Idiopathic orbital myositis, a subgroup of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor may occur with acute-onset periorbital pain, diplopia, and, in most cases, eyelid swelling. Proptosis, extraocular muscle motility restrictions, and response to oral prednisolone administration were characteristic. Although the CT appearance of orbital myositis is often helpful, the findings are not pathognomonic: correlation with history, clinical finding, and therapeutic response must be considered in making the diagnosis. The results of corticosteroid therapy on the orbital pseudotumor caused by orbital myositis were as follows: 1. The effect of corticosteroid was more effective in single extraocular muscle involvement than in that of a multiple extraocular muscle. 2. Early age of onset and early treatment after symptom increased the effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy.
Age of Onset ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Orbit* ; Orbital Myositis* ; Orbital Pseudotumor* ; Prednisolone

Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) is a 28-amino acid hormone with potent natriuretic effect and diuretic one. ANP wag originally thought to be involved in the regulation of blood pressure and blood volume. However, recent studies have indicated that ANP has much wider physiologic roles, such as the regulation of mitoses, the secretion of thyroglobulin, the production of cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous fluid formation. This peptide hag been detected in the anterior uvea, retina and corneal endothelium. It was reported that ANP decreased intraocular pressure and aqueous humor formation. However the distribution of ANP in the eye was not clearly confirmed. This study was carried out to localize the immunoreactive ANP in the rat eye. The distribution of alpha-ANP in the rat eye was studied by immunohistochemistry using a polychnal antibody against synthetic rat alpha-ANP. Immunoreactive ANP was localized intensely in the epithelium of the ciliary body. ANP immunoreactivity was also strong in the corneal endothelium, iris and in the anterior epithelium of the lens. The immunoreactivity was observed in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer in the retina. These data clearly confirm that ANP is widerly distributed and that it takes part in diverse functions in the rat eye.
Animals ; Aqueous Humor ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Ciliary Body ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Epithelium ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Mitosis ; Natriuretic Agents ; Nerve Fibers ; Rats* ; Retina ; Thyroglobulin ; Uvea

Using immunohistochemical technique, we observed time-sequentially to T and B lymphocyte in the ciliary body of the endotoxin induced uveitis in rat. The primary antibodies for immunohistochemical stain of the lymphocyte were IgM heavy chain, IgG heavy chain, T suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8) and T helper/macrophage (CD4) was performed in the frozen section. The intensity of immunohistochemical reaction for surface IgM positive cells increased from 12hours and reached most strong intensities at 24hours after endotoxin injection and then decreased rapidly, but the intensity for surface IgG positive cells increased from 48hours and sustained 96hours. There were no significant changes of intensity of immunohistochemical reaction for T cells except slightly increased T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8).
Animals ; Antibodies ; Ciliary Body ; Frozen Sections ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lymphocytes ; Rats* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Uveitis*

