred. A CT scan of the head showed a huge, recurrent petroclival tumor with adhesion to the surrounding brain parenchyme.
Adult ; Brain ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Cytoplasm ; DNA ; Head ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Lumbosacral Region ; Meningioma* ; Paralysis ; Paresis ; Ploidies ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia is a distinct disease entity which causes frequent gastrointestinal bleeding. It predominantly arises at the stomach and duodenum in the upper gastrointestinal tract and cecum and ascending colon in the lower gastrointestinal tract. The general histological finding of the angiodysplasia is a submucosal vascular ectasia and tortuosity. We have experienced two cases of the intestinal angiodysplasia. The first case occurred on a jejunum in a 22-year-old woman who had anemia. The second case occurred on a sigmoid colon in a 59-year-old man who had constipation. In addition to the general histologic finding of the angiodysplasia, the microscopic findings of the first case revealed some capillary hemangioma-like areas; and in the second case, there was a marked ischemic change and the thickening of the wall.
Anemia ; Angiodysplasia* ; Capillaries ; Cecum ; Colon, Ascending ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Constipation ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Duodenum ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ; Middle Aged ; Stomach ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; Young Adult

As radiation is irradiated from various directions in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), longer treatment time than conventional treatment method is taken. In case of the patients who have problem to keep same posture for long time because of pain and injury, reducing treatment time through increased dose rate is a way for effective treatment. This study measured and found out the variation of dose and dose distribution in accordance with dose rate variation. IMRT treatment plan was set up to investigate from 5 directions - 0degrees, 72degrees, 144degrees, 216degrees, 288degrees - using ECLIPSE system (Varian, SomaVision 6.5, USA). To confirm dose and dose rate in accordance with dose rate variation, dose rate was set up as 100, 300, 500 MU/min, and dose and dose distribution were measured using ionization chamber (PTW, TN31014) and film dosimeter (EDR2, Kodak). At this time, film dosimeter was inserted into acrylic phantom, then installed to run parallel with beam's irradiating direction, 21EX-S (Varian, USA) was utilized as linear accelerator for irradiation. The measured film dosimeter was analyzed using VXR-16 (Vidar System Corporation) to confirm dose distribution.
Humans ; Particle Accelerators ; Posture

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis of any degree of severity or duration may develop necrotizing granulomatous pleuritis, a morphologic replica of the inflammatory reaction characteristic of rheumatoid synovitis and rheumatoid nodules. The principal feature is the background composed of granular, amorphous, particulate material or debris of various hues. The material is sometimes eosinophilic, sometimes more cyanophilic, or even green in the Papanicolaou stain. Within this background are elongated, fibroblast-like epithelioid cells, numerous multinucleated giant cells and degenerating leukocytes. The combination of the debris, spindle epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells in fluid is pathognomonic for rheumatoid pleuritis. We experienced a hcase of rheumatoid pleuritis showing these characteristic cytologic findings. The patient was a 63 year-old man with positive rheumatoid factor. The pleual fluid specimen revealed elongated epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells in a background of amorphous granular material.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Eosinophils ; Epithelioid Cells ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Middle Aged ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pleurisy* ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Rheumatoid Nodule ; Synovitis

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a morphologically heterogenous group of neoplasms characterized by ductal adenocarcinoma with extensive squamous differentiation, a spindle-cell pattern of growth, and/or heterologous mesenchymal elements. We experienced a case of metaplastic carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration(FNA) and confirmed by radical mastectomy in a 46 year-old woman. The FNA cytologic findings included atypical squamous cells with kertinization lying singly and in clusters in a necrotic background. In addition, scattered spindle cells with pleomorphic large nuclei and prominent nucleoli were present in a hemorrhagic and necrotic background. The histopathologic findings showed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and highly pleomorphic sarcoma with chondroid component. The immunohistochemical stain revealed focal positive reaction for cytokeratin as well as diffuse reactivity for vimentin in the sarcomatous area.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinosarcoma ; Deception ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Sarcoma ; Vimentin

PURPOSE: To assess, by means of CT-pathologic correlation, the ability of CT to detect hepatic VX-2 carcinomas in rabbits, and to determine the factors influencing the sensitivity of tumor detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By means of direct portal inoculation, VX-2 carcinomas were implanted in the liver of eight rabbits after laparotomy. Two weeks later, dual-phase spiral CT scanning was performed using scan parameters of 3-mm collimation and reconstruction intervals of 1 mm and 3 mm. Radiologic-pathologic correlation involved the comparison of CT images and pathologic slices. The sensitivity and positive predictive value with which each technique detected the presence of tumors were calculated. RESULTS: Using pathologic slices, 2-40 (mean, 9.1) mm in size, 65 tumor nodules were detected. Overall sensitivity and the positive predictive value were 63% and 73%, respectively. Sensitivities for tumors of 2-5 mm and 6-10 mm were 28% and 79%, respectively. For images reconstructed with a 1-mm interval, sensitivity was significantly higher than that where a 3-mm interval was used (79% vs. 46%), but sensitivities for arterial and portal-phase imaging were not significantly different. Among small tumors (< or = 10 mm), 63% (12/19) showed strong enhancement at arterial-phase imaging. Regarding tumor detection, inter-observer concordance between the three radiologists was excellent for portal-phase images (k=0.86 and 0.83 for 1 mm and 3 mm reconstruction intervals, respectively), and good for arterial-phase images (k=0.77 and 0.73 for 1 mm and 3 mm reconstruction intervals, respectively. CONCLUSION: Even where dual-phase scanning with 3-mm collimation is used, spiral CT is limited in its ability to detect tumors 5 mm or less in diameter, though overlapping reconstruction improves the sensitivity with which those of 6-10 mm are detected. In the evaluation of arterial-phase images obtained at contrast-enhanced dual-phase imaging, special attention should be given to small hyper-attenuating nodules.
Animals ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Rabbits ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

To evaluate the clinical utility of Tc-99m MIBI scan in the detection of residual thyroid tissue or metastatic lesion in postoperative thyroid cancer patients, we compared Tc-99m MIBI scan with I-131 diagnostic and therapeutic scan in 30 postoperative well-differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Thyroglobulin levels of both on and off thyroid hormone medication and antithyroglobulin antibody were tested [Tg(on), Tg(off)l Positive rates for I-131 diagnostic and Tc-99m MIBI scan were 81% and 68% respectively. Concordance between I-131 diagnostic and Tc-99m MIBI scan was observed in 15 cases; 12 positive and 3 negative respectively Among the 6 cases with negative I-131 diagnostic scan and positive Tc-99m MIBI scan, 4 were positive in the therapeutic I-131 scan. We concluded that Tc-99m MIBI scan maybe a useful complementary modality to the currently established method of I131 scan and serum thyroglobulin level in the detection of recurrent or metastatic thyroid cancer, especially in the case of negative I-131 diagnostic scan.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Histocompatibility Antigens* ; Histocompatibility* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidney* ; Survival Rate* ; Transplants*