A method to roll-over the paralyzed body by means of Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is considered. It is demonstrated that individual joint motions necessary for the rolling-over are realized by electrical stimulation. EMG measurements are also performed to analyze the cooperative activities of the muscles during rolling-over motion in a case where an upper extremity was used. These results of two experiments using normal subjects verifies the fundamental feasibility of body control by FES.
Electric Stimulation* ; Joints ; Methods ; Muscles ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip*

Plastic surgeons have frequently encountered wide and long skin defects which require flap coverage. These include defects that occur after radical tumor resection of the head and neck region, release of severe bum scar contracture, and defects with exposure of the bone or tendons in upper and lower extremities. Lateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap, first introduced by Baek in 1983, has a long and wide skin territory. By using this flap, we performed 6 cases of burn scar contractures and 2 cases of head and neck cancer defects. In the flap elevation, it is not necessary to change the patient's position, therefore, the two-team approach shortens the operating time. The donor site can be closed primarily if the width of flap is not over 8 cm. The donor scar of the thigh is easily concealed. The lateral thigh flap can also be used as a composite or sensate flap. We conclude that, due to the lateral thigh flap being a thin and pliale fasciocutaneous flap which has a long and wide skin territory, it is very useful for reconstruction of large skin defects.
Burns ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Head ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Neck ; Skin* ; Tendons ; Thigh* ; Tissue Donors

The R-R interval analyzer was developed to measure the autonomic nervous system function using microcomputer. The system based on 8 bit microcomputer including bandpass filter, R-wave detector and clock generator in order to obtain the mean value, standard deviation, total time, CV value, maximum value and minimum value in the specific view point of R-R interval variation. The pattern of R-R interval change after resting, voluntary standing and deep breathing can be analyzed in normal subjects and diabetics with autonomic nervous dysfunction. The amplitude of the R-R interval variation showed sensitive pattern for normal subjects at resting, standing and deep breathing. On the contrary, the periodicities of amplitude for abnormal subjects with autonomic nervous dysfunction showed dull pattern. It was suggested that R-R interval analyzer is a good detection method for dysfunction of autonomic nervous system.
Autonomic Nervous System ; Methods ; Microcomputers* ; Periodicity ; Respiration

This paper describes to design and to examine the mechanical characteristics of high frequency jet ventilator. The device consists of Phase lock loop (PLL) system, solenoid valve driving control part and Air regulating system. This study is carried out by changing several factors such as endotracheal tube (E.T. tube) diameter, injector cannula diameter, 1%, and frequency (breaths/min.) having direct effects on the gas exchange as well as parameters of the entrained gas by venturi effect, so as to measure the tidal volume and minute volume. This system characteristics were as follows: 1) Frequency: 6-594 bpm 2) Inspiration time: 1-99% 3) Variance of input air pressure: 1-30 PSI
Air Pressure ; Catheters ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

A case of stasis dermatitis with hepatomegaly is reported. The patient is 50 year old male. About 3 years ago a dark-brownish macule on the left shin was appeared with the severe itching sensation and spread to the margin with edema, ulceration, and appeared the varricous veins on the margin, Biopsy on the ulceration revealed the hemociderin deposition and fibrosis in the dermis. The physical examination revealed that the liver was enlarged 3cm, below the right costal margin and liver biopsy showed early cirrhotic change, but without impairment of liver function. He was treated with massage, elastic bandage for 2 weeks with good response.
Biopsy ; Compression Bandages ; Dermatitis* ; Dermis ; Edema ; Fibrosis ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Massage ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Ulcer ; Veins

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of job stress and social support on the organizational effectiveness of hospital employees and to examine the role of social support in the experience of job stress among the employees. Previous studies have yielded mixed results regarding the role of social support. Some studies provide supporting evidence for the buffering effect of social support, while others do not. Still others report findings about reverse buffering effects. These inconsistent findings are, in part, accounted for by methodological problems such as poor measurement, small sample size, and the existence of high multicollinearity. To examine more rigorously the role of social support in relation to the negative effects of job stress, this study was carefully designed to overcome methodolgical shortcomings found in the past research. In addition, unlike the previous studies, which were concerned mostly with health-related variables as consequences of job stress, in this study, three work-related variables (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to stay) which had close relationships with organizational effectiveness were examined as output variables. The sample used in this study consisted of 353 employees from a university hospital in the suburbs of seoul. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using canonical analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that; (l) job stress has negative main effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to stay; (2) social support has positive main effects on the same three output variables, (3) social support does not moderate the harmful effects of job stress on the three outcome variables, and (4) the three-way interaction effects of (social support * job stress * gender) and of (social support * job stress * education) are not supported The implications of these findings for the management of human resources are discussed.
Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sample Size ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Kidney Transplantation* ; Pregnancy*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment results of geriatric intertrochanteric fractures by using Asian-Pacific Gamma nails. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 1994 to June 1997, 58 cases of the intertrochanteric fractures were treated with Asian-Pacific Gamma nail, particularly compression hip screw fixation complications such as communited fracture involving lesser trochanter, transverse or reverse oblique intertrochanteric fracture. We evaluated the bone union time, neck-shaft angle, lag screw sliding by follow up radiographs, and studied complications and intraoperative cautions. RESULTS: The average age was 74.4 years old, the mean duration of follow-up was 17 months, the mean duration of bone union was 14.2 weeks, the average neck-shaft angle was postop. 133+/-2.78 degree and last follow-up was 129.5+/-3.37 degree, and the average lag screw sliding was 4.7+/-3.16 mm. Intraoperative complications were difficulty in distal drilling (posterior drilling) in 4 cases, fracture displacement by nail insertion in 3 cases, and postoperative complications were coxa vara in 13 cases, superior cutting out of lag screw with nonunion in 1 case and superficial infection in 1 case. The entry portal must be formed by awling. The fracture displacement when inserting nail could be prevented by proper reaming after inserting the C-shaped guide pin, and posterior drilling could be avoided by confirming the locking between target device and nail. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the Asian-Pacific Gamma nail could appropriately treat the osteoporotic, communited intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients and we obtained satisfactory results.
Aged ; Coxa Vara ; Femur* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Postoperative Complications

No abstract available.
Fingers*