Idiopathic orbital myositis, a subgroup of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor may occur with acute-onset periorbital pain, diplopia, and, in most cases, eyelid swelling. Proptosis, extraocular muscle motility restrictions, and response to oral prednisolone administration were characteristic. Although the CT appearance of orbital myositis is often helpful, the findings are not pathognomonic: correlation with history, clinical finding, and therapeutic response must be considered in making the diagnosis. The results of corticosteroid therapy on the orbital pseudotumor caused by orbital myositis were as follows: 1. The effect of corticosteroid was more effective in single extraocular muscle involvement than in that of a multiple extraocular muscle. 2. Early age of onset and early treatment after symptom increased the effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy.
Age of Onset ; Diagnosis ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids ; Orbit* ; Orbital Myositis* ; Orbital Pseudotumor* ; Prednisolone

Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) is a 28-amino acid hormone with potent natriuretic effect and diuretic one. ANP wag originally thought to be involved in the regulation of blood pressure and blood volume. However, recent studies have indicated that ANP has much wider physiologic roles, such as the regulation of mitoses, the secretion of thyroglobulin, the production of cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous fluid formation. This peptide hag been detected in the anterior uvea, retina and corneal endothelium. It was reported that ANP decreased intraocular pressure and aqueous humor formation. However the distribution of ANP in the eye was not clearly confirmed. This study was carried out to localize the immunoreactive ANP in the rat eye. The distribution of alpha-ANP in the rat eye was studied by immunohistochemistry using a polychnal antibody against synthetic rat alpha-ANP. Immunoreactive ANP was localized intensely in the epithelium of the ciliary body. ANP immunoreactivity was also strong in the corneal endothelium, iris and in the anterior epithelium of the lens. The immunoreactivity was observed in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer in the retina. These data clearly confirm that ANP is widerly distributed and that it takes part in diverse functions in the rat eye.
Animals ; Aqueous Humor ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Ciliary Body ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Epithelium ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Mitosis ; Natriuretic Agents ; Nerve Fibers ; Rats* ; Retina ; Thyroglobulin ; Uvea

Using immunohistochemical technique, we observed time-sequentially to T and B lymphocyte in the ciliary body of the endotoxin induced uveitis in rat. The primary antibodies for immunohistochemical stain of the lymphocyte were IgM heavy chain, IgG heavy chain, T suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8) and T helper/macrophage (CD4) was performed in the frozen section. The intensity of immunohistochemical reaction for surface IgM positive cells increased from 12hours and reached most strong intensities at 24hours after endotoxin injection and then decreased rapidly, but the intensity for surface IgG positive cells increased from 48hours and sustained 96hours. There were no significant changes of intensity of immunohistochemical reaction for T cells except slightly increased T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (CD8).
Animals ; Antibodies ; Ciliary Body ; Frozen Sections ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lymphocytes ; Rats* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Uveitis*

A potent antiproliferative agent, Mitomcin-C, has been known to improve the surgical outcom of glaucomatous eyes with poor prognosis after filtering surgery. Twenty one eyes of 21 patients underwent trabeculectomy with Mitomyc-C. Overall success rate is 81%: 2 of 3 eyes with glaucoma after unsuccessful filtering surgery, 3 of 4 eyes with neovascular glaucoma, 2 of 3 eyes with secondary glaucoma, 1 of 2 eyes with aphakic glaucoma and all of 9 eyes with advanced glaucoma. Postoperative complications were prolonged conjuntival wound leakage in two eyes, conjuntibval wound leakage and corneo-lenticular touch in one eye, choroidal detachment in one eye, progression of cataract in one eye, hyphema in 3 eyes.
Cataract ; Choroid ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Trabeculectomy ; Wounds and Injuries

A potent antiproliferative agent, Mitomcin-C, has been known to improve the surgical outcom of glaucomatous eyes with poor prognosis after filtering surgery. Twenty one eyes of 21 patients underwent trabeculectomy with Mitomyc-C. Overall success rate is 81%: 2 of 3 eyes with glaucoma after unsuccessful filtering surgery, 3 of 4 eyes with neovascular glaucoma, 2 of 3 eyes with secondary glaucoma, 1 of 2 eyes with aphakic glaucoma and all of 9 eyes with advanced glaucoma. Postoperative complications were prolonged conjuntival wound leakage in two eyes, conjuntibval wound leakage and corneo-lenticular touch in one eye, choroidal detachment in one eye, progression of cataract in one eye, hyphema in 3 eyes.
Cataract ; Choroid ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Trabeculectomy ; Wounds and Injuries

INTRODUCTION: It is now generally accepted that free radicals play an important role in the development of various forms of tissue damage and pathological events, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging. On the other hand, it is difficult to demonstrate the injurious actions of free radicals in vivo, and it has not been clearly proven experimentally whether the damage is really caused by free radicals, nor how the free radicals damage biological molecules, primarily because of the difficulty in generating free radicals in biological systems under controlled conditions. PURPOSES OF STUDY: In this study, we investigated whether the histologically different part of lesion is created in liver injuries by free radicals formed from each mechanism. we investigated the usefulness of the ICG excretion test as an early indicator of liver injury, and the significance of an increase of urinary biopterin in free radical injury. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this study, the acute hepatic injuries were induced in the Sprague-Dawley rat by intraperitoneal injection with CCl4(0.125 ml/100 gm body wt.) and AAPH(1 mg/100 gm body wt.). Control rats were treated with 0.5 ml of corn oil per 100 gm via intraperitoneal route. And then, liver function tests(ALT, AST, ALP, gamma-GTP, serum bilirubin and ICG excretion test), alpha-fetoprotein, urinary biopterin and histologic changes were serially examined. Total 130 rats were prepared, and each group of 5 rats of them were sampled at intervals of 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hours following administration of CCl4, AAPH solution. All values were expressed as mean +/- standard error. The results of all treatment groups and control group were analyzed by ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test for variable. And then, the correlations between the increasing rates of urinary biopterins, ICG T1/2 and those of classic liver enzyme activities, serum bilirubin levels were analyzed for statistical significance by Pearson correlation analysis. In this analysis, a p-value below 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: 1. Activities of liver enzymes(serum AST, ALT, ALP and gamma-GTP) and levels of serum bilirubin significantly increased in all the treatment groups compared to control. As time passed, these levels continued to increase(p<0.05). 2. In comparison with AAPH treatment group, serum AST and ALT of CCl4 treatment group increased more significantly(p<0.05). 3. In ICG excretion test, ICG T1/2 of all the treatment groups were greatly prolonged from about 4 - 12 hours. Compared to AAPH treatment group, ICG T1/2 of CCl4 treatment group was more significantly prolonged(p<0.05). 4. As time passed, urinary biopterin levels of all the treatment groups increased from about 24 hours. Urinary biopterin levels of AAPH treatment group increased more significantly than in CCl4 treatment group from about 48 hours(p<0.05). 5. In histopathologic view, CCl4 treated hepatic acini showed that hepatocytes in centrilobular zone were degenerated. But, AAPH treated livers showed that all hepatocytes were degenerated. 6. Passive hemagglutination tests of alpha-fetoprotein showed negative reaction in all the treatment groups and control group. 7. Correlations were statistically significant(p<0.05) between the increasing rates of urinary biopterin levels and those of classic liver enzyme activities(except, serum AST), and serum bilirubin levels in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. 8. In AAPH induced hepatotoxicity, the increasing rates of urinary biopterin levels correlated with those of classic liver enzyme activities(serum ALT, AST, ALP, -GTP) and serum bilirubin levels(p < 0.05). 9. The increasing rates of ICG T1/2 correlated significantly with those of liver enzyme activities and serum bilirubin in CCl4 and AAPH induced hepatotoxicity(p<0.05), but there were no statistically significant correlations between the increasing rates of ICG T1/2 and those of serum ALT in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. 10. And also, the increasing rates of ICG T1/2 correlated significantly with those of urinary biopterin in CCl4 and AAPH induced hepatotoxicity(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We observed in this study that the difference in hepatic lesions induced by free radicals might be closely related to the site where free radicals had been generated. We indirectly found that the tissue damage is caused by free radicals. There were excellent correlations between urinary biopterin levels, ICG excretion test and classic liver enzyme activities, and serum bilirubin levels in acute hepatic injuries induced by free radicals from CCl4 and AAPH. Also, we determined that ICG excretion test is a saturable process for evaluation of acute hepatic injury. The urinary biopterin levels in CCl4 treated groups were significantly different from those of AAPH treated groups suggesting that an unknown mechanism is concerned with free radical induced biopterin elevation. However, the level of urinary biopterin in free radical injury may be a useful complementary index.
Aging ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Animals ; Bilirubin ; Biopterin ; Corn Oil ; Free Radicals ; Hand ; Heart Diseases ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Hepatocytes ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley*

PURPOSE: Heptaplatin (SKI-2053 R) is a new platinum analogue, with a better toxicity profile than cisplatin, and has antitumor activity even in cisplatin resistant cell lines. 5-fluoruracil (5-FU) has shown synergy with platinum compounds. This phase II trial was designed to determine the efficacy and toxicities of heptaplatin/ 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) for treating stomach cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients with advanced, measurable gastric adenocarcinomas were enrolled in this trial. The treatment consisted of heptaplatin, 400 mg/m2/day (1 hour IV infusion), on day 1 and 5-FU, 800 mg/m2/day (12 hours IV infusion), on days 1 to 5. The cycles were repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 26 evaluable patients, 9 had partial responses and 1a complete response (overall response rate, 38%; 95% confidence interval, 19~57%). The median response duration was 23 weeks (range: 4~60 weeks). The median time to progression was 26 weeks (range: 3~68 weeks). The grades III-IV toxicities were mostly hematological toxicities: leucopenia was observed in 11 patients (35%) and thrombocytopenia 4 (13%). No definite neuropathy was observed. Grade I-II nephropathy was also noted: grade I high BUN/creatinine levels occurred in 5 patients (16%), grade II proteinuria 2 (6%), grade I proteinuria 5 (16%). Neutropenic fever developed in 5 patients (16%) and 1 died of pneumonia in a neutropenic state. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the regimen of Heptaplatin/5-FU should be effective and have a favorable toxicity profile for the patients suffering with advanced stomach cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Cell Line ; Cisplatin ; Drug Therapy ; Fever ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Leucovorin* ; Platinum ; Platinum Compounds ; Pneumonia ; Proteinuria ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Thrombocytopenia

Nandrolone decanoate(ND), one of the anabolic steroids, has been used by athletes to build muscle mass and enhance weight-lifting performance and has also shown to be useful in malnourished ESRD patients. However, ND has several adverse effects including edema. After we experienced a case of severe edema and transient ultrafiltration failure(TUF) requiring more frequent number of dialysis during ND treatment, we prospectively studied the incidence and clinical characteristics of TUF during ND treatment. Among 30 ND-treated patients, 7 patients developed TUF. All TUF+ patients were female and had sigificantly higher number of patients with congestive heart failure, more use of minoxidil and moderate to severe malnutrition than TUF- patients. There were no significant differences in age, duration of dialysis, and number of diabetics between TUF+ and TUF- group. In ND-treated male patients, the number of patients with CHF and moderate to severe malnutrition and with use of minoxidil were significantly lower than TUF+ ones. Body weight and serum albumin concentrations were significantly increased 2-3 months after ND treatment in TUF+ patients. But there were no differences in body weight and serum albumin in TUF-patients. In TUF+ patients, frequency of HD increased from 3 times to 4 to 6 times a week. CAPD patients with TUF+ had more frequently used 4.25% dialysate and number of exchanges were increased. In most TUF+ patients, severe edema and TUF were disappeared about 2 weeks after treatment. Most TUF+ patients returned to previous schedle of dialysis. In conclusion, ND seems to induce TUF in ESRD patients who had risk for volume regulation such as CHF, hypoalbuminemia, or the use of minoxidil.
Athletes ; Body Weight ; Dialysis* ; Edema ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Minoxidil ; Nandrolone* ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis ; Serum Albumin ; Steroids ; Ultrafiltration*

In order to explore the existence and distribution of phospholipase (PLC) isozymes in the rat retina, immunohistochemical staining was applied using monoclonal antibodies against PLC isozymes (PLC beta; K92, PLC gamma; D7, F7, PLC delta; R32, S11). For immunohistochemical detection, avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method was performed on frozed tissue sections of rat retina. Our study showed that PLC isozymes have particular distributional patterns in the retina. Namely, PLC beta is broadly distributed in the outer and inner segments of photoreceptor cell layer, nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. PLC gamma is mainly appeared in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. PLC delta is confined only in the ganglion cell layer. These results clearly demonstrate the PLC isozymes may have their own role in the transduction of light pathway in the retina. However, further studies will be required to verify theirs precise role in the photoreception.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes* ; Nerve Fibers ; Peroxidase ; Phospholipase C beta ; Phospholipases* ; Photoreceptor Cells ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Type C Phospholipases*

In order to explore the existence and distribution of phospholipase (PLC) isozymes in the rat retina, immunohistochemical staining was applied using monoclonal antibodies against PLC isozymes (PLC beta; K92, PLC gamma; D7, F7, PLC delta; R32, S11). For immunohistochemical detection, avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method was performed on frozed tissue sections of rat retina. Our study showed that PLC isozymes have particular distributional patterns in the retina. Namely, PLC beta is broadly distributed in the outer and inner segments of photoreceptor cell layer, nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer. PLC gamma is mainly appeared in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. PLC delta is confined only in the ganglion cell layer. These results clearly demonstrate the PLC isozymes may have their own role in the transduction of light pathway in the retina. However, further studies will be required to verify theirs precise role in the photoreception.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Ganglion Cysts ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes* ; Nerve Fibers ; Peroxidase ; Phospholipase C beta ; Phospholipases* ; Photoreceptor Cells ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Type C Phospholipases*