No abstract available.
Endocarditis*

Adult* ; Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult*

No abstract available.
Malingering*

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis results from bone loss due to menopause [estrogen(E) deficiency] and aging. Initial skeletal effect of menopause is accelerated bone resorption with an increase in seurm calcium(Ca) and compensatory but inadequate bone formation. Secretion of parathyroid hormone(PTH) is suppressed at this time. Postmenopausal osteoporosis results in fractures predominantly of trabecular bone, i.e., vertebra. With aging, secondary hyperparathyroidism by low serum Ca and vitamin D deficiency superim poses. Senile osteoporosis produces hip fractures, area of cortical bone. The aim of this study was to- examine the association of vitamin D[25(OH)D] and intact(i) PTH with bone mineral density(BMD) after controlling for suggested confounding factors, and the possibility of low serum vitamin D and high serum iPTH concentration could impact bone loss in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS: Data from 188 postmenopausal Korean women aged 42 to 69 were analyzed through BMD, serum 25(OH)D, iPTH, Ca, phosphorus(P), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and clinical characteristics. Factors affecting BMD was determined by Pearson correlation and the relationship between lumbar and femoral neck BMD and vitamin D[25(OH)D] and iPTH was assessed by multiple regression analysis after adjus- ting for suggested confounding factors. RESULTS: Lumbar and femoral neck BMD, serum Ca, P were decresaed and serum iPTH was increased with aging. In Pearson`s correlation, significant contributing factors to lumbar BMD was age, height, weight, menarche, year since menopause(YSM) and ALP. And significant contributing factors to femoral neck BMD was age, height, weight, menarche, YSM and iPTH. No relationship could be demonstrated between serum vitamin D[25(OH)D] and lumbar and femoral neck BMD. How ever, after controlling for potential confounding factors, a correlation was found between vitamin D[25(OH)D] and both of lumbar (p=0.013) and femoral neck BMD(p=0.077). iPTH was inversely related to femoral neck BMD(p=0.004) only in multiple linear regression. CONCLUSION: Serum vitamin D[25(OH)D] was influencing both of vertebral and femoral neck BMD, which suggests a significant role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteo- porosis. In age related remodeling and loss of bone, increased serum iPTH might have additive role in cortical bone of femur. These findings suggest that vitamin D is very important for optimal bone health and a deleterious effect of increased iPTH on cortical bone loss. Adequate calcium and vitamin D status have to be maintained to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women.
Aging ; Bone Density* ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Linear Models ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Parathyroid Hormone* ; Spine ; Tolnaftate ; Vitamin D Deficiency ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis*

Inhalation anesthesia oy endotracheal intubation is commonly used in current anesthetic tech nique. But the increased use of endotracheal tubes in inhalation anesthesia expose the patients to the consequence of increased pressure in the tracheobronchial tree sometimes to a great extent than is true of a patient in whom intubation is not done. In addition, disposable plastic units has been introduced to obviate hazards of cross infection in anesthesia and inhalation therapy and which do not stretch after full inflation. Pressure exceeding 250 cm water may develop within seconds when the plastic units are inadvertently overfilled with gases. Such high pressures transmitted to the airways are harmful. Immediate, prompt and adequate management of the bilateral tension pneumothorax are essential, otherwise the patient becomes rapidly fatal. A case of bilateral tension pneumothorax, which occurred due to a excessive pressure to the airway by use of disposable plastic units was reported.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Cross Infection ; Gases ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Plastics ; Pneumothorax* ; Respiratory Therapy ; Trees ; Water

In the present study, we investigated the differences in the levels of expression of virulence factors between blood isolates of Candida albicans and commensal strain isolated from the oral cavities of health volunteers, and correlations between virulence factors. Blood isolates of 33 and commenal isolates of 71 were characterized by putative virulence factors such as proteinase production (PROT), an ability to adhere to epithelial cells (ADH), cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), phospholipase production (PLASE), and hyphal transition (GERM). In PROT, ADH, CSH, and PLASE, the means of expression of blood isolates were higher compared with those of commensal isolates, however statistical significance was only shown in CSH (p=0.036). On the contrary, mean expression of GERM of blood isolates was lower than that of commensal isolates. Of relationships between virulence factors, although a negative correlation of PROT with CSH was obtained, the correlation was relatively low (r=-0.316, p=0.001). These results suggest that higher expression of CSH is a more distinguishing character in virulent blood isolates of C. albicans and that the expression of virulence factors are independent.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Epithelial Cells ; Healthy Volunteers* ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Phospholipases ; Virulence Factors ; Virulence* ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Capnogram, monitoring of end-tidal CO2, has been a popular tool for assessment of ventilatory status during modern anesthesia. A normal curve on capnogram suggests normal CO2 production, adequate circulation, and adequate ventilation. Level of end-tidal CO2. is different from that of arterial CO2 even in normal individual. The difference is originated from alveolar dead space gas which dilute concentration of CO2 from normal alveoli. In clinical situation, the major factor which determines alveolar dead space is low pulmonary blood flow. Decrease of alveolar capillary perfusion from low cardiac output is the most important cause of low measure of end-tidal CO and large difference between arterial CO2 and end-tidal CO2 concentration in perioperative period. To understand the effect of cardiac output on end-tidal CO2 tension and the difference between arterial CO2 tension and end-tidal CO2 tension, We measured cardiac output before and dutiag administration of nitroglycerine and sodium nitropruside for relieve of myocardial load before aortic clamping in 30 male patients undergoing aortic recontructive surgery under endotracheal anesthesia for repair of infrarenal aortic obstruction. We also measured arterial CO2 tension, and end-tidal CO2 tension at the time of 10% decrease(phasel), 15% decrease(phase2)and 20% decrease(phase3) of cardiac output respectively. Measured values were statistically analyzed to evaluate correlation between cardiac output and end-tidal CO2 tension. The results are as follows: 1) Decreases of cardiac output brought about significant decrease in end-tidal CO2 in all phases compared to control value(p<0,05). 2) Decreases of cardiac output brought about significant increase in the difference between arterial- end-tidal CO2. tension in all phases compared to control value(p<0.05). 3) Changes in cardiac ourput correlated with changes in end-tidal CO2 tension significantly(p=0.0001, r=0.61, slope=2.01). 4) Changes in cardiac ourput correlated with changes in differences between arterial-end-tidal CO2 tension significantly(p=0.0001, r=-0.59, slope=-1.63). In conclusion we suggest that measurement of end-tidal CO2 tension, especially difference between arterial and end-tidal CO2 tension, may be a useful indicator for detection of cardiac output change during operation.
Anesthesia ; Capillaries ; Cardiac Output* ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Constriction ; Humans ; Male ; Nitroglycerin ; Perfusion ; Perioperative Period ; Sodium ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second*