BACKGROUND: Various surgical techniques are used for the cure of hemorrhoid according to the extent of disease and severity of symptom. Purpose : We compared the postoperative clinical course after submucosal hemorrhoidectomy and ligation and excision of hemorrhoids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between February 1995 and May 1997, 221 patients underwent submucosal hemorrhoidectomy and 111 patients underwent ligation and excision of hemorrhoids at the Department of Surgery, Eulji General Hospital. We compared the hospital course and postoperative complications in two group. RESULTS: For submucosal hemorrhoidectomy group, mean operation time was 38 minutes, the improvement of postoperative pain, is based on no needs of analgesics after 48 hours of postoperation, was seen in 115 patients(52.0%), wound healing took 19.5 days in average, and mean hospital stay was 6.4 days. For ligation and excision group, these findings were mean operation time 21 minutes, the improvement of postoperative pain in 47 patients(42.3%), wound healing 25.4 days, and hospital stay 7.2 days. Postoperative complications such as skin tag, edema, and were more common in submucosal hemorrhoidectomy group. But anal fissure, stenosis were more frequent in ligation and excision group, although they did not occur later. CONCLUSION: We think that submucosal hemorrhoidectomy is a better method than ligation and excision in respect of postoperative course and complications.
Analgesics ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Edema ; Fissure in Ano ; Hemorrhoidectomy ; Hemorrhoids* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Ligation ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Complications ; Skin ; Wound Healing

In order to identify the relationship between the patient's age and the presence of another disease, and the postoperative complications and mortality, we reviewed the medical records of 6156 patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, Dae Jeon Eul Ji General Hospital, during the period from January 1991 through December 1995. There were 1546 geriatric patients(>65 years of age) and 4610 adult patients (age between 16 and 64). Six hundred sixty-five patients (43%) in the geriatric group had one or more concurrent diseases preoperatively, whereas 1127 patients (24.4%) in adult group did. Postoperative complications were more frequent in the geriatric group: 21.6% (310 patients) in the geriatric group vs 15.2%(217 patients) in the adult group. Geriatric patients who had more than one concurrent disease and who underwent an emergency operation showed a higher postoperative complication rate than those who had only one concurrent disease and who underwent elective surgery. The postoperative mortality was also higher in the geriatric group: 3.8%(48 patients) in the geriatric group vs 0.7% (32 patients) in the adult group. The most frequent cause of postoperative death in the geriatric group was sepsis. The geriatric patients who had a concurrent disease account for 16.4% of postoperative complications and 1.5% of the mortalities, whereas those who did not have any concurrent disease account for 2.67% and 0.2%, respectively. Among 1127 adult patients who had a concurrent disease, 124 (11.0%) had postoperative complications and 24 (2.2%) died postoperatively. In conclusion, the elderly patients more frequently had one or more concurrent diseases, and these patients had higher postoperative complication and mortality rates, especially after emergency operations. Accordingly, it is crucial for the surgeon to completely evaluate and manage any concurrent diseases in elderly patients preoperatively.
Adult ; Aged ; Daejeon ; Emergencies ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Sepsis

OBJECTIVES: The dopamine-blocking effects and the associated side effects(amenorrhea, lactation, sexual dysfunct of classical antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients have been studied for a long time. The purpose of this study to find out these effects of new antipsychotics(risperidone, olanzapine) in schizophrenic patients treated with clinical relevant doses. METHOD: Plasma levels of both prolactin and testosterone were measured in 91 schizophrenic patients(28 taking haloperidol, 4-20mg/day ; 31 taking risperidone, 2-6mg/day/ 32 taking olanzapine, 5-20mg/day). RESULTS: In male schizophrenic patients, the prolactin levels of risperidone group(76.44+/-38.85ng/ml) and haloperidol group(60.26+/-20.74ng/ml) had no significant difference, but were significantly higher than that of olanzapine(26.90+/-5.36ng/ml). In female, the prolactin level of olanzapine group(36.66+/-17.55) was significantly lower than those of risperidone(121.7+/-.33) and haloperidol group(161.66+/-37.53). And prolactin level of risperdone group was lower than that of haloperidol group. While the testosterone plasma level of risperidone, haloperidol and olanzapine in both male and female schizophrenic patients had no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: At doses known to be effective in popular clinical setting, prolactin level in patients taking risperidone we higher than that of haloperidol, while olanzapine showed no significant difference in terms of prolactin plasma level haloperidol. New antipsychotics may not influence the testosterone plasma level.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Female ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Lactation ; Male ; Plasma ; Prolactin* ; Risperidone ; Testosterone*