INTRODUCTION: It is now generally accepted that free radicals play an important role in the development of various forms of tissue damage and pathological events, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging. On the other hand, it is difficult to demonstrate the injurious actions of free radicals in vivo, and it has not been clearly proven experimentally whether the damage is really caused by free radicals, nor how the free radicals damage biological molecules, primarily because of the difficulty in generating free radicals in biological systems under controlled conditions. PURPOSES OF STUDY: In this study, we investigated whether the histologically different part of lesion is created in liver injuries by free radicals formed from each mechanism. we investigated the usefulness of the ICG excretion test as an early indicator of liver injury, and the significance of an increase of urinary biopterin in free radical injury. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this study, the acute hepatic injuries were induced in the Sprague-Dawley rat by intraperitoneal injection with CCl4(0.125 ml/100 gm body wt.) and AAPH(1 mg/100 gm body wt.). Control rats were treated with 0.5 ml of corn oil per 100 gm via intraperitoneal route. And then, liver function tests(ALT, AST, ALP, gamma-GTP, serum bilirubin and ICG excretion test), alpha-fetoprotein, urinary biopterin and histologic changes were serially examined. Total 130 rats were prepared, and each group of 5 rats of them were sampled at intervals of 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hours following administration of CCl4, AAPH solution. All values were expressed as mean +/- standard error. The results of all treatment groups and control group were analyzed by ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test for variable. And then, the correlations between the increasing rates of urinary biopterins, ICG T1/2 and those of classic liver enzyme activities, serum bilirubin levels were analyzed for statistical significance by Pearson correlation analysis. In this analysis, a p-value below 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: 1. Activities of liver enzymes(serum AST, ALT, ALP and gamma-GTP) and levels of serum bilirubin significantly increased in all the treatment groups compared to control. As time passed, these levels continued to increase(p<0.05). 2. In comparison with AAPH treatment group, serum AST and ALT of CCl4 treatment group increased more significantly(p<0.05). 3. In ICG excretion test, ICG T1/2 of all the treatment groups were greatly prolonged from about 4 - 12 hours. Compared to AAPH treatment group, ICG T1/2 of CCl4 treatment group was more significantly prolonged(p<0.05). 4. As time passed, urinary biopterin levels of all the treatment groups increased from about 24 hours. Urinary biopterin levels of AAPH treatment group increased more significantly than in CCl4 treatment group from about 48 hours(p<0.05). 5. In histopathologic view, CCl4 treated hepatic acini showed that hepatocytes in centrilobular zone were degenerated. But, AAPH treated livers showed that all hepatocytes were degenerated. 6. Passive hemagglutination tests of alpha-fetoprotein showed negative reaction in all the treatment groups and control group. 7. Correlations were statistically significant(p<0.05) between the increasing rates of urinary biopterin levels and those of classic liver enzyme activities(except, serum AST), and serum bilirubin levels in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. 8. In AAPH induced hepatotoxicity, the increasing rates of urinary biopterin levels correlated with those of classic liver enzyme activities(serum ALT, AST, ALP, -GTP) and serum bilirubin levels(p < 0.05). 9. The increasing rates of ICG T1/2 correlated significantly with those of liver enzyme activities and serum bilirubin in CCl4 and AAPH induced hepatotoxicity(p<0.05), but there were no statistically significant correlations between the increasing rates of ICG T1/2 and those of serum ALT in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. 10. And also, the increasing rates of ICG T1/2 correlated significantly with those of urinary biopterin in CCl4 and AAPH induced hepatotoxicity(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We observed in this study that the difference in hepatic lesions induced by free radicals might be closely related to the site where free radicals had been generated. We indirectly found that the tissue damage is caused by free radicals. There were excellent correlations between urinary biopterin levels, ICG excretion test and classic liver enzyme activities, and serum bilirubin levels in acute hepatic injuries induced by free radicals from CCl4 and AAPH. Also, we determined that ICG excretion test is a saturable process for evaluation of acute hepatic injury. The urinary biopterin levels in CCl4 treated groups were significantly different from those of AAPH treated groups suggesting that an unknown mechanism is concerned with free radical induced biopterin elevation. However, the level of urinary biopterin in free radical injury may be a useful complementary index.
Aging ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Animals ; Bilirubin ; Biopterin ; Corn Oil ; Free Radicals ; Hand ; Heart Diseases ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Hepatocytes ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley*

A potent antiproliferative agent, Mitomcin-C, has been known to improve the surgical outcom of glaucomatous eyes with poor prognosis after filtering surgery. Twenty one eyes of 21 patients underwent trabeculectomy with Mitomyc-C. Overall success rate is 81%: 2 of 3 eyes with glaucoma after unsuccessful filtering surgery, 3 of 4 eyes with neovascular glaucoma, 2 of 3 eyes with secondary glaucoma, 1 of 2 eyes with aphakic glaucoma and all of 9 eyes with advanced glaucoma. Postoperative complications were prolonged conjuntival wound leakage in two eyes, conjuntibval wound leakage and corneo-lenticular touch in one eye, choroidal detachment in one eye, progression of cataract in one eye, hyphema in 3 eyes.
Cataract ; Choroid ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Trabeculectomy ; Wounds and Injuries

