The authors experienced corneal blood staining after traumatic hyphema with primary open angle glaucoma and studied corneal blood staining by electron microscope. The electron microscpic finding were as follows: 1. The destructive RBC particles were found in entire cornea except deep stroma by light microscope. 2. The destruction of endothelium and intact Descemet's membrane were found and few RBC particles in the keratocyte and interlamellar space were observed by electron microscope. 3. Amorphous granules in the superficial stroma were darker than the ones in the deep stroma by electron microscope. 4. The granules were observed between basal cell layer and wing cell layer in epithelium. We suggest that clearing mechanism of corneal blood staining are scavening action of phagocytic cells and migration from deep layer to superficial layer of granules.
Blood Stains* ; Cornea ; Descemet Membrane ; Endothelium ; Epithelium ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Hyphema* ; Phagocytes

The effects of several anesthetios (thiopental, ketamine, Innoyar) and muscle relaxants (succinylcholine and vecuronium) on IOP, blood pressures and pulse rates were studied in 60 Patients ranging in are 12 to 56 years. IOP was measured with the Schiotz tonometer. In addition to tonometric determinations, the blood pressures and pulse rates were recorded. The patients were divided into 4 groups: Thiopental-succinylcholine-intubation(Group 1) ; Ketamine-succinrlcholine-intubation (Group 2) ; Innovar-succitrlcholine-intubation (Group 3) and Thiopental-vecuronium-intubation (Group 4) . The results were as follows : 1) In group 1 and 4, IOP changes following thiopental(5 mg/kg) administration showed highly significant decreases(p<0.01) after 1 minute compared with the control value. 2) In group 1 and 3, IOP changes after 1 minute following succinrlcholine administration showed mild increases and were not statistically significant(p>0.05) and in group 2, IOP changes after 5 minute following succinylcholine administration shewed highly significant increases (p<0.01) . 3) In group 3, IOP changes after 5 minutes following Innovar (1 ml/15 kg) administration showed highly significant decreases (p<0.01) compared with the control value. 4) IOP changes after 1 minute of endotracheal intubation showed highly significant inc- reases (p<0.01) in all groups compared with the control value. 7) In group 4, IOP changes following vecuronium administration instead of succinylcholine showed highly significant decreases, but could not prevent the increases in IOP following endotracheal intubation. 6) In all groups, blood pressures and pulse rates showed highly significant increases after endotracheal intubation. 7) After succinylcholine administration, blood pressures showed aignificant increases in group 1 and highly significant increases in group 2. 8) In group 2, blood pressures showed highly significant increases after ketamine administration.
Anesthetics* ; Blood Group Antigens ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Ketamine ; Succinylcholine ; Vecuronium Bromide

The incidence of metastasis to the eye and its related structure on recent studies appear to be more common than previous studies demonstrate. The authors experienced a case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the conjunctiva. A 48-year-old man with known hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver had a mass surrounded with blood clot on the upper palpebral conjunctiva of right eye. A biopsy demonstrated that the lesion was hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to the conjunctiva.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Conjunctiva ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis

The effects of general anesthesia on intraocular pressure were studied in 30 patients ranging in age from 15 to 48 years old. The intraocular pressure was measured by the Schiotz tonometer. The patients were divided into 2 groups: thiopental-succinylcholine-intubation (Group 1) and thiopental-vecuronium-intubation(Group 2). The results were as follows: 1) IOPs after thiopental(5 mg/kg) administration were decreased significantly compared with the control value in both group(p<0.05). 2) IOP after succinylcholine administration were elevated, but it was not statistically significant compared with the control value. 3) IOP after vecuronium administration was decreased significantly compared with the control value(p<0.05). 4) IOP after intubation were elevated significantly compared with control value in both groups(p<0.05). 5) IOP at 10 minutes after the induction of general anesthesia was not changed compared with the control value in group 1, but was decreased significantly in group 2(p<0.05).
Anesthesia, General* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intubation ; Middle Aged ; Succinylcholine ; Vecuronium Bromide

No abstract available.
Aged* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between idiopathic scoliosis and facial deformity in the horizontal, vertical, and anteroposterior planes. METHODS: A total of 123 female patients aged 14 years or older, who visited the Spine Clinic at the Department of Orthopedics, Korea University Guro Hospital for treatment of idiopathic scoliosis, were enrolled. Whole-spine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken with the patient in a naturally erect position, and frontal and lateral cephalograms were taken in an erect position with the Frankfort horizontal line parallel to the floor. Scoliosis was classified according to the Cobb angle and Lenke classification of six curve types. Cephalometric tracing in all cases was carried out with V-Ceph 5.5 by the same orthodontist. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to determine whether any relation existed between each group of the idiopathic scoliosis classification and the cephalometric measurements of frontal and lateral cephalograms. RESULTS: The measurements did not reveal any significant association between the Cobb angle and cephalometric measurements and between the curve type based on the Lenke classification and cephalometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, no apparent relation was observed between the severity of scoliosis and facial form variations in idiopathic scoliosis patients.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Orthopedics ; Scoliosis* ; Spine

Osteochondromas make up about 30% to 40% of benign bone tumors. Most are solitary lesions but some are multiple, usually with autosomal dominant inheritance. From 1% to 4% of osteochondromas occur in the spine, where they can cause a variety of signs and symptoms, including those of spinal cord compression. Isolated osteochondromas are usually of little significance. However, if they are located near neural structures, they may cause irritation due to mechanical compression. In patients with hereditary multiple exostoses who present with neck or back pain, and particularly in those who have neurologic symptoms in the upper or lower extremities, a diagnosis of intracanalicular osteochondroma should be presumed until proven otherwise. Computerized tomography(CT) and MRI are the imaging procedures of choice. Prompt surgical excision affords the best prognosis for these patients who have spinal cord compression secondary to intracanalicular osteochondroma.
Back Pain ; Diagnosis ; Exostoses* ; Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Osteochondroma* ; Prognosis ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spine ; Wills

Isolated fracture of the distal humeral trochlea occurs while the axial load delivered to the elbow passes through the trochlear of the distal humerus. It has been rarely reported, because of those reasons. The trochlea is located deep inside of the elbow joint space and since it does not have the direct attachment with muscles or ligaments, a force is hardly transmitted directly. Also ulno-humeral joint is less influenced by compressive or shear force than radio-humeral joint. We report a case of isolated trochlear fracture with review of the literature.
Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Humerus ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Muscles

For the physical characterization of neutron beam, dosimetric measurements had been performed to obtain physical data of KCCH cyclotron-produced neutrons for clinical use. The results are presented and compared with the data of other institutions from the literatures. The central aixs percent depth dose, build-up curves and open and wedge isodose curve values are intermediate between that of a 4 and 6 MV X-ray. The build-up level of maximum dose was at 1.35 cm and entrance dose was approximately 40%. Flatness of the beam was 9% at Dmax and less than+/-3% at the depth of 80% isodose line. Penumbra begond the 20% line is wider than corresponding photon beam. The output factors ranged 0.894 for 6 x 6 cm field to 1.187 for 30 x 30 cm field. gamma contamination of neutron beam was 4.9% at 2 cm depth in 10 x10 cm field.
Cyclotrons ; Neutrons*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to review retrospectively 28 patients with re-operation due to complications related to instrumentation from thoracic and lumbar spinal fusion surgery. METHODS: A total of 285 patients underwent spinal fusion surgery with instrumentation between 1996 and 2000. Of these, 11 men and 17 women(mean age 46 years, range 21 to 69 years) presented with complications related to instrumentation. Previous surgery was preformed for vertebral column instability secondary to fracture(4), spondylolisthesis(12), failed back surgery syndrome(7), osteomyelitis(1), herniated nuclus pulposus(4). All patients underwent repeated spinal surgery including removal of instrument, new instrument fixation, or I & D. The mean follow-up period after second operation was 19 months. RESULTS: The complications related instrumentation system include six interbody fusion system retropulsion, eight screw loosenings, five screw fractures, three screw malpositions, three osteomyelitis, and one donor site infection. After repeated surgery, eight became asymptomatic and did not require further treatment, but eleven showed persistent low back pain without neurological deficits and the remaining nine continued to have nerve root deficits. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, spinal fusion surgery with instrumentation offers an immediate postoperative stability of the thoracic and lumbar spine and enhances early fusion. However, it may be associated with few, but significant, complications which may permanantly. The proper selection of patients and meticulous surgical technique for surgery are probably the most important factors associated good outcomes and prevention of complications.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Osteomyelitis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion* ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Tissue Donors