PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the cognitive function in the elderly and to identify the influencing factors. METHODS: The design of this study was descriptive research design. A total of 139 elderly people (aged 65 years and over) visiting the electroencephalogram (EEG) center in Seoul, Korea were evaluated. Data were assessed by self-administered questionnaires and CNS Vital Signs (CNSVS). Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 for Windows. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), executive functions and reasoning according to education level. K-MMSE, visual memory and executive functions were different depending on the jobs. Age was highly correlated with cognitive function. In addition, stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that the factor significantly associated with reaction time and visual memory was depression. Depression and Trait-Anxiety had significant impacts on executive functions and K-MMSE. CONCLUSION: CNSVS enabled the accurate and objective measurement of cognitive function. Therefore, this study provides useful data to improve cognitive function of the community-dwelling elderly. The results suggested that there is need for comprehensive interventional programs that manage cognitive impairment.
Aged* ; Anxiety ; Cognition Disorders ; Cognition* ; Depression ; Education ; Electroencephalography ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory ; Reaction Time ; Research Design ; Seoul ; Vital Signs

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between stress and college adjustment in nursing students. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive, cross-sectional design. A sample of 284 nursing students was recruited from various South Korean universities. Data were collected through an online survey conducted from October 2021 to February 2022. The questionnaire used in this study included the Revised Life Stress Scale for College Students, the Psychological Capital Scale, the College Adjustment Scale, and general characteristics of nursing students. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0 and PROCESS macro version 4.1. Results: Stress exhibited significant direct and total effects on college adjustment. Additionally, psychological capital, the mediating variable, had a significant direct effect on college adjustment. Moreover, the indirect effect of stress on college adjustment through psychological capital was significant. Conclusion It is necessary to develop strategies to strengthen nursing students’ psychological capital to reduce stress and facilitate successful college adjustment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between stress and college adjustment in nursing students. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive, cross-sectional design. A sample of 284 nursing students was recruited from various South Korean universities. Data were collected through an online survey conducted from October 2021 to February 2022. The questionnaire used in this study included the Revised Life Stress Scale for College Students, the Psychological Capital Scale, the College Adjustment Scale, and general characteristics of nursing students. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0 and PROCESS macro version 4.1. Results: Stress exhibited significant direct and total effects on college adjustment. Additionally, psychological capital, the mediating variable, had a significant direct effect on college adjustment. Moreover, the indirect effect of stress on college adjustment through psychological capital was significant. Conclusion It is necessary to develop strategies to strengthen nursing students’ psychological capital to reduce stress and facilitate successful college adjustment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between stress and college adjustment in nursing students. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive, cross-sectional design. A sample of 284 nursing students was recruited from various South Korean universities. Data were collected through an online survey conducted from October 2021 to February 2022. The questionnaire used in this study included the Revised Life Stress Scale for College Students, the Psychological Capital Scale, the College Adjustment Scale, and general characteristics of nursing students. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0 and PROCESS macro version 4.1. Results: Stress exhibited significant direct and total effects on college adjustment. Additionally, psychological capital, the mediating variable, had a significant direct effect on college adjustment. Moreover, the indirect effect of stress on college adjustment through psychological capital was significant. Conclusion It is necessary to develop strategies to strengthen nursing students’ psychological capital to reduce stress and facilitate successful college adjustment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between stress and college adjustment in nursing students. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive, cross-sectional design. A sample of 284 nursing students was recruited from various South Korean universities. Data were collected through an online survey conducted from October 2021 to February 2022. The questionnaire used in this study included the Revised Life Stress Scale for College Students, the Psychological Capital Scale, the College Adjustment Scale, and general characteristics of nursing students. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0 and PROCESS macro version 4.1. Results: Stress exhibited significant direct and total effects on college adjustment. Additionally, psychological capital, the mediating variable, had a significant direct effect on college adjustment. Moreover, the indirect effect of stress on college adjustment through psychological capital was significant. Conclusion It is necessary to develop strategies to strengthen nursing students’ psychological capital to reduce stress and facilitate successful college adjustment.

IL-32 exists as seven mRNA transcripts that can translate into distinct individual IL-32 variants with specific protein domains. These translated protein domains of IL-32 variants code for specific functions that allow for interaction with different molecules intracellularly or extracellularly. The longest variant is IL-32γ possessing 234 amino acid residues with all 11 protein domains, while the shortest variant is IL-32α possessing 131 amino acid residues with three of the protein domains. The first domain exists in 6 variants except IL-32δ variant, which has a distinct translation initiation codon due to mRNA splicing. The last eleventh domain is common domain for all seven IL-32 variants. Numerous studies in different fields, such as inflammation, autoimmunity, pathogen infection, and cancer biology, have claimed the specific biological activity of individual IL-32 variant despite the absence of sufficient data. There are 4 additional IL-32 variants without proper transcripts. In this review, the structural characteristics of seven IL-32 transcripts are described based on the specific protein domains.
Autoimmunity ; Biology ; Codon, Initiator ; Inflammation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger

The ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure was introduced to reduce fetal hypoxic damage while establishing an airway in fetuses with upper and lower airway obstruction. Delivery of the fetal head and shoulders while maintaining the uteroplacental circulation offers time to secure the fetal airway. Here, we report two cases of EXIT procedure for fetal airway obstruction, which were successfully managed with extensive preoperative planning by a professional multidisciplinary team.
Airway Obstruction* ; Fetal Therapies ; Fetus* ; Head ; Laryngeal Diseases ; Lymphangioma ; Placental Circulation ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Shoulder