Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the psychosocial working environment and mental health of financial workers, and analyze the impact of the former on the latter. Methods: Data of 257 financial clerks were extracted from the 2017 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey. Psychosocial working environment was divided into five fields: demands at work, work organizations, interpersonal relations, workplace violence, and working hour quality. Mental health included sleeping problems, psychological well-being, and job stress. Results: A total of 6.1% subjects reported sleep problems, 28.2% experienced poor psychological well-being, and 39.6% had job stress. More than half the subjects were exposed to tight deadlines, complex tasks, hiding feelings at work, fair treatment, fair distribution of work, colleagues’ support, and managers’ support. Tight deadlines, workplace violence, long working hours, hiding feelings at work, and managers’ support had a significant impact on the mental health of financial clerks. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, we propose that employers, workers, and health managers in the financial industry should work together to establish a respectful organizational culture, prevent long working hours through recruitment, and conduct programs to protect emotional health.

PURPOSE: Obesogenic environments in children, in particular excessive intake of sodium, generate hypertension, which is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. METHODS: In all, 725 children, 379 boys and 373 girls, aged 8∼9 years were recruited from seven elementary schools in Kuro-ku, Seoul. To evaluate whether or not obesity risk was modulated by salt-sensitive genes, Solute Carrier Familiy 12 member 3 (SLC12A3) was used as the target. After children were assigned into obese (BMI > 85 percentile) or non-obese groups, anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and dietary intakes were measured according to the genotypes GG (wild) or GA+AA (hetero+mutant). RESULTS: Without gender differences, high TG and low HDLc were detected in the obese group compared to the non-obese group. Regardless of obesity, weight gain and blood pressure (BP) increased in the SLC12A3 GA+AA genotype rather than in the GG type. HDLc was associated with obesity risk without genotype difference. Odd ratios for risk of obesity were 15.57 (95% CI 2.192∼110.654), 22.84 (95% CI 1.565∼333.469), and 9.32 (95%CI 1.262∼68.817) in boys and girls with GA+AA genotypes as sodium intake increased above 4,000 mg/day. Dietary calcium, sodium, folate, and vit C were associated with obesity risk according to gender or genotype differences. Since high folate intake reduced obesity risk in only boys with GG type. Risk for overweight and obesity increased in boys with GA+AA genotypes and dietary habits with high sodium and cholesterol and low folate. CONCLUSION: The A allele of SLC12A3 rs11643718 was sensitive to development of obesity in children as sodium intake increased.
Alleles ; Anthropometry ; Biochemistry ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium, Dietary ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Food Habits ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Sodium* ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of resilience and symptom experience on quality of life. METHODS: Seventy five patients in an active treatment stage were recruited from 2 hospitals between October and December 2010. A survey including perceived health status, physical functional status, the symptom experience index, resilience, and the functional assessment of cancer therapy-colorectal (FACT-C) was completed. RESULTS: The level of FACT-C was 86.61 (+/-18.91), which was higher than for patients with colostomy, but lower than for patients in a rehabilitation stage. Participants without physical functional limitations showed higher level of both resilience and quality of life. Participants with bad health status showed a lower level of both resilience and quality of life and higher level of symptom experience. The quality of life was related to the level of resilience (beta=.373), symptom experience (beta=-.292), and perceived health status (beta=-3.961). CONCLUSION: Proactive nursing approaches to manage symptoms and to improve perceived health status would enhance the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients. Furthermore, various strategies to strengthen the level of resilience should be developed.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colostomy ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Resilience, Psychological

PURPOSE: Authors develop a unified structural model that defines multirelationships between systematic factors causing excessive use of smartphones and the corresponding results. METHODS: A survey was conducted with adolescents who live in Seoul, Pusan, Gangneung, Donghae, and Samcheok from February to March 2016. Authors used SPSS, version 22.0, and AMOS, version 22.0, to analyze the survey results at a .05 significance level. To investigate demographic characteristics of the participants and their variations, descriptive analysis was used. The maximum likelihood estimate method was adopted to verify the fitness of the hypothetical model and the hypotheses therein. Authors used χ² statistics, goodness-of-fit index, adjusted goodness-of-fit index, comparative fit index, normed fit index, incremental fit index, root mean square residual, and root mean square error of approximation to verify the fitness of our structural model. RESULTS: (1) The proposed structural model demonstrated a fine fitness level. (2) The proposed structural model could describe the excessive use of a smartphone with 88.6% accuracy. (3) The absence of the family function and relationship between friends, impulsiveness, and low self-esteem were confirmed as key factors that cause an excessive use of smartphones. (4) Furthermore, impulsiveness and low self-esteem are closely related to the absence of family functions and relations between friends by 68.3% and 54.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Authors suggest that nursing intervention programs from various angles are required to reduce adolescents' excessive use of smartphones. For example, family communication programs would be helpful for both parents and children. Consultant programs about relationships with friends would also be helpful.
Adolescent ; Busan ; Child ; Consultants ; Friends ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Likelihood Functions ; Methods ; Models, Structural ; Nursing ; Parents ; Self Concept ; Seoul ; Smartphone*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the effectiveness of a video education program delivered via smartphone for patients undergoing echocardiography. Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. The video education program was developed through a process of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation according to the ADDIE instructional design model. A total of 34 adult outpatients aged 19 years or older were recruited for the study. They were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=17) and a control group (n=17). Pre- and post-anxiety, knowledge level, and education satisfaction after the intervention were measured. The data were analyzed by an χ²-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. Results: No difference were found in the state anxiety level between the two groups before and after the video education program intervention. However, the experimental group showed a significant higher knowledge level compared to the control group (Z=-3.07, p=.002) after the intervention. The education satisfaction level of the experimental group was also significantly higher (Z=-3.62, p<.001). Conclusion Based on these results, it can be concluded that the echocardiography video education program developed based on the ADDIE model provides efficient information to echocardiography patients and increases their education satisfaction. It is an effective nursing intervention that enables an indirect experience of the special examination that patients will experience by providing information reflecting environmental characteristics and the opinions of patients and can be used in clinical practice as an efficient education method employing self-learning.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the effectiveness of a video education program delivered via smartphone for patients undergoing echocardiography. Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. The video education program was developed through a process of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation according to the ADDIE instructional design model. A total of 34 adult outpatients aged 19 years or older were recruited for the study. They were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=17) and a control group (n=17). Pre- and post-anxiety, knowledge level, and education satisfaction after the intervention were measured. The data were analyzed by an χ²-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. Results: No difference were found in the state anxiety level between the two groups before and after the video education program intervention. However, the experimental group showed a significant higher knowledge level compared to the control group (Z=-3.07, p=.002) after the intervention. The education satisfaction level of the experimental group was also significantly higher (Z=-3.62, p<.001). Conclusion Based on these results, it can be concluded that the echocardiography video education program developed based on the ADDIE model provides efficient information to echocardiography patients and increases their education satisfaction. It is an effective nursing intervention that enables an indirect experience of the special examination that patients will experience by providing information reflecting environmental characteristics and the opinions of patients and can be used in clinical practice as an efficient education method employing self-learning.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the effectiveness of a video education program delivered via smartphone for patients undergoing echocardiography. Methods: A pre-post quasi-experimental design was used. The video education program was developed through a process of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation according to the ADDIE instructional design model. A total of 34 adult outpatients aged 19 years or older were recruited for the study. They were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=17) and a control group (n=17). Pre- and post-anxiety, knowledge level, and education satisfaction after the intervention were measured. The data were analyzed by an χ²-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0. Results: No difference were found in the state anxiety level between the two groups before and after the video education program intervention. However, the experimental group showed a significant higher knowledge level compared to the control group (Z=-3.07, p=.002) after the intervention. The education satisfaction level of the experimental group was also significantly higher (Z=-3.62, p<.001). Conclusion Based on these results, it can be concluded that the echocardiography video education program developed based on the ADDIE model provides efficient information to echocardiography patients and increases their education satisfaction. It is an effective nursing intervention that enables an indirect experience of the special examination that patients will experience by providing information reflecting environmental characteristics and the opinions of patients and can be used in clinical practice as an efficient education method employing self-learning.

Purpose: To compare the results of lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia, and the clinical efficacy of lacrimal syringing under general anesthesia before endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and dacryoscintigraphy. Methods: The study included 148 eyes of 82 patients who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and silicone tube intubation from August 2018 to April 2019. The patients were examined with lacrimal syringing in clinical practice and re‐examined under general anesthesia. Based on the change in lacrimal syringing, the patients were assigned to inconsistent and consistent groups. The inconsistent group was subclassified into complete (‘regurgitation’ of lacrimal syringing changes to a ‘passage’ pattern) and partial improvement groups (the degree of regurgitation improves under general anesthesia). Results: Twenty (13.5%) eyes showed inconsistent results of lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia; all showed improved passage under general anesthesia. The surgical results did not differ significantly (p = 0.336) between the consistent and inconsistent groups, but did between the complete and partial improvement groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions Lacrimal syringing under general anesthesia may enable an accurate preoperative diagnosis of the degree of obstruction. The combined results of dacryoscintigraphy and lacrimal syringing performed in clinical practice and under general anesthesia allow surgeons to evaluate the lacrimal drainage anatomy precisely and may be useful for predicting the functional success of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate Korean nurses' knowledge about hereditary colorectal cancer (HCRC). METHODS: A modified 15-item HCRC knowledge questionnaire was developed based on previous research. One hundred and forty-eight nurses have completed the questionnaire from February to April, 2011. RESULTS: The average score of nurses' knowledge was 11.25+/-1.54. Ninety-seven percent of nurses knew about colonoscopy check up schedule and family pedigree. However, only 20% of nurses knew about the rate of passing on mutation genes to offspring and risk of developing CRC among carriers. Only 13.5% of nurses had previous genetic education experiences. Working in oncology units, taking care of CRC patients, and participating in genetic education were not associated with nurses' HCRC knowledge. CONCLUSION: Various factors influence nurses' knowledge about HCRC. Repeated study with larger national sample of nurses is recommended to identify the factors affecting nurses' knowledge level in order to develop efficient genetic education programs for HCRC patients and their families by nurses.
Appointments and Schedules ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Melittin-induced pain model has been known to be very useful for the study of pain mechanism. Melittin-induced nociceptive responses are reported to be modulated by the changes in the activity of excitatory amino acid receptor, calcium channel, spinal serotonin receptor and extracellular signaling-regulated kinase. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the melittin-induced nociception. Changes in mechanical threshold, flinchings and paw thickness were measured before and after intraplantar injection of melittin in the rat hind paw. Also studied were the effects of intraperitonealy administered diclofenac (25 mg & 50 mg/kg), piroxicam (10 mg & 20 mg/kg) and meloxicam (10 mg & 20 mg/kg) on the melittin-induced nociceptions. Intraplantar injection of melittin caused marked reduction of mechanical threshold that was dose-dependently attenuated by non-selective COX inhibitor (diclofenac) and selective COX-1 inhibitor (piroxicam), but not by COX-2 inhibitor (meloxicam). Melittin-induced flinchings were strongly suppressed by non-selective COX and COX-1 inhibitor, but not by COX-2 inhibitor. None of the COX inhibitors had inhibitory effects on melittin-induced increase of paw thickness (edema). These experimental findings suggest that COX-1 plays an important role in the melittin-induced nociceptive responses.
Animals ; Calcium Channels ; Cyclooxygenase 1* ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; Diclofenac ; Melitten ; Nociception ; Phosphotransferases ; Piroxicam ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Serotonin