No abstract available.
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

MR imaging was performed in 40 patients of aortic disease from March 1988 to February 1990. Transverse, coronal and oblique sagital views were obtained with ECG gating and even echo technique using 0.5 T and 2.0 T MR systems. In 12 patients of aortic aneurysm, the location, the size and the extent of aneurysm could be assessed in all cases. In the cases of six abdominal aortic aneurysm, the relation of aneurysm to renal arteries was evaluated. In 18 cases of aortic dissection, the extent of involvement as well as associated abnormalities was well evaluated in all cases. In the 8 cases of congenital aortic anomalies, the vascular anatomy was well demonstrated. However, the abnormalities of major branches could not be assessed with MR imaging especially in 2 cases of Takayasu's arteritis. With our experiences, MR imaging is regarded as a primary diagnostic modality for aortic disease and expected to be developed as the alternative measure to the angiography in the future.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Aortic Diseases* ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Renal Artery ; Takayasu Arteritis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness and limitations of power Doppler sonography in determining the tumor vascularity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Power Doppler sonography was performed on VX2 carcinomas present in rabbit thighs, and the findings were compared with those of microangiography in an almost identical plane. Tumor vascularity was qualitatively analysed on the basis of tumor vessel distribution and density, and the presence of thick and thin vesels ; for a comparison of tumor vascularity as seen on microangiography, tumor blood flow signals shown by power Doppler sonography were graded 3, 2, 1, 0. For quantitative analysis, a comparison was made of the percentage of tumor area occupied by vessels, as shown in each study. Data analysis utilized the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman correlation test. RESULTS: Mean tumor vascularity scores, as seen on power Doppler sonography and relating to tumor vessel distribution and density, and the presence of thick and thin vessels, were 2.87, 2.73, 2.93 and 2.73, respectively. The means and medians of the percentages of tumor area occupied by vessels were 22.7% & 23.5% and 36.4% & 34.7% on microangiography and power Doppler sonography, respectively. Thus, there was good correlation between these two modes. CONCLUSION: Power doppler sonography could demonstrate the tumor vascularity on microangiography relatively well but tend to overestimate it.
Neoplasms, Experimental ; Statistics as Topic ; Thigh

From June 1990 to December 1998, 792 kidney transplantations were performed at Asan Medical Center. 436 cases(55M) were from living-related donors, 139 cases(17.6%) were from living-unrelated donors and 217 cases(27.4%) were from cadaveric donors. The results of the trasnplantation were analyzed according to the various factors known to influence the outcome of transplantation. In living transplants, the overall patients survival rate was 98.2% at 1 year and 95.8% at 5 years, the corres-ponding allograft survival rate was 96.9 and 86.1N. In cadaveric transplants, the overall patients survival rate was 94.3% at 1 year and 94.3% at 5 years, the corresponding allograft survival rate was was 90.296 and 84.8%. In living transplants, donor age(>50yrs), recipient age(>50yrs), ABO compatability, pretrans-plant blood transfusion, diabetic history had no effect on allograft survival rate. But HLA DR cornpa-tability, serum creatinine(2.5mg/dL) at discharge and rejection history had effect on allograft survival(p<0.05). In living-related transplants, 5 year allograft survival rate was 100% at HLA identical group and 86% at HLA haplomatched group. But the statistical significance was not found(p=0.052). In cadaveric transplants, donor age(>50yrs), recipient age(>50yrs), ABO compatability, HLA DR match, diabetic history, pretransplant transfusion had no effect on allograft survival. But serum creatinine at discharge(>2.5mg/dL) and posttransplant rejection had effect on allograft survival.
Allografts ; Blood Transfusion ; Cadaver ; Chungcheongnam-do* ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: γ-Glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a well-known marker of chronic alcohol consumption or hepatobiliary diseases. A number of studies have demonstrated that serum levels of GGT are independently associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to test if serum GGT levels are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults. METHODS: A total of 462 subjects (289 men and 173 women), who visited Severance Hospital for medical checkup, were included in this study. BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cross-sectional association between serum GGT and BMD was evaluated. RESULTS: As serum GGT levels increased from the lowest tertile (tertile 1) to the highest tertile (tertile 3), BMD decreased after adjusting for confounders such as age, body mass index, amount of alcohol consumed, smoking, regular exercise, postmenopausal state (in women), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. A multiple linear regression analysis showed a negative association between log-transformed serum GGT levels and BMD. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, tertile 3 of serum GGT level was associated with an increased risk for low bone mass compared to tertile 1 (odds ratio, 2.271; 95% confidence interval, 1.340 to 3.850; P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Serum GGT level was inversely associated with BMD in Korean adults. Further study is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanism of the inverse relationship.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking* ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertension ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Transferases*

No abstract available.
Gardnerella vaginalis* ; Gardnerella*

BACKGROUND: Normal cell proliferation and viability is strongly depends on the availability of metabolic energy and the maintenance of the appropriate adenylate-nucleotide pools. Hypothetically, changes in adenylate kinase (AK) expression could therefore be associated with adaptation to altered growth characteristics or inversely altered growth characteristics of proliferating cells could drive the changes in the metabolic profile. This study investigated whether the expression of either AK1 or a Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenylate kinase mutant which has the same catalytic activity of AK1 could affect the growth rate of slow-growing BCG. METHOD: Recombinant BCGs, which were cloned the human muscle-type adenylate kinase synthetic gene (AK1) and adenylate kinase mutation gene (AKmtDM) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis into the Mycobacterium/E.coli expression vectors, were constructed. Recombinant BCGs and wild-type BCG were cultured in 7H9 media and the optical density at 600nm was measured at intervals of 2-3 days. RESULT: There wasn't the growth rate change induced by AK1 or AKmtDM expression in recombinant BCGs. CONCLUSION: The expression of AK1 or Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenylate kinase mutant in BCG does not affect the growth rate of BCG.
Adenylate Kinase* ; Cell Proliferation ; Clone Cells* ; Genes, Synthetic* ; Humans* ; Metabolome ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium*