No abstract available.
Scimitar Syndrome*

PURPOSE: We applied lateral lithotomy position to the severe ureteral stricture cases supposed to fail with only retrograde approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 1997 to April 1999, 13 patients with severe ureteral stricture (lenghth>2cm or complete obstruction) supposed to fail with only retrograde approach and one patient with study. The causes of ureteral strictures were pelvic malignancy in 5, tuberculosis in 4, trauma in 2 and others in 2. The patient's ipsilateral shoulder was rotated and fixed like lateral position. And ipsilateral pelvis was elevated with sandbag or pad and rotated about 45 degrees, too. The retrograde approach was tried at first, if fail, antegrade approach was combined. RESULTS: We could insert ureteral stent via retrograde approach only in 3 patients and we needed aid of antegrade approach for passage through ureteral stricture in the other 11 patients (79%). Percutaneous antegrade approaches were combined in those 11 patients and we could pass the guide wire and indwell the stent in 10 of 11 patients (91%) using this position. CONCLUSIONS: The lateral lithotomy position was very helpful to the simultaneous retrograde and antegrade approach in severe fibrotic or malignant ureteral strictures.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Shoulder ; Stents ; Tuberculosis ; Ureter*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins* ; Rats* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder*

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Influenza virus are the most common pathogen for causing severe upper respiratory infection in all age groups. A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been developed to detect and subtype influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1), B virus and RSV simultaneously in one tube reaction. Amplification with primers derived from conserved sequences within the nucleocapsid for RSV and hemagglutinin subunit for Influenza A (H3N2 and H1N1) and B viruses yielded a 384 bp, a 300 bp, a 236 bp and a 151 bp, respectively. Assay specificity was confirmed by pulse field gel electrophoresis and autosequencing method. Assay sensitivity was 3 PFU/ml of RSV, 22 PFU/ml, 45 PFU/ml of Influenza type A (H3N2 and H1N1) and 6.6 PFU/ml of Influenza B virus by plaque assay. A rapid and sensitive detection method of a one-tube with multiplex RT-PCR capable of identifying more than one viral template as well as synchronizing reverse transcription and PCR had the potential to produce considerable savings of time and cost effectiveness in the diagnostic laboratory.
Conserved Sequence ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Electrophoresis ; Hemagglutinins ; Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine ; Humans* ; Income ; Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human* ; Nucleocapsid ; Orthomyxoviridae* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human* ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Reverse Transcription* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The world has been facing a tremendous threat for more than 1 year by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, it is necessary to be aware of the characteristics and symptoms of COVID-19 in order to prevent the COVID-19 spread. Common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, shortness of breath, headache and various types of pneumonia. Recently, smell loss has been extensively reported in COVID-19 patients. They experience this before other general symptoms or smell loss can be their only symptom. These types of patients may be neglected and a potential source for viral spread. Thus, screening tests of COVID-19 should be considered if patients have smell loss without any other nasal symptoms. Even though the recovery rate of smell loss in COVID-19 is relatively high, there are unmet needs for further studies including the mechanism of olfactory dysfunction, proper treatment and long-term recovery in COVID-19.

PURPOSE: Prostaglandin levels in the urinary bladder can be affected by lesions of the bladder.Also, this change can be noted in the urine. This study investigated the change in urinary prostaglandin in female patients with overactive bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups included 80 female patients with overactive bladder and 15 healthy female controls. Evaluation included history taking, urinalysis, voiding diary and urodynamics. The urinary concentrations of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and prostaglandin F2alpha(PGF2alpha) in voided urine were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and these results were compared with the control group. RESULTS: From an analysis of the voiding history, the most common complaint was urgency. Also, the capacity for first voiding sense and maximal capacity were decreased in patients from the urodynamic study. Bladder instabilities were noted in 29 patients. The urinary concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2alpha were significantly increased in the patient group compared with the control group. PGE2 level in patients was proportional to the capacity for first voiding sense and maximal capacity. However, PGF2alpha was not correlated with clinical symptoms or measurements in urodynamic studies. CONCLUSIONS: PGE2 and PGF2alpha may play a role in lower urinary tract symptoms, and their changes can be detected in urine sample. Therefore, changes in urinary prostaglandin level may be a useful marker to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms.
Dinoprost ; Dinoprostone ; Female* ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Prostaglandins ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive* ; Urinary Tract ; Urodynamics

The coronary arteries are also subject to congenital anomalies of both minor and major consequence. Hemodynamically significant primary anomalies of the coronary arteries are those which alter myocardial perfusion. There are four major types : coronary artery fistula, origin of the left voronary artery from the pulmonary artery, congenital coronary stenosis or atresia and origin of the left or right coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva with subsequent passage of the vessel between the aorta and right ventricular infundibulum. Minor anomlies are the variation of the origin of the coronary arteries from the aorta with normal distal circulation. We can see more coronary anomalies associated with congenital cardiac anomalies, probably representing a circulatory response to the primary intracardiac defect. We present a total of 76 cases of congenital coronary anomalies, reviewing 3946 cases of angiocardiography or selective coronary arteriography, performed during last 8 years at Sejong General Hospital.
Angiocardiography ; Angiography ; Aorta ; Arteries ; Coronary Stenosis ; Coronary Vessels* ; Fistula ; Hospitals, General ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Artery ; Sinus of Valsalva