To investigate the tubular major histocompatibility complex(MHC) expression and inflammatory phenotypes in tubulointerstitial nephritis, Lewis rats were inununized with azobenzen-earsonate-tyrosine in complete Freund adjuvant and challenged either foot pad or kidney, either by subcapsular injection or by ex vivo perfusion. The rats were sacrificed 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days after antigenic challenge. Foot pad swelling was significant at the antigenic challenge site (151.8 vs 6.8 x 10(-2) mm) at 24 hours. Tubulointerstitial nephritis was induced by both methods and the inflammatory infiltrate which first appeared on day 2, became prominent at day 5, then gradually subsided in ex vivo perfused rats, while inflannnation started on day 3 in subcapsular injected rats. The major site of inflammation was in the cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla, with predominance of mononuclear cells throughout the course. The inflammatory cells showed mainly OX8 and ED1 positivity with OX19, W3/25 and CD5 positivity in minority. RT1B expression was diffuse in the cytoplasm of proximal tubules at day 2 and 5. These results suggest the involvement of cell mediated immunity in this experimental model, and the possibility that tubular epidielial cells process antigen and then become targets in immune injury.
Rats ; Animals

The pathologic and immunopathologic findings of 15 skin biopsies of Behcet's syndrome were studied to investigate the pathogenetic mechanism of this syndrome. The age range was 28 to 50 years; male to female ratio was 1 : 1.2. Ulceration with acute necrotizing and chronic nonspecific inflammation was present in most cases with leukocytoclastic vasculitis and perivascular lymphohistiocytic, plasmocytic infiltrations. Eight of 15 cases showed C3 deposit in the walls of venules and capillaries, one of them was associated with IgM and fibrinogen deposits. With these findings humoral factor seemed to play a main role in the pathogenesis of vasculitis observed in Behcet's syndrome, but the possibility of other mechanisms operative in complex pattern was also considered.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Cyclosporine* ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

Soft tissue tumor is defined as a tumor occurring in voluntary muscles, fat, fibrous tissue, along with the vessels serving these tissue and peripheral nervous system. It is difficult to make a diagnosis by conventional microscopic observation because of their pleuripotentiality and similar growth characteristics. Although their morphological findings of tumors are similar to one another, their clinical courses, treatment and prognosis are different. So early, correct diagnosis and proper treatment are neccessary. The present study is aimed to evaluate a value of immunoperoxidase staining to make definite diagnosis of soft tissue tumors and its application to surgical pathology. The material consisted of 106 cases of fibrohistiocytic tumors and malignant soft tissue tumors which are morphologically similar to malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors for 5 years period lasting from 1980 to 1984 at the Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. After the classificationof fibrohistiocytic tumors by the Enzinger (1983), clinical finndings were reviewed and peroxidase antiperoxidase(PAP) method with alpha1-antichymotrypsin was done in 15 cases of all fibrohistiocytic tumors. Other soft tissue tumors which were difficult to differentiate from MFH by light microscopic observation were liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and malignant schwannoma. These 21 cases of tumors including MFH were stained with PAP method for alpha1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein and myoglobin. Results obtained were as follows: 1) The cases on study consisted of 19 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 2 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 45 fibrohistiocytic tumors and 11 other benign fibrohistiocytic tumors. 2) The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.8 in benign and intermediate group of fibrohistiocytic tumor, but 2.2 : 1 in malignant histiocytic tumor. 3) Most cases of benign fibrohistiocytic tumors were occurred in 4th and 5th decade of life. Intermediate and malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors were mostly found in late adult life and their mean age was 43.6 year. 4) The most common sites were trunk and both extrimities in benign fibrohistiocytic tumors(88.9%), but head, neck and lower extremities in MFH (78.9%). Two cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans were occurred in turnk and upper extremity. 5) The PAP stain for alpha1-antichymotrypsin was done in 15 cases of 77 fibrohistiocytic tumors which included MFH, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, xanthoma, xanthofibroma, dermatofibroma showed variable degree of positivity to alpha1-antichymotrypsin. The positivity of alpha1-antichymotrypsin revealed no significant difference according to differentiation of the tumors, such as benign, intermediate and malignant. 6) The PAP stain for alpha1-antichymotrypsin revealed diffuse positivity in all cases of MFH and also in a case of malignant schwannoma, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, but myoglobin and S-100 protein were negative. In three cases of leiomyosarcoma, two of rhabdomyosarcoma and three of malignant schwannoma, alpha1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein and myoglobin were negative, although a few positive tumor cells were present, which may the considered as metatypci differentiation. Another possibility of this discordance was loss of antigenicity by improper procedure of paraffin embedding and poor differentiation of tumor cells. In summary, PAP method for specific tumor marker is important for proper diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, and application to surgical pathology.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Tumor Markers, Biological

The rapid frozen section method is a means of intraoperative pathological diagnosis, first introduced by Welch in 1891 and developed as a diagnostic tool by Cullen, Wilson, MacCarty et al. This method serves useful purposes, such as determining the malignancy or benignancy of a suspected lesion, determining the adequacy of a biopsy of a suspected lesion, confirming the presence or absence of metatasis, and identifying small structures. But it bears many disadvantages, the most of which is the danger of incorrect diagnosis. We studied the indications, the limitations and the accuracy of the frozen section method and the materials studied was total cases of frozen section during recent 5 years. The ovarall accuracy of the frozen section diagnosis of 1,603 cases was 96.2% with 0.3% of false positive, 3.5% of false negative and 2.8% of incorrect histological diagnoses or grading errors the tissues submitted for frozen section were lymph node, breast, gastrointestinal tract and soft tissue in decreasing order of frequency. The false positive cases were four in number, while the false negative cases were 53, one third of which were the misdiagnoses of the presence of ganglion cells in Hirschsprung's disease.
Biopsy

We present 9 cases of plexiform schwannoma examined at Severance hospital from January, 1980 to September, 1987. The predilection sites of plexiform schwannoma included head and neck including oral cavity. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 32 years. The difference of sex ratio was not apparent. Histopathological findings revealed multiple round to oval nodules encapsulated by thin fibroconnective tissue with nuclear palisading and Verocay body in each nodule. There was mild to moderate cellular atypia in some area, but mitotic figure was not found. The Bielschowsky's silver stain did not demonstrate any axon within or outside of the nodule. The thin capsule was positive with reticulin stain.

PURPOSE: To establish signal intensity characteristics of the trachea according to the histologic layers, we performed in vivo and in vitro MR studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed MR imaging of the trachea at 1.5T unit in 11 patients mediastinal masses, vascular anomalies, tracheal stenosis or iatrogenic tracheoesophageal fistula, aryepiglottic fold thickening or mass, tracheal carcinoid, one healthy volunteer and one cadaveric trachea. By using anterior, volume neck or 3 inch dual coil with various pulse sequences, axial and coronal images of the trachea were obtained. The tracheal layers with different signal intensity on MR images were correlated with the histology. RESULTS: In vivo and in vitro MR studies revealed two layers of the trachea ;the inner layer had intermediate to high signal and the outer had low signal. The tracheal cartilage showed low signal intensity in all pulse sequences. The submucosa appeared as intermediate signal intensity on T1 weighted images but high signal intersity on other images due to its abundant mucous and mucoserous glands. However, the mucosa and perichondrium could not be defined on MR images. CONCLUSION: Characterization of the signal intensity according to the histologic layers of the trachea might be helpful for the evaluation of intrinsic lesions of the irachea or the possibility of tracheal invasion from the adjacent tumors.
Cadaver ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Cartilage ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck ; Trachea ; Tracheal Stenosis ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Colonization of mammary cancers by melanocytes with heavy pigmentation of cancer cells by melanin can occur very rarely. It is not certain which mechanism operates to achieve this transfer. However, the melanocytes might inject melanin through their dendritic processes or alternatively, the cancer cells phagocytose the terminal parts of the dendritic processes with subsequent dispersal of the contained melanin contained melanin granules. We report a case of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast with melanocyte colonization and pigmentation in a 59-year old female.
Female ; Humans

The thickness of the glomerular basement membrane may vary not only in glomerular disease, but also in normal persons according to age and sex. But there has been no data on the normal thickness of the basement membrane in Korea. This study was designed to determine the glomerular basement membrane thickness as a reference value according to age and sex, in 50 cases of minimal change disease obtained from patients aged 2~67 years. Measurement of glomerular basement membrane was made on electron micrograph using an image analyzer. The thickness of each case was estimated by the arithmetic and harmonic mean methods. The mean thickness of the glomerular basement membrane was 291.9 47.9 nm by harmonic mean method and 284.2 43.7 nm by arithmetic mean method. And the harmonic mean thickness of the glomerular basement membrane according to age was 249.1 32.5 nm (1~5 years), 256.6 45.3 nm (6~10 years), 279.2 57.9 nm (11~15 years), 303.2 43.8 nm (16~20 years), 335.3 37.5 nm (21~30 years), and 291.1 22.5 nm (over 30 years), respectively. There was a trend that the thickness of glomerular basement membranes increased with the age till 30 years of age. There was no significant sex-related difference. In conclusion, the mean glomerular basement membrane thickness is comparable to the data from western people and shows a trend of increasing thickness according to the age.
Basement Membrane ; Glomerular Basement Membrane* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Korea ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Reference Values

A 58-year-old female with an episode of gross hematuria two months before and fever and chill for the past three days presented oliguric acute renal failure. She has taken NSAID intermittently for 18 years due to rheumatoid arthritis, and herb medicine for one week two months ago when gross hematuria developed. Physical examination revealed mild tenderness on costovertebral angles. Her blood pressure was 170/100 mmHg, the urinalysis showed >300 mg protein with many RBCs and 10-20 WBCs and the serum creatinine was 5.8 mg/dl. A renal biopsy performed on the 4th hospital day showed that it was overwhelmed by severe tubular lesions which reveal intratubular obstruction by massive erythrocyte casts and tubular necrosis. The glomeruli showed focal minimal crescents with many red blood cells entrapped in the crescents and in the capillaries. Immune deposits were not present. A renal failure resolved spontaneously and the patient was discharged three weeks later with creatinine of 2.4 mg/dl. In this patient, acute renal failure was considered to be due to a tubular lesion related to the glomerular bleeding from focal glomerulonephritis revealing minimal crescents.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Biopsy ; Blood Pressure ; Capillaries ; Creatinine ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fever ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Hematuria* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Physical Examination ; Renal Insufficiency ; Urinalysis