No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans

The radial head forms articulation with radial head fossa of proximal ulna and capitellum, and it ditectly contributes pronation and supination of forearm and also flexion and extension of elbow. There were debates in treatment of radial head fracture especially in displaced or communited fracture. From January 1982 to February 1992, we experienced and analysed 29 cases of radial head fracture. They were treated with conservative treatment or operative treatment according to type The results were as follows; 1. We could get better results with open reduction and internal fixation with miniscrew than radial head excision in type 11 radial head fracture. 2. There were unfavorable results of valgus instability, weakness in all cases of radial head excision.
Elbow ; Forearm ; Head ; Pronation ; Supination ; Ulna

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve*

The incidence of severe hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has been increasing. However, clinicopathologic features of severe HAV infection that lead to liver transplantation (LT) have not been reported in Korea. We retrieved 16 LT cases with HAV infection during the last 3 years at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Fifteen cases progressed to hepatic encephalopathy. Thirteen cases survived with or without complications, and three patients died of sepsis. The explanted liver showed massive or zonal necrosis with moderate to severe cholestasis. The zonal distribution of necrosis was frequently associated with endothelialitis of portal and/or central veins. Degenerative changes of hepatocytes were various in degree and distribution. Viral inclusions were suspected in two cases. Although HAV infection is usually confirmed by serological tests, significant venulitis of central and/or portal veins and viral inclusions, which are rarely observed, can suggest an HAV infection as a cause of massive hepatic necrosis of unknown mechanism.
Cholestasis ; Fluconazole ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Massive Hepatic Necrosis ; Necrosis ; Portal Vein ; Sepsis ; Serologic Tests ; Veins

c-erbB-2 oncogene is a normal cellular proto-oncogene coding transmembrane glycoprotein structurally similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Amplification of this oncogene in a variety of human adenocarcinomas has been reported and is particularly well documented in breast carcinoma. It has been suggested that amplification of this oncogene is indicative of poor prognosis and is valuable only second to the lymph node status. Using immunohistochemical staining for the c-erbB-2 protein, overexpression of this protein was analysed in 228 primary breast cancer specimens and the frequency of overexpression and the relationship between overexpression and the other established prognostic variables are evaluated. Ninty three cases out of 228 cases(40.8%) show postive oncoprotein overexpression and using the chi-squared test for a trend, a significant correlation was found between c-erbB-2 protein staining and the histological grade, lymph node status, and estrogen receptor status(P<0.05). No significant association was found between staining and the patient's age and tumor size. Most of the tumors with histological types known to have good prognosis showed negative expression. Above findings strongly suggest that expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene is another independent indicator of poor prognosis in breast carcinoma.
Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Breast Neoplasms

Serum is free of cellular components. Because DNA is located in the nuclei or mitochondria of cells, serum could be assumed DNA free. Few previously published case reports to date have used serum for DNA typing. Here, we report on human genotyping via short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using serum as a sample, and discuss problems involved in the process.
DNA Fingerprinting* ; DNA* ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Mitochondria

Chronic nonspecific diarrhea (CNSD) or toddler's diarrhea is the most frequent cause of chronic diarrhea in young children of developed countries. The pathogenesis of CNSD remains unclear. It has been associated with drinking large amounts of fluids and fruit juices that contain large amounts of fructose and sorbitol. Reduction in the intake of fat and fiber can also be the cause of CNSD. Children with CNSD do not show signs of malnutrition or growth retardation. They experience watery stools four to more than ten times daily. Stools are foul smelling, occasionally with undigested food remnants because of the short transit time. The patients do not normally suffer from their ailment; however, diarrhea may cause parents to be extremely worried. Pediatricians and primary physicians have to diagnose CNSD with clinical symptoms and exclusion of specific illness. Proper dietary manipulation improves the condition of most patients.
Child ; Developed Countries ; Diarrhea ; Drinking ; Fructose ; Fruit ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Parents ; Smell ; Sorbitol

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the scintigraphic findings and diagnostic accuracy of double-phase Tc-99m sestamibi scan in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 16 cases of primary (18 lesions) and 11 cases of secondary HPT (44 lesions) who underwent Tc-99m-sestamibi scan before the surgical intervention. Scan was performed using LEM camera (Siemens, Germany) after the injection of 740MBq of Tc-99m sestamibi. Routine image consisted of baseline and 3-hour delayed images and each image was obtained using both parallel and pine hole collimator. The study population was 27 patients (male/female=5/22, age: 49.1+/-10.8). RESULTS: Eighteen lesions of primary HPT consisted of 13 adenomas and 5 hyperplasias, while all lesions of secondary HPT were hyperplasias. Among the case of primary HPT, we could detect all the lesions of 13 adenomas but only 2 lesions of 5 hyperplasias (40%) could be detected by double phase scintigraphy. Three cases of primary lesion showed decreased uptake in delayed images compared with baseline. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy of primary and secondary HPT were 58.8% (10/17), 83.3% (10/12), 83.3% (10/12), 75.9% (22/29), and 37.5% (15/40), 50% (2/4), 88.2% (15/17), 38.6% (17/44), respectively. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy were 43.9% (25/57), 75% (12/16), 86.2% (25/29), and 53.4% (39/73). There were no statistical difference between the weight of primary and secondary HPT lesion (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Tc-99m sestamibi scan is fairly good modality to detect parathyroid lesion in patient with primary HPT before the surgical intervention. However, since some of cases may reveal decreased uptake in delayed image, a careful attention to the findings of baseline images may be helpful. Still the low accuracy of sestamibi scan in diagnosis of secondary HPT prohibits routine use of it for this disease.
Adenoma ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary* ; Hyperplasia ; Parathyroid Glands ; Radionuclide Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Cardiac electromechanical dissociation is a cause of cardiac arrest and this is characterized by regularly recurring QRS complexes and T waves- P waves may even be present. without an obtainable blood pressure and pulse. Such findings in man are almost invariably associated with a fatal outcome although one can observe this phenomenon in potentially treatable disorders. Recognition of these disorders on the basis of certain clinical and electrocardiographic findings may be of clinical importance. This experimental study on rabbits was performed to observe electromechanical dissociation (E.M.D.) and to recognize its clinical importance, in exsanguinating hemorrhage with the cutting of the right femoral artery. The results were as follows: 1) The incidence of E.M.D. was 100 percent. 2) In the all cases except two cardiac rhythm showed sinus rhythm but in two cases it was difficult to distinguish it from nodal rhythm. 3) Heart rate at the time of E.M.D showed a significant increase of 13,8 percent as compared with the control. 4) The voltage of the P wave and QRS complex at the time of E.M.D. showed a significant decreases of the former, 34.7%, and the latter, 30%, as compared with the control. and the QRS complex at the time of E.M.D showed severe axis deviation. 5) In seven cases in all, the voltage of the T wave at the time of E.M.D, showed a significant decrease of 61. 3 percent (one case showed T wave inversion) and the others showed. conversely a significant increase of 271 percent. 6) Regarding change of interval, the QRS interval showed no changes and P-R and Q-T intervals showed shortening of 14, 7% and 2.4%. 7) We consider that devices for heart sound, pulse or blood pressure monitoring should be: combined with ECG monitoring.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitors ; Electrocardiography ; Exsanguination* ; Fatal Outcome ; Femoral Artery ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Rate ; Heart Sounds ; Incidence ; Rabbits*