Using Littmann's method for correcting the magnification of central fundus photographs, we evaluated the color photographs of 195 optic discs to measure the diameter and area of the optic disc. Minimal disc diameter ranged from 1.30mm to 2.53mm(mean 1.81mm) and maximal diameter from 1.53mm to 3.08mm(mean 2.04mm). Mean optic disc area measured 2.93mm2(minimum 1.63mm2, maximum 5.53mm2). The correlation coefficients between the refractive diopter of right eye and the disc diameter of right eye were 0.34 and between the refractive diopter of left eye and the disc diameter were 0.42. The correlation coefficients between the disc area and the refractive diopter were 0.43. There was no statistically significant difference in each optic disc diameter. Regarding the Gaussian distribution curve based on these preliminary data, microdiscs can be defined as being smaller than 1.57mm2(mean minus two standard deviations) and macrodiscs as being larger than 429mm2(mean plus two standard deviations).

This study was performed to observe the elementary body and initial body in the cultured conjuntival epithelial cell, which was co-cultures with Chlamydia trachomatis serotype-D. Following 3 weeks of cultivation of the rabbit conjuntival epithelial cell, Chlamydia trachomatis seretype-D was inoculated into the epithelial cells and co-cultured for 24, 48, and 96 hours respectively. The infected conjunctival epithelial cells was stained with fluorescence-conjugated chlamydial antibody and iodine staining. Regardless of the duration of the cocultivation time, the cultured conjunctival cells showed the positive reaction to immunofluorescent staining and iodine staining. These results indicate that Chlamydia trachomatis can be cultured in the cultured conjuntival epothelial cell of rabbit and iodine staining is a good alternative to the immunofluorescent method.
Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; Coculture Techniques ; Epithelial Cells ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Inclusion Bodies ; Iodine

Authors have experienced 27 cases of traumatic hyphemas in our department for recent years. All the patients was taken systemic administration of Diamox as ocular hypotensives, prednisolone as anti-inflammatory agent and hemostatics, and antihistaminics for neutralize the histamin like substance which may emerge after vascular injury by trauma, without any surgical procedures or other medication. The result of treatment satisfactory as hyphemas were absorbed clerly within short period without any complication and visual deterioration.
Acetazolamide ; Hemostatics ; Humans ; Hyphema* ; Prednisolone ; Vascular System Injuries

This study was undertaken in an attempt to localize fibronectin and collagen type IV to the cultured retinal pigment epithelial cell by means of immunofluorescent staining and immunocytochemrcal method. Immunofluorescent staining and immunocytochemical methcds revealed fibronectin and collagen type IV localized on the extracellular membrane of the cultured retinal pigment epithelial cell. Ultrastructural immunocytochemical technique also revealed fibronectin associated with extracellular tissue. This study demonstrated that fibronectin and collagen type IV are an integral component of the extracellular matrix of the retinal pigment epithelial cell in vitro.
Collagen Type IV ; Epithelial Cells* ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Fibronectins ; Membranes ; Retinaldehyde*

This study was performed to elucidate the cytologic characteristics of pseudomembrane, which was obtained from eight patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivltis. The predominant cells consisted of lymphocytes and degenerated epithelial cells with a few polymorphonuclear leukocytes and fibrin. Electron micrographs revealed the nuclear segregation, vermicellar body, viral microtubules, and intranuclear inclusion body. These findings suggest that the desquamated epithelial cell was infected by adenovirus.
Adenoviridae ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies ; Keratoconjunctivitis* ; Lymphocytes ; Microtubules ; Neutrophils

Various foreign implants(silicone, gel film, Mersilene and chromic cat gut) were used for cyclodialysis operation on rabbit eyes. We observed the changes of intraocular pressures, inflammatory state and course of complicated hyphema in these eyes for six weeks. Each eye was removed four to six weeks after the operation for histopathologic studies. On slit lamp biomicroscopy, hyphema was subsided within seven to ten days. Intraocular pressures were so inconsistent that we could not get any contributory informations from them. Histopathologic findings revealed much differences according to the foreign implants applied; Inflammatory reaction was severe in chromic cat gut inserted group, moderate in Mersilene and gel mm inserted group, and mild in silicone inserted group. Foreign body reaction was most marked in Mersilene inserted group and less marked in chromic cat gut, gel film and silicone inserted group. Silicone was not absorbable, and chromic cat gut and Mersilene were hardly absorbable in contrast to easy absorption of gel film. Suprachoroidal space was remained open in silicone inserted group during the period of observation. The space was equivocal in gel film and Mersilene inserted group and completely closed in chromic cat gut inserted group. According to the above histopathologic findings, silicone was the best one as an implant for cyclodialysis operation in rabbit eyes.
Absorption ; Animals ; Cats ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits* ; Silicones

The whole retina, except for the medullary fiber zone in a rabbit eye, is supplied by choroidal circulation. Therefore, the histopathological changes of the sensory retina due to choroidal circulatory disturbance in rabbits may be comparable to that of the human sensory retina in the case of ophthalmic artery occlusion. This study was carried out to evaluate the histopathological changes of the ischemic retina secondary to the occlusion of choroidal circulation. The experimental occlusion of all posterior ciliary arteries and anterior ciliary arteries in the horizontal rectus muscle of rabbit eyes was performed and the subsequent histopathological changes of the sensory retina were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The morphological changes of the sensory retina following the occlusion of the ciliary arterial system are as follows: severe loss of the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptor, mild to moderate degeneration of the ganglion cells, and excellent preservation of the Muller's cell fibers and the extension of the cytoplasmic villous processes to the cytoplasmic vacuolar spaces of other degenerated cells. These findings indicate that the Muller's fibers in the ischemic condition of retina might contribute to the formation of gliosis or scarring of a damaged retina.
Animals ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/*complications ; Arteries ; Choroid/*blood supply ; Ciliary Body/*blood supply ; Ischemia/*etiology/pathology ; Rabbits ; Retina/*ultrastructure ; *Retinal Vessels

A 68-year-old female was referred to our ophthalmologic department due to pain, redness and decreased vision of the left eye. She had saddle nose deformity and erythematous swelling and deformity on right anricle. Both eyes represented recurring conjunctival injection and chemosis, episcleral injection, and anterior uveitis on follow-up examinations. Left eye showed proptosis and limitation of eyeball movement with acute increase of IOP. The fluorescein angiography showed the choroidal folds which were seen as alternating lines of hyper- and hypofluorescence. B-scan ultrasonograms showed thickening of posterior coats of eye and retrobulbar edema, which seemed to be critical in the diagnosis of the posterior scleritis.
Aged ; Choroid ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nose ; Polychondritis, Relapsing* ; Scleritis* ; Ultrasonography ; Uveitis, Anterior

A 68-year-old female was referred to our ophthalmologic department due to pain, redness and decreased vision of the left eye. She had saddle nose deformity and erythematous swelling and deformity on right anricle. Both eyes represented recurring conjunctival injection and chemosis, episcleral injection, and anterior uveitis on follow-up examinations. Left eye showed proptosis and limitation of eyeball movement with acute increase of IOP. The fluorescein angiography showed the choroidal folds which were seen as alternating lines of hyper- and hypofluorescence. B-scan ultrasonograms showed thickening of posterior coats of eye and retrobulbar edema, which seemed to be critical in the diagnosis of the posterior scleritis.
Aged ; Choroid ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nose ; Polychondritis, Relapsing* ; Scleritis* ; Ultrasonography ; Uveitis, Anterior

Serpiginous choroiditis is a chronic. progressive, recurrent, and usually bilateral disease involving the choriocapillaris, retinal pigment epithelium, and retina. This disease classically involves the juxtapapillary retina and extends outward in a pseudopodial fashion. We report a case of serpiginous choroiditis beginning in the posterior pole without initial peripapillary lesion, and extending toward the optic disc. The fluorescein angiogram of the lesion showed hypofluorescence in the early phase and hyperfluorescence in the late phase, and the progression of the lesion with time.
Choroid* ; Choroiditis* ; Fluorescein ; Retina ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium