The nevus of Ota is a benign dermal melanocytic lesion that most commonly occurs unilaterally in areas innervated by the first and second division of the trigeminal nerve. Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules(ABNOM) are located bilaterally on the forehead, temples, eyelids, cheeks, and/or nose. They usually occur in the fourth or fifth decade of life in women(rarely in men). In contrast to the nevus of Ota, ABNOM have not been observed in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, nose, or eyes. Traditional treatments were palliative, risky electrocautery, or cryotherapy. These methods resulted in permanent pigmentary changes and/or scarring. Recently utilizing the principle of selective photothermolysis, the Q-switched Alexandrite laser has been reported to be successful in treating benign pigmentary lesions and tattoos. Our study evaluated the treatment of 127 patients with nevus of Ota and ABNOM with the Q-switched Alexandrite laser(755 nm, 100 nsec). Nevi were treated up to 7 times with 7-8 J/cm2 at a minimum of 6 weeks interval. Good therapeutic effects were gained (up to 50% improvement was seen in 89% of patients.) and our patients were very satisfied. No patients had permanent textural change or scarring. Treatment with on Alexandrite laser for nevus of Ota & ABNOM is considered to be a safe and effective method.
Cheek ; Cicatrix ; Cryotherapy ; Electrocoagulation ; Eyelids ; Forehead ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Mouth ; Mucous Membrane ; Nevus of Ota ; Nevus* ; Nose ; Trigeminal Nerve

A various type of hairline and height of forehead is considered as a result of genetic effect. The conventional corrective surgical operation of low hairline in forehead has been too complicated and painful to apply, and also has many disadvantages such as scar, bleeding, risks of anesthesia. Recently four classes of devices are designed to remove hair with intense light beam : Nd-Yag lasers with carbon cream, the Ruby lasers, the Alexandrite lasers, and the polychromic broad band light source of flashlamp technology. The goal of these therapeutic modality is to destroy the melanin pigment selectively in hair follicle without injuring the skin for permanent epilation. We have been used long pulse infrared Alexandrite laser for treat low hair line in 27 patients from Dec. 1997 to Dec. 1998. We experienced 3 cases of temporary hyperpigmentation and 1 case of bulla, and the most of patients were satisfied in 89%. The average lengthening of forehead was 2.2cm (median line) and 2.3cm (paramedian line). We achieved successful result without permanent hyperpigmentation or scarring
Anesthesia ; Carbon ; Cicatrix ; Forehead ; Hair Follicle ; Hair Removal ; Hair* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Melanins ; Skin

The tape-worm spirometra mansonoides infests man world-widely, particularly in Asian countries with rare involvement of the central nervous system. Recently, the authors have experienced 7 cases of cerebral sparganosis, and reviewed their clinical manifestation, radiographic findings, operative and pathologic findings, and follow-up results. The cerebral sparganosis manifests headache, seizure, or hemiparesis. Most of patient had episodes of eating frogs or snakes. The brain CT scan showed low