This paper describes to design and to examine the mechanical characteristics of high frequency jet ventilator. The device consists of Phase lock loop (PLL) system, solenoid valve driving control part and Air regulating system. This study is carried out by changing several factors such as endotracheal tube (E.T. tube) diameter, injector cannula diameter, 1%, and frequency (breaths/min.) having direct effects on the gas exchange as well as parameters of the entrained gas by venturi effect, so as to measure the tidal volume and minute volume. This system characteristics were as follows: 1) Frequency: 6-594 bpm 2) Inspiration time: 1-99% 3) Variance of input air pressure: 1-30 PSI
Air Pressure ; Catheters ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilators, Mechanical*

No abstract available.
Intestinal Fistula*

The distribution of the patterns of pubic hair and axillary hair was observed in 1970 men and 1761 women from 17 to 59 years of age. Among the 4 types usually found, the horizontal type predominated in male pubic hair irrespective of age, and the acuminate type, sagittal type and the disperse type followed in order. In the fernale public hair patterns, two new types were observed: a "linear type" and a "few type". The horizontal type was the predominant form and the acuminate type, the linear type, the few type, the disperse type and the sagittal type came in order. Women with no pubic hair rna,de up 4.4% of the total. But the patterns of pubic hair changed with age toward the types of little hair count such as the few and the linear type. In the axillary hair patterns of men, the whole type predominated and the brachial type, the central type came in order and men with no axillary hair made up 8.0% of the total. This distr!bution also changed with age, the central type being the commonest type in advanced age. In the a,xillary hair patterns of women, the whole type also predominated but with age, the numters of persons with no axillary hair increased. As to the relation of the body weight and the hair pattern, no conspicuous relation was found except for the female pubic hair pattern. In this group, persons below ideal body weight had low hair count, with statistical significance.
Body Weight ; Female ; Hair* ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Male

The clinical and mycological investigation was made with 68 cases of tinea corporis who had visited the Dermatologic Clinic of N.M.C. from Nov. 1985 to Oct. 1988. The results were as follows : 1. The ratio of male to female was 1.1: 1, and tinea corporis was most preva lent in the twenties. 2. 25 cases (36.8%) had a history of contact with infected animals or soil. 3. 75% of cases had less than 2 lesions. The exposed area was more frequently affected, and the face being the most frequent site. 4, Concurrent infection of tinea corporis with other types of dermatophytosis were noted in 33 cases (48.8%), and the most common was tinea pedis. 5. From the 68 cases, 49 organisms composed of 4 species were isolated, which were T. rubrum (32 cases), M. Canis (11 cases), T. mentagrophytes (5 cases) and M. gypseem (1 case). 6. Of the clinical variants of tinea corporis, the annular type was most comm only noted. No species specificity was noted in annular type, but T. rubrum was the major causative organism of eczematous and plaque type, and M. canis was the only isolated organism in herpetiform type. 7. As compared with other dermatophytes, M. canis was more commonly isolated from the smaller lesion.
Animals ; Arthrodermataceae ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Soil ; Species Specificity ; Tinea Pedis ; Tinea*

OBJECTIVE: In the previous study, we compiled the differentially expressed genes during early folliculogenesis.1 Objective of the present study was to identify downstream target genes of transcription factors (TFs) using bioinformatics for selecting the target TFs among the gene lists for further functional analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By using bioinformatics tools, constituent domains were identified from database searches using Gene Ontology, MGI, and Entrez Gene. Downstream target proteins/genes of each TF were identified from database searches using TF database (TRANSFAC(R) 6.0) and eukaryotic promoter database (EPD). RESULTS: DNA binding and trans-activation domains of all TFs listed previously were identified, and the list of downstream target proteins/genes was obtained from searche of TF database and promoter database. Based on the known function of identified downstream genes and the domains, 3 (HNF4, PPARg, and TBX2) out of 26 TFs were selected for further functional analysis. The genes of wee1-like protein kinase and p21WAF1 (cdk inhibitor) were identified as potential downstream target genes of HNF4 and TBX2, respectively. PPARg, through protein-protein interaction with other protein partners, acts as a transcription regulator of genes of EGFR, p21WAF1, cycD1, p53, and VEGF. Among the selected 3 TFs, further study is in progress for HNF4 and TBX2, since wee1-like protein kinase and cdk inhibitor may involved in regulating maturation promoting factor (MPF) activity during early folliculogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Approach used in the present study, in silico analysis of downstream target genes, was useful for analyzing list of TFs obtained from high-throughput cDNA microarray study. To verify its binding and functions of the selected TFs in early folliculogenesis, EMSA and further relevant characterizations are under investigation.
Computational Biology ; Computer Simulation* ; DNA ; Gene Ontology ; Maturation-Promoting Factor ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Kinases ; Transcription Factors* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Sun exposure and therapeutic irradiation have been shown to induce alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including elastin, glycosaminoglycan and collagens. The integrity of the connective tissue mainly depends on balanced rates of matrix synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be involved in ultraviolet irradiation (UVR)-induced alterations in ECM proteins. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of UVA as well as UVB irradiations on ST-1 gene expression in cultured human skin fibroblasts. METHODS: After exposure of different doses of UVA and UVB on cultured human skin fibroblasts, we examined the expression of ST-1 gene by Northern blot analysis, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay with CAT construct containing AP-1 binding site. Additionally, we carried out the gel mobility shift assay to investigate the effects of UVR on the DNA-binding activity of AP-1. RESULTS: After UVR on fibroblasts, the steady-state levels of ST-1 mRNA were in-creased in response to UVA and UVB by 2.5-fold and 4.2-fold, respectively, as compared with controls. Similar results were obtained by CAT assay showing that CAT activity increased as the UVA and UVB doses increased. Furthermore, gel mobility shift assay demonstrated that both UVA and UVB increased AP-1 DNA binding complexes. CONCLUSION: UVB as well as UVA up-regulated ST-1 gene expression at transcriptional levels in vitro. We speculate that modulation of MMPs, including ST-1, gene expression by UVR may contribute to the connective tissue damage related to photoaging and other photocutaneous disorders.
Animals ; Binding Sites ; Blotting, Northern ; Cats ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; DNA ; Elastin ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibroblasts* ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; RNA, Messenger ; Skin ; Solar System ; Transcription Factor AP-1

We studied skin thickness of the twelve body sites in 25 post-mortem subjects. The most thinnest and thickest sites of the skin layers are as follows(unit: um) l. In the horny layer, eyelid(13.16+/-5.44) and sole(420.83+182. 25), respectively 2. In the granular, eyelid, posterior ear, abdomen, back, thigh, forearrn(1 layer)and sole(3.4+/-0.59 layers), respectively 3. In the prickle cell layer(to rete ridge), forearm(50. 21+/-15. 36) and sole (174.72+/-84.41), respectively 4. In the prickle cell layer(to papillary dermis), abdomen (33. 05+/-10. 28) and sole (106.13+/-73.62), respectively 5. In the epidermis, eyelid (61.60+/-16.53) and sole (972.00+/-228. 16), rpspectively 6. In the dermis, eyelid(878.08+283. 56) and back(3596.05+/-1306.80), respectively.
Abdomen ; Dermis ; Ear ; Epidermis ; Eyelids ; Skin* ; Thigh

Livedo reticularis with summer ulceration was first reported by Feldaker et al in 1955, that is characterized by livedo reticularis and ulcerations of the legs or feet beginning primarily the summer or warmer months of the year, and healing the winter months. A 32-year old rnan has suffered from periodic painful ulcerations, which were occurred during the summer, on the both ankles and brown to bluish colored reticulated discoloration on the lower legs for about 10 years. Histopathological findings showed endothelial proliferation and partial occlusion of the dermal capillaries, fibrinoid material on the superficial blood vessels, and partial epidermal necrolysis. This patient. was treated with antiplatelet aggregating medications and antihypertensive drug.
Adult ; Ankle ; Blood Vessels ; Capillaries ; Foot ; Humans ; Leg ; Livedo Reticularis* ; Ulcer*