No abstract available.
Nose* ; Rhinoplasty*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pemphigus is an autoimmune bullous disease of the skin and mucous membranes. There are two major types of pemphigus, namely pemphigus vulgaris(PV) and pemphigus foliaceus(PF) which can be classified by the specificity of the autoantibodies against the epidermal desmosomal antigens in this disease. Like many other autoimmune diseases, pemphigus is also considered to be strongly associated with certain HLA alleles; some alleles can be detected with higher frequencies as compared with those found in ethnically matched populations. At this time, we tried to find out if there were certain HLA class II allele(s) associated significantly with Korean patients of pemphigus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with pemphigus (fifteen of PV and fifteen of PF), and one hundred healthy Korean controls were enrolled in this study. For the genotyping of HLA class II alleles in DRB1 loci, genomic DNAs prepared from buccal epithelia were amplified by polymerase chain reactions with nucleotide sequence-specific primers. Each allele of thirteen different generic types belonging to the DRB1 loci were used to identify the existence of each allele in both patient and control groups on gel electrophoreses. RESULTS: In PV, there was a significantly increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*01 alleles than from the findings observed in the controls(pc=0.0013, RR:5). In patients with PF, there was a significant degree of association with HLA-DRB1*01(pc=0.00013, RR:5.5) when compared with that in normal controls. However, no allele of negative association with a significantly low frequency in the patient group was detected in both types of the disease. CONCLUSION: It can be suggested that DRB1*01 alleles may be susceptibility genes in Korean patients with PV, and DRB1*01 alleles could contribute to the autoimmune reactivity in patients with PF. This data shows different patterns in the frequency of each DRB1 allele in patient groups compared with those found in patients of other ethnic backgrounds.
Alleles* ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; DNA ; Electrophoresis ; HLA-DRB1 Chains* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Pemphigus* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin

We report a case of Becker's nevus associated with smooth muscle hamartoma, in a 21-year-old male patient, which shows clinically match-head sized, flat topped, round to oval, grouped papules with hairs on the outer surface of the right arm, and microscopically reveals numerous bundles of smooth muscle fiber in the dermis.
Arm ; Dermis ; Hair ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Nevus* ; Young Adult

Transient global amnesia(TGA) is not a rare event in the elderly, which is characterized by transient inability to form the new memory traces plus retrograde amnesia with benign prognosis. The etiology is unknown, but suggested causes have included transient ischemic attack, migraine, epilepsy, brain tumor, drug intoxication, other toxic/metabolic disturbances, or hysteria. Especially, TGA associated with ischemic stroke is important on the elderly patients and necessary to be differentiated with other causes, for stroke prevention. As far as we know, the case of TGA due to cerebral infarction confirmed by brain imaging study is extremely rare in the literature. We report the case of 67 year-old female patient with typical TGA showing ischemic lesion on the right temporal area on MRI and discussed its significance as one of the cause of TGA.
Aged ; Amnesia, Retrograde ; Amnesia, Transient Global* ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebral Infarction ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Humans ; Hysteria ; Infarction* ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Migraine Disorders ; Neuroimaging ; Prognosis ; Stroke

Spinal stenosis has several types of etiology such as degenerative, spondylolisthetic and postoperative, etc. Operative management for spinal stenosis is adequate decompression and stabilization of the unstable lumbar spine created by the decompressive procedure. We analysed 52 operative cases of spinal stenosis delete from January 1994 to October 1996. The following results were obtained 1) The male and female ratio was 1:1.9 and mean age was 52.1 years old 2) Mean follow-up period was 20.3 months 3) The involved site was one level in(28)(53.9%), two level in(19)(36.5%), and three levels in(5)(9.6%) 4) For decompression method, total laminectomy combined with foraminotomy and facetectomy was employed procedure. 5) For stabilization, bilateral posterolateral fusion was performed in major damaged facet joint and transverse process. Instrumentation was combined in 61.5% delete of all cases 6) According to the criteria of Kirkaldy-willis, excellent and good results were shown in 90.6% of fused group with instrumentation and 85% of fused group without instrumentation.
Decompression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foraminotomy ; Humans ; Laminectomy ; Male ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Spine ; Zygapophyseal Joint

PURPOSE: While studies have examined microleakage in endodontically treated teeth restored with posts, microleakage among post and adhesive systems remains a concern. This study compared the sealing properties of 3 adhesively luted post systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six endodontically treated permanent maxillary central incisors were divided into 3 groups: Zirconia-glass fiber, Quartz-glass fiber, Polyethylene fiber posts. Post space was prepared and each post was adhesively luted with 3 systems. The specimens were separately immersed in freshly prepared 2% methylene blue solution for 1 week. The cleaned specimens were then embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin. The root portion of tooth were horizontally sectioned into three pieces (apical, middle, and coronal portions). An occlusal view of each section was digitally photographed with a stereomicroscope. The methylene blue-infiltrated surface for each specimen was measured. Dye penetration was estimated as the ratio of the methylene blue-infiltrated surface to the total dentin surface. RESULTS: No significant differences were found among post types. The variables of middle section and 3-stage adhesive produced significant differences in microleakage between the following post pairs: zirconia-glass fiber versus quartz-glass fiber, zirconia-glass fiber versus polyethylene fiber, and quartz-glass fiber versus polyethylene fiber (P<.05). There were significant differences between the apical and coronal sections of each post type, and between apical versus middle sections of quarze-glass fiber and polyethylene fiber posts (P<.05). CONCLUSION: No significant differences were found among post types. The 3-stage adhesive produced significant differences in microleakage between the following post pairs.
Adhesives* ; Dentin ; Incisor ; Methylene Blue ; Polyethylene ; Resin Cements ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: To report the results of secondary posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation in pediatric cataract eyes with microcornea and/or microphthalmos. METHODS: Retrospective studies were conducted by reviewing the charts of 26 eyes of 15 patients with secondary PC-IOL implantations for microcornea and/or microphthalmos associated with cataract in children between 1999 and 2002. The corneal diameter was 9.5 mm or less at the time of secondary PC-IOL implantation. Preoperative examinations were conducted for bilaterality, corneal diameter, eye abnormalities and systemic abnormalities. Postoperative results were evaluated in terms of visual developments, refractive changes, axial length measurements and the occurrence of complications. The follow-up period was at least one year after secondary PC-IOL implantation. RESULTS: Age at the first diagnosis for cataract with microcornea and/or microphthalmos was 2.7 months on average. Among 15 patients, 8 (53.3%) had a family history. All patients received an initial irrigation and aspiration, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy at 0.8 years (0.1-3.3 years) of age and a secondary PC-IOL implantation surgery at 6.7 years (1.6-17.2 years) of age on average. The postoperative follow-up period was 2.1 years (1.1-4.3 years) on average. The average power of the implanted PC-IOL was +21.2D. Postoperative complications were secondary glaucoma in two eyes, secondary pupillary membrane formation in two eyes. Best corrected visual acuities in 20 eyes in children capable of the vision test at the last follow-up were 20/60 or better in 11 eyes, 20/80 to 20/150 in eight eyes, and 20/200 or worse in one eye. CONCLUSIONS: The secondary PC-IOL implantation in pediatric cataract with microcornea and/or microphthalmos is recommended as a means of improving vision, but must be conducted carefully to avoid possible complications.
Visual Acuity ; Treatment Outcome ; Retrospective Studies ; Refraction, Ocular ; Prosthesis Design ; Microphthalmos/*complications/surgery ; *Lenses, Intraocular ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/*methods ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Humans ; Follow-Up Studies ; Corneal Diseases/*complications/surgery ; Cornea/*abnormalities/surgery ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Cataract/*complications ; Adolescent

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different surface treatment methods on the microtensile bond strength of resin cement to resin nanoceramic (RNC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNC onlays (Lava Ultimate) (n=30) were treated using air abrasion with and without a universal adhesive, or HF etching followed by a universal adhesive with and without a silane coupling agent, or tribological silica coating with and without a universal adhesive, and divided into 6 groups. Onlays were luted with resin cement to dentin surfaces. A microtensile bond strength test was performed and evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (α=.05). A nanoscratch test, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used for micromorphologic analysis (α=.05). The roughness and elemental proportion were evaluated by Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test. RESULTS: Tribological silica coating showed the highest roughness, followed by air abrasion and HF etching. After HF etching, the RNC surface presented a decrease in oxygen, silicon, and zirconium ratio with increasing carbon ratio. Air abrasion with universal adhesive showed the highest bond strength followed by tribological silica coating with universal adhesive. HF etching with universal adhesive showed the lowest bond strength. CONCLUSION: An improved understanding of the effect of surface treatment of RNC could enhance the durability of resin bonding when used for indirect restorations. When using RNC for restoration, effective and systemic surface roughening methods and an appropriate adhesive are required.
Adhesives ; Carbon ; Ceramics ; Dentin ; Inlays ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oxygen ; Resin Cements ; Silicon ; Silicon Dioxide ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Zirconium

Purpose: To investigate the induction pattern of various heat shock protein (HSP) in the optic nerve head after thermal stress using transpupillary thermotherapy and to determine the dose-response relationship of thermal stress on the induction of various HSP. Methods: The 810-nm diode laser with 50-μm spot size was aimed to the center of optic nerve head of right eye of Norway brown rats. First, the various exposure powers (100, 120, 140 mW) were used with the same exposure duration, 60 seconds, to investigate power dosing effect. Second, the various exposure durations (1, 2, 3, and 5 minutes) were applied under constant 100 mW laser power to investigate time dosing effect. Left eyes were served as controls. To quantify HSP expression, enucleation was performed at 24 hours after transpupillary thermotherapy. HSP 27 and αB-crystallin inductions in optic nerve head were examined with Western blot. Results: All type of HSP was observed in normal state. After thermal injury, the expression of HSP 27 were increased, and the αB-crystallin were decreased. Conclusions Induction pattern of each HSP in the optic nerve head were different after thermal injury. Some HSPs were induced or exhausted. Further research is needed on the characteristic functions and induction conditions of each HSP.

Although postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common chronic pain syndrome, the pathophysiology of this disorder is not well known and management is often very difficult. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists are known to be effective in PHN, and magnesium, a physiological blocker of NMDA receptors, is widely used to treat various chronic pain disorders. Here, we present a case of the PHN refractory to conventional treatment, which was treated successfully with transforaminal epidural injection of magnesium sulphate at the affected dermatome.
Chronic Pain ; Injections, Epidural ; Magnesium ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate