Abdonimal aortography and histopathologic examinatio after absolute ethanol infusion at ast (0.4cc/sec) andslow speed (0.04cc/sec) were performed on 16 rats(2 controls, 7 fast infusion groaup, 7 slow infusion group).Angiographic and histopathologic findings were correlated and the findings of slow and fast infusion groups werestudied. The rsults are as follows: 1.Histopathologic findings of the fast infusion group revealed wide area ofglomerular and tubular collapes, obliteration of the free space between the Bowmann's capsule and golmerulus,sloughing and loss of the endothelium, fresh thormbi attached to the wall, and cleavage of the muscle layer of thearteries. 2. Angiographic findings of the fast infusion group revealed luminal irregularity, early ostruction ofthe aorta and the renal arteries,and delayed circulation time. 3. Histopathologic findings of the slow infusiongroup revealed degenerated, coalesced red blood cell packed in the glomeruli, focal areas of severe glomerular andtubular damage on relatively normal backgroun, endothelial and muscular damage of the arteries. 4. Angiographicfindings of the slow infusion group revealed focal perfusion defect of the kidney, delayed circulation time, andmild luminal irregularity, but there was no obstruction of the major arteries. 5. In conclusion, author believesthat endothelial damage and thrombus formation from the damaged vessel wall, as well as direct cytotoxicity and insitu emboli fommation play a significant role in the embolic effect of absolute ethanol.
Aorta ; Aortography ; Arteries ; Endothelium ; Erythrocytes ; Ethanol* ; Kidney ; Perfusion ; Phenobarbital ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic

No abstract available.
Constipation*

OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease(AD) and mild cognitive impairment(MCI) affect several nervous structures involved with the autonomic nervous system. Association between neuropsychiatric deficits and heart rate variability has been observed. But cardiac autonomic function in AD has been scarcely studied and the results reported are conflicting. We investigated autonomic function in normal control, MCI, AD using heart rate variabil-ity(HRV) technique. METHODS: Time and frequency-domain variability of 5-min R-R interval series was comparatively evaluated in 26 normal control subjects, 22 MCI subjects and 34 AD subjects. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to compare the differences across groups. Correlations between MMSE-KC and HRV components were performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed among the groups in time, frequency-domain analysis of HRV (p>0.05). HRV were not found to be significantly correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in HRV with MCI, AD subjects when compared with normal controls. Further investigation is required to use HRV technique as noninvasive parameters of MCI and AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Mild Cognitive Impairment

The chronic active or aggressive hepatitis B, in which periportal inflammation(piecemeal necrosis) is conventionally accepted as the pattern of progression to cirrhosis', implies little concern with intralobular necroinflammation as a process responsible for aggravation and progression. Some published observations, however, refer to episodes of acute necrotizing bouts(subacute hepatic necrosis) have been reported". For technical reasons, relatively few sequential biopsy studies of chronic hepatitis B are available and particularly, initial acute hepatitis B is barely documented since biopsies are now rarely perfomed in acute stages of hepatitis4. Moreover, most published sequential studies are complicated by therapeutic intervention. The availability of Korean sequential biopsy specimens and the increasing interest in parenchymal changes in the evolution of hepatitis B encouraged the description of the progression of acute and chronic hepatitis B to cirrhosis. During the long-term follow-up study, acute bouts of intralobular parenchymal necroinflammation are observed whenever the stage of aggravation is caught and the biopsy is possible. Whatever the result of these studies, the observation presented suggests a major role of parenchymal changes in the evolution of chronic hepatitis B and this experience focuses on the important lesions of the lobular parenchyma in classification and evaluation of chronic hepatitis'. Seven patients are selected on the basis of elevated S-ALT level, and submit to repated needle biopsies during a 6-month period". Of these, 2 cases show chronic active hepatitis with early cirhosis constantly, and in 5 cases CAH appear 1 or 2 times in each case during the follow-up period. In clinical follow-up after the sequential biopsies, these 7 patients were all healthy at least for an average of 18.6 years ranging from 14 to 27 years, except for one who developed into HCC without complication of cirrhosis. Thus, while the sample size of this study is small, continuous piecemeal necrosis seems not to be a pattern of progression to cirrhosis. In conclusion, acute and chronic hepatitis B experienced in Korea appear to progress to cirrhosis by means of repeated acute episodic bouts of intralobular necroinflammation, and the conventional concept that continuous progress by piecemeal necrosis seems not to hold true.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Classification ; Fibrosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Korea ; Necrosis ; Sample Size

No abstract available.
Adsorption* ; Agglutination* ; Animals ; Caragana* ; Erythrocytes* ; Humans* ; Mice*

In eyes with media opacity and equivocal ultrasonographic findings, we can differenciate retinal detachment from vitreous membrane using color doppler imaging(CDI), which allows the display of blood flow characteristics on conventional ultrasonography. The authors performed high resolution Bscan ultrasonography and color doppler imaging simultaneously in 31 eyes with opacity of ocular media, and their intraoperative characteristics and post operative results were evaluated. In 30 eyes with retinal detachment or vitreous membrane, 7 eyes(23%) had equivocal ultrasonographic findings and needed color doppler imaging. Nine eyes(75%) had positive color signal in 12 eyes with retinal detachment, whereas 3 eyes negative. 17 eyes(94%) had negative color signal in 18 eyes with vitreous membrane, 1 eye with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had positive. In conclusion, color doppler imaging is a useful diagnostic method in differentiating retinal detachment from vitreous membrane.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Membranes* ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Ultrasonography

In the early stages or atypical manifestation of parkinsonism, dopamine transporter imaging can assist the early diagnosis. We describe a 19 year-old man presenting with progressive gait disturbance, cervical dystonia and head tremor. 18F-FP-CIT PET (FluoroPropyl-Carbomethoxylodopropyl-nor-BTropane positron emission tomography) was done and interpreted as normal at other hospital, and his diagnosis remained baffling. He visited our hospital several months later, and the FP-CIT PET image was reviewed by the nuclear medicine physician in our hospital, who also interpreted it as normal. However, we reviewed his FP CIT-PET image because his clinical picture was strongly suggestive of juvenile parkinsonism. After adjusting the window setting of the PET image, we could appreciate the decreased uptake in the bilateral basal ganglia. Thus he was finally diagnosed as juvenile parkinsonism and gene test confirmed Park2 gene mutation. In conclusion, proper window setting is important during visual assessment of dopamine transporter imaging.
Parkinson Disease

No abstract available.

Removal of leukocytes from blood components may prevent alloimmunization to leukocyte antigens, febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, transmission of leukotropic viruses or bacteria, and graft-versus-host disease. New surface-modified fibrous polyester filters were evaluated; they require no special processing of blood components and can be used at the patient's bed-side. Pall RC100TM(Pall Co., USA) was used to filter 2 units of RBCs at a time for a total of 8 filtrations: mean red cell recovery rate was 88.7%, mean WBC removal rate 99. 99%, and mean residual WBC count after filtration 2.77x 10 5. Twelve units of apheresis platelets were filtered with Pall PL50TM(Pall Co., USA): mean platelet recovery rate was 90.7%, mean WBC removal rate 99.95%, and mean residual WBC count after filtration 6.99 x 10 5. This study indicates that these filters efficiently remove WBCs without significant loss of red cells or platelets and that this kind of filters can be easily used at the patient's bed side.
Bacteria ; Blood Component Removal ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Platelets ; Filtration ; Graft vs Host Disease ; HLA Antigens ; Leukocytes* ; Polyesters