To examine prospectively the efficacy and reliability of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. we treated 147 eyes of 86 patients with a VisX Twenty/Twenty excimer laser and followed them up for 1 year and follow up 48 eyes of 26 patients for 2 years. The patients were divided into two groups with preoperative myopia: group 1 with diopters between -1.50 and -6.00, group 2 with diopters between -6.01 and -10.00. At 1 year, the group 1 with a mean preoperative refractive error of -4.61D changed to -0.40D, the group 2 changed from -7.50D to -0.92D. At 2 years, the group 1 with a mean preoperative refractive error of -4.28D changed to -0.41D, the group 2 changed from -7.75D to -1.04D. At 1 yera, in group 1, 90.91% (70 of 77) of eyes and in group 2, 64.29%(45 of 70) of eyes were corrected within 1D of intended refraction,respectively. At 1 years, in group 1, 94.81% (73 of 77) of eyes and in group 2, 84.29%(59 of 70) of eyes achieved an uncorrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better. And at 2 years, in group 1, 81.82% (18 of 22)of eyes, and in group 2, 50.00% (13 of 26) of eyes were corrected within 1D of intended refraction, respectively. At 2 years, in group 1, 95.50% (21% of 22) of eyes and in group 2, 84.62%(22 of 26) of eyes achieved an uncorrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Prospective Studies ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

The patients initially underwent epikeratoplasty for keratoconus but a penetrating kerato plasty was required due to the opacity in the cornea. By using of this specimen, which was obtained by trephination the healing process of the host-Ienticule cornea could be examined by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence method. Epithelial ingrowth over the lenticule was well formed by the regeneration of the basement membrane over the Bowman's membrane. However, the poor attachment of the lenticule over the host corneal stroma made the interface easily separated during the sectioning processes. Electron microscopic study revealed the keratocytes in the lenticule stroma vacuolized with large number of degenerated microorganelles. These results suggest that it may take a long time to complete the wound healing of the host-Ienticule interface despite the epithelial ingrowth onto the lenticule was well formed.
Basement Membrane ; Bowman Membrane ; Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Epikeratophakia* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Keratoconus ; Microscopy, Electron ; Regeneration ; Trephining ; Wound Healing

The choroidal vascular system in human eyes has been studied in flat preparation and fluorescein angiography to elucidate the choroidal circulation in normal and in disease state. The histopathologic studies were performed in view of vascular interconnection, regional differences, choriocapillaris pattern, and drusen and hole in Bruch's membrane. The interarterial and intervenous communications are demonstrated. The short posterior ciliary artery angulates around the disc margin and makes an anastomosis between surrounding short posterior ciliary artery. The segment of the choriocapillaris is supplied by a central terminal arterioles and drained by a venule at its margin. The thickened cuticular layer of Bruch's membrane may be associated with sclerosis of the choriocapillaris. Holes in the Bruch's membrane may contribute to invasion of the choroidal vessel into the subretinal space leading to subretinal neovascularization. Based on fluorescein angiography, a segmental supplies by short posterior ciliary artery, peripapillary choroidal arterial system, peripapillary choroidal filling pattern and vasculitis of the choroid have been worked out.
Arterioles ; Bruch Membrane ; Choroid* ; Ciliary Arteries ; Equipment and Supplies ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Sclerosis ; Vasculitis ; Venules

The choroidal vascular system in human eyes has been studied in flat preparation and fluorescein angiography to elucidate the choroidal circulation in normal and in disease state. The histopathologic studies were performed in view of vascular interconnection, regional differences, choriocapillaris pattern, and drusen and hole in Bruch's membrane. The interarterial and intervenous communications are demonstrated. The short posterior ciliary artery angulates around the disc margin and makes an anastomosis between surrounding short posterior ciliary artery. The segment of the choriocapillaris is supplied by a central terminal arterioles and drained by a venule at its margin. The thickened cuticular layer of Bruch's membrane may be associated with sclerosis of the choriocapillaris. Holes in the Bruch's membrane may contribute to invasion of the choroidal vessel into the subretinal space leading to subretinal neovascularization. Based on fluorescein angiography, a segmental supplies by short posterior ciliary artery, peripapillary choroidal arterial system, peripapillary choroidal filling pattern and vasculitis of the choroid have been worked out.
Arterioles ; Bruch Membrane ; Choroid* ; Ciliary Arteries ; Equipment and Supplies ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Sclerosis ; Vasculitis ; Venules

The retinal and choroidal blood vessels respond independently to the abruptly increased arterial pressure due to their differences in the anatomic and physiologic properties, which induce hypertensive retinopathy and hypertensive choroidopathy respectively. The authors reviewed the fluorescein angiogram retrospectively to observe the ischemic changes of the choroid in 15 cases of hypertensive choroidopathy. The ischemic changes of the choroid in hypertensive choroidopathy were characterized by generalized or sectorial filling delay which was followed by staining or leakage of dye. These findings suggest that the choroidal circulation may lead to the sectorial and generalized ischemic conditions following the abruptly increased arterial pressure due to their differences in the anatomic structures. The fluorescein angiographic findings in the hypertensive choroidopathy depend on both the degree of the circulatory disturbance and the levels of the affected choroidal vessels.
Arterial Pressure ; Blood Vessels ; Choroid ; Fluorescein Angiography* ; Fluorescein* ; Hypertensive Retinopathy ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies

The Amsler grid has become important in the evaluation of the 10 degrees of visual field surrounding fixation. Twenty three patients(23 eyes) of macular and optic nerve lesions were surveyed with Amsler grid. Blurred vision and spot in the field were the most frequent first symptoms reported by patients. The test was simple, inexpensive and time sparing. The test was clinically very useful in detecting and following macular and optic nerve lesions.
Humans ; Optic Nerve* ; Visual Fields

Various foreign implants(silicone, gel film, Mersilene and chromic cat gut) were used for cyclodialysis operation on rabbit eyes. We observed the changes of intraocular pressures, inflammatory state and course of complicated hyphema in these eyes for six weeks. Each eye was removed four to six weeks after the operation for histopathologic studies. On slit lamp biomicroscopy, hyphema was subsided within seven to ten days. Intraocular pressures were so inconsistent that we could not get any contributory informations from them. Histopathologic findings revealed much differences according to the foreign implants applied; Inflammatory reaction was severe in chromic cat gut inserted group, moderate in Mersilene and gel mm inserted group, and mild in silicone inserted group. Foreign body reaction was most marked in Mersilene inserted group and less marked in chromic cat gut, gel film and silicone inserted group. Silicone was not absorbable, and chromic cat gut and Mersilene were hardly absorbable in contrast to easy absorption of gel film. Suprachoroidal space was remained open in silicone inserted group during the period of observation. The space was equivocal in gel film and Mersilene inserted group and completely closed in chromic cat gut inserted group. According to the above histopathologic findings, silicone was the best one as an implant for cyclodialysis operation in rabbit eyes.
Absorption ; Animals ; Cats ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Rabbits* ; Silicones

The whole retina, except for the medullary fiber zone in a rabbit eye, is supplied by choroidal circulation. Therefore, the histopathological changes of the sensory retina due to choroidal circulatory disturbance in rabbits may be comparable to that of the human sensory retina in the case of ophthalmic artery occlusion. This study was carried out to evaluate the histopathological changes of the ischemic retina secondary to the occlusion of choroidal circulation. The experimental occlusion of all posterior ciliary arteries and anterior ciliary arteries in the horizontal rectus muscle of rabbit eyes was performed and the subsequent histopathological changes of the sensory retina were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The morphological changes of the sensory retina following the occlusion of the ciliary arterial system are as follows: severe loss of the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptor, mild to moderate degeneration of the ganglion cells, and excellent preservation of the Muller's cell fibers and the extension of the cytoplasmic villous processes to the cytoplasmic vacuolar spaces of other degenerated cells. These findings indicate that the Muller's fibers in the ischemic condition of retina might contribute to the formation of gliosis or scarring of a damaged retina.
Animals ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/*complications ; Arteries ; Choroid/*blood supply ; Ciliary Body/*blood supply ; Ischemia/*etiology/pathology ; Rabbits ; Retina/*ultrastructure ; *Retinal Vessels

A 68-year-old female was referred to our ophthalmologic department due to pain, redness and decreased vision of the left eye. She had saddle nose deformity and erythematous swelling and deformity on right anricle. Both eyes represented recurring conjunctival injection and chemosis, episcleral injection, and anterior uveitis on follow-up examinations. Left eye showed proptosis and limitation of eyeball movement with acute increase of IOP. The fluorescein angiography showed the choroidal folds which were seen as alternating lines of hyper- and hypofluorescence. B-scan ultrasonograms showed thickening of posterior coats of eye and retrobulbar edema, which seemed to be critical in the diagnosis of the posterior scleritis.
Aged ; Choroid ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nose ; Polychondritis, Relapsing* ; Scleritis* ; Ultrasonography ; Uveitis, Anterior

A 68-year-old female was referred to our ophthalmologic department due to pain, redness and decreased vision of the left eye. She had saddle nose deformity and erythematous swelling and deformity on right anricle. Both eyes represented recurring conjunctival injection and chemosis, episcleral injection, and anterior uveitis on follow-up examinations. Left eye showed proptosis and limitation of eyeball movement with acute increase of IOP. The fluorescein angiography showed the choroidal folds which were seen as alternating lines of hyper- and hypofluorescence. B-scan ultrasonograms showed thickening of posterior coats of eye and retrobulbar edema, which seemed to be critical in the diagnosis of the posterior scleritis.
Aged ; Choroid ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nose ; Polychondritis, Relapsing* ; Scleritis* ; Ultrasonography ; Uveitis, Anterior