A potent antiproliferative agent, Mitomcin-C, has been known to improve the surgical outcom of glaucomatous eyes with poor prognosis after filtering surgery. Twenty one eyes of 21 patients underwent trabeculectomy with Mitomyc-C. Overall success rate is 81%: 2 of 3 eyes with glaucoma after unsuccessful filtering surgery, 3 of 4 eyes with neovascular glaucoma, 2 of 3 eyes with secondary glaucoma, 1 of 2 eyes with aphakic glaucoma and all of 9 eyes with advanced glaucoma. Postoperative complications were prolonged conjuntival wound leakage in two eyes, conjuntibval wound leakage and corneo-lenticular touch in one eye, choroidal detachment in one eye, progression of cataract in one eye, hyphema in 3 eyes.
Cataract ; Choroid ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Trabeculectomy ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: Heptaplatin (SKI-2053 R) is a new platinum analogue, with a better toxicity profile than cisplatin, and has antitumor activity even in cisplatin resistant cell lines. 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) has shown synergy with platinum compounds. This phase II trial was designed to determine the efficacy and toxicities of heptaplatin/ 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) for treating stomach cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with advanced, measurable gastric adenocarcinomas were enrolled in this trial. The treatment consisted of heptaplatin, 400 mg/m2/day (1 hour IV infusion), on day 1 and 5-FU, 800 mg/m2/day (12 hours IV infusion), on days 1 to 5. The cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 26 evaluable patients, 9 had partial responses and 1a complete response (overall response rate, 38%; 95% confidence interval, 19~57%). The median response duration was 23 weeks (range: 4~60 weeks). The median time to progression was 26 weeks (range: 3~68 weeks). The grades III-IV toxicities were mostly hematological toxicities: leucopenia was observed in 11 patients (35%) and thrombocytopenia 4 (13%). No definite neuropathy was observed. Grade I-II nephropathy was also noted: grade I high BUN/creatinine levels occurred in 5 patients (16%), grade II proteinuria 2 (6%), grade I proteinuria 5 (16%). Neutropenic fever developed in 5 patients (16%) and 1 died of pneumonia in a neutropenic state. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the regimen of Heptaplatin/5-FU should be effective and have a favorable toxicity profile for the patients suffering with advanced stomach cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cell Line ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy ; Fever ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Leucovorin* ; Platinum ; Platinum Compounds ; Pneumonia ; Proteinuria ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Thrombocytopenia

This study was performed to investigate the effect of peritoneal glucose load on plasma leptin concentrations in the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) performed on 13 non-diabetic ESRD patients. Plasma leptin and insulin concentrations were measured for 2 hours during a single 2 liter exchange of 1.5% glucose-based dialysate (SPD, n = 6), for 7 days of daily peritoneal dialysis (DPD, n = 7). In DPD, standard full volume (2,000 ml x 4 times/day) exchange was performed immediately after operation. In SPD, plasma leptin and insulin concentrations remained unchanged during the study. In DPD, the plasma leptin concentration increased significantly after CAPD on the first day (PD1) (11.2 +/- 5.4 to 17.0 +/- 6.0 ng/mL, p < 0.05) and this elevation seemed to persist until 7 days after operation. After CAPD, there was no significant day-to-day variation in peritoneal glucose absorption (391-465 cal). Oral intake seemed to decrease on operation day (PD0) and PD1 and then increased slowly. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations did not significantly change after CAPD. Changes of leptin concentration were significantly correlated with the changes of peritoneal glucose absorption at PD1. In conclusion, continuous peritoneal glucose load may affect plasma leptin concentrations in CAPD patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Human ; Leptin/analysis* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritoneum/metabolism*

Studies describing the effects on blood pressure control by hemodialysis(HD) or continuous amulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) have yielded conflicting results with respect to 24 hour blood pressure control, diurnal variation and blood pressure loads. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of beginning with HD or CAPD on blood pressure control, diurnal variation and blood pressure loads using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM). Twen-ty-seven end-stage renal disease(ESRD) patients(12 on HD and 15 on CAPD) were enrolled into the study. Patients with cardiovascular diseases, erythro-poietin therapy, or severe edema were excluded. ABPM were performed two times before and after the initiation of dialysis. Mean duration of interval between pre- and post-dialysis ABPM were 17+/-4 days on HD and 13+/-3 days on CAPD. Daytime and nighttime were defined as the time from 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM and from 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM of the next day. Systolic and diastolic loads were defined as the percentage of the incidence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure over l% and 90mmHg. Dipper meaning the presence of normal diurnal difference were defined as the differences of daytime- nighttime mean arterial pressure more than 5mmHg. In HD patients, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased after dialysis during 24 hour, day- time and nighttime. In CAPD patients, those were also significantly decreased after dialysis during 24 hour, daytime and nighttime(p<0.05). Diurnal differences were increased after CAPD(3.3+/-9.4 vs 5.4+/-6.8mmHg) but decreased after HD(4.3+/-6.2 vs 2.4+/-10.8mmHg) and the differences of diurnal difference between two groups were significantly different(+2.1+/-9.0 vs 1.9+/-8.4mmHg, p<0.05). Proportions of dipper among patients were increased from 16.7 to 66.7% in HD and from 33.3% to 60% in CAPD without statistical significance between two groups. Systolic and diastolic loads were significantly decreased after HD(from 75.0+/-38.0 to 37.5+/-43.8%, from 45.2+/-29.7 to 12.5+/-12.8%, respectively, p<0.05) and after CAPD(from 63.1+/-30,1 to 32.3+/-27.1%, from 43.4+/-36.2% to 12.2+/-16.9%, respectively, p<0.05). Systolic and diastolic loads of daytime and nighttime were significantly decreased after each dialysis modality except nighttime diastolic pressure load in HD. In conclusions, both HD and CAPD improve BP control in ESRD patients. CAPD has more benefit to control of diurnal variations in ESRD patients.
Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Dialysis ; Edema ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Renal Dialysis*

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(AVD) is a major cause of the mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease(ESRD) patients undergoing chronic dialysis therapy. The factors such as lipopretein metabolism abnormality, diabetes, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress have been implicated as underlying causes related AVD. Malnutrition, chronic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, hyperparathyroidism and its related lipoprotein abnormalities are suggested to accelerate AVD in ESRD patients. High-resolution B-mode ultrasono-graphy has been used to evaluate atherosclerotic change in carotid artery in a number of epidemiologic or clinical studies because of its non-invasive advantage and proven effects in predicting AVD or cardiovascular mortality. Using high-resolution B-mode sonography, we evaluated the presence of plaque and carotid intima-media area(cIM area), which is known to be a good predictor of athero-sclerosis. We compared and analyzed those sonographic findings according to a number of selected clinical and laboratory factors. Study subjects were 27 stable ESRD patient receiving hemodialysis(HD) or chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) at least over 24 months. The patients with present or past coronary, cerebral or peripheral vascular disease, history of anti-platelet agents or age over 70 years were excluded. Nine HD and 18 CAPD patients were included and mean age was 52.1+/-2.6 years and number of male and female patients were sixteen and eleven. Among many factors, sex, age, dialysis duration, diabetes, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, albumin, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, C-reactive protein, total calcium, phosphorus, intact-parathyroidid hormone were selected and analyzed for their correlation with carotid sonograpic findings. 1) Mean cIM area of all patients was 15.4+/-0.7 mm2. cIM area was significantly increased in CAPD patients compared to HD patients(16.5+/-1.2 vs 14.9+/- 0.9mm2, p<0.05). Atherosclerotic plaques were found in 48.1% and bilateral lesion was found in 18.5% of all patients. The incidence of the plaque was 42.1% in HD and 55.6% in CAPD patients. 2) cIM area was more significantly increased in male than female(16.7+/-0.8 vs 13.6+/-1.2mm2, in diabetes than non-diabetes(16.4+/-0.8 vs 14.7+/-l.lmm2) and in smoker than non-smoker(18.8+/-0.7 vs 12.8+/-0.7mm2, p<0.05). It was also significantly inereased in patients with body mass index more than 2.3kg/ m(18.3+/-1.1 vs 14.6+/-0.8mm), systolic blood pres-sure more than 14mmHg(16.6+/-0.7 vs 13.0+/-1.2mm) and C-reactive pretein more than 0.5 mg/dL(18.9+/-1.5 vs 14.2+/-0.77mm2p<0.05). Among those factors, age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index and C-reactive protein were proven to positively correlate to cIM area with statistical significance(p<0.05). Even though cIM area was increased in patients with high serum parathyroid hormone, high total cholesterol and triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein level, no statistical significances were found in these factors. 3) In comparison of each factor according to the presence of the plaque, age and the presence of diabetes were proven to be significantly different between patients without the plaque and with the plaque(45.7+/-2.7 vs 59.5+/-3.8 year, 33.3% vs 53.8%, respectively, p<0.05). Systolic blood pressure and C-reactive protein were increased in patients with the plaque but no statistical significance was shown. In conclusions, we found that old age, male sex, presence of diabetes, smoking history, high systolic blood pressure, increased body mass index and increased C-reactive protein were significantly related to increased cIM area and the plaque was more frequent in old age and diabetes patients using high resolution B-mode ultrasonography. It can be assumed that inflammatory state as reflected by C-reactive protein would be more related with atherosclerosis in ESRD patients than such as nutritional state, parathyroid hormone or lipoprotein metabolism based on these results. Fusing prospective analysis demonstrating causeeffect relationship or analyzing inflammatory index such as TNF-a or interleukin would be necessary to prove this assumption.
Age Factors ; Atherosclerosis* ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Calcium ; Carotid Arteries* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Dialysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperhomocysteinemia ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Metabolism ; Mortality ; Oxidative Stress ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Phosphorus ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Sex Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Ultrasonography*