No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Inhalation* ; Respiratory Therapy*

The trends of gastric cancer in Korea are changing, such as an increase of early and minute gastric cancer. The standard treatment of gastric cancer has become more complicated. Endoscopic treatment of gastric cancer is considered to be a useful procedure towards a curative or conservative treatment of early gastric cancer or advanced gastric cancer. Recent advances in endoscopic treatment technique are truly remarkable. The advances allow minimally invasive treatment of diseases that would otherwise require major surgery. New techniques will continue to solve the limitations of endoscopic treatment and their use will also continue to expand accordingly.
Korea ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

Five ten per cent of asthmatics remain symptomatic despite high-dose treatment. Difficult asthma must be distinguished from severe asthma. Difficult asthma was defined as persistence of symptoms despite treatment at step wise recommended. It is then important in patients with suspected difficult asthma to ensure that the diagnosis is correct, and that if the patient has asthma that the attributed symptoms are indeed all genuinely due to the asthma and not to coexisting physical or psychogenic respiratory conditions. It is also important to be alert to recognize both poor perceivers and over-reactors. Asthma may be difficult for the patient, for the clinician or both because of disease factors, doctor or nurse therapist factors, and/or patient factors. Investigation requires access to the full range of respiratory, imaging and allergy tests. There remains a small number of patients with genuine steroid-resistant asthma, brittle asthma and asthma with airway remodeling. The anti-inflammatory effects of GCs are mediated through receptors that modulate inflammatory gene expression. GC resistance results from an interaction between susceptibility genes, the host's environment, and immunologic factors. The management of these patients requires a systematic approach to rule out underlying conditions that lead to GC resistance or treatment failure, as well as the use of alternative strategies to inhibit tissue inflammation.
Airway Remodeling ; Asthma* ; Diagnosis ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunologic Factors ; Inflammation ; Treatment Failure

BACKGROUND: Murine IL-2-induced lymphokine-activated killers can be divided into two mutually exclusive subset:NK1.1'CD8 and NK1.1 CD8+. However, there is a strong evidence that NK cell may belong to T cell lineage. Recently novel lymphocyte subsets, present in the adult murine thymus, CD3+NK1.1'TCRap(TNK) cell is readily identifiable in fresh obtained murine adult CD4 CD8 thymocytes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We sorted out CD4 and CD8 (double negative.' DN) cells and CD8+ cells from murine spleen and cultivated these cells with IL-2. And the surface B220, CD8, NK1. 1 and cytopasmic NK1.1 was analysed simultaneously to see whether these cells can be switched to the other subtype of cells. RESULT: Purified DN cells were switched to several subtype of cells'. CD8'B220+(LAK cells), NK1.1'B220+(LAK cells), CD8 B220, cytoplasmic NK1.1+B220 cells. Purified CD8 cells were switched to CD8+B220' LAK cells and cytoplasmic NK1.1+ CD8+ B220+ and cytoplasmic NK1.1' CD8 B220 cells. In addition, the CD8' cells originated from DN cells do not express the cytoplasmic NK1.1 in contrary to the sorted CD8 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that these will be useful models to investigating CD8 precursor potentials in populations of CD4 CD8 (doble negative) cells and relationship of NK1.1 These results also supports the hypothesis that T cells and NK cells have same ontogeny and CD8 effector functions are potentially diverse and could be exploited by various conditions that switch off host protected cytolytic response. These model offer a way to study the molecular regulation of CD8 gene expression.
Adult ; Cell Lineage ; Cytoplasm ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Interleukin-2* ; Interleukins* ; Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymocytes ; Thymus Gland

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans* ; Interleukins*

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Humans* ; Interleukins*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Phenol* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Cerebral Palsy*

Congenital tricuspid stenosis is an uncommon congenital heart anomaly. Tricuspid stenosis is usually associated with other anomalies, most commonly severe pulmonary stenosis or atresia with secondary hypoplasia of the right ventricle. Clinically it may be difficult to distinguish from tricuspid atresia. A case of congenital tricuspid stenosis in a 32 day-old-girl is presented. The patient had cyanosis and dyspnea. Echocardiographic study revealed tricuspid stenosis with right ventricular hypoplasia, atrial septal defect and pulmonary stenosis.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Tricuspid Atresia

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta) has multiple regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, and it has been suggested that differentiation of lymphoid cells is influenced by low concentra tions of this cytokine. OBJECTIVES: The aim or this study was to investigate the role of TGF-beta in regulation of T cell growth and differentiation, and to compare this effect with that of other cell signals known to be important in T cell ontogeny. METHODS: We used the CTLL-2 cell line in the presence of IL-2. Surface phenotype expression was analysed to see whether these cells could be switched to the other subtype of cells. RESULT: Treatment of CTLL-2 cells with TGF-beta resulted in dose dependent growth inhibition and morphological changes. Curing routine passage, less than 5% of cells were CD8alpha positive, whereas 38% of cells expressed CD8alpha when treated with IL-2 plus TGF-beta. However, TPA plus calcium ionophore, IFN-gamma, or TNF-alpha caused no significant changes in the proportion of CD8 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results show that this experiment can be a useful model for investigating CD8 precursor potentials in populations of CD4-CD8-(double negative) cells, and such a model may offer a way to study the molecular regulation of CD8 gene expression.
Calcium ; Cell Line* ; Gene Expression ; Immune System ; Interleukin-2 ; Lymphocytes ; Phenotype ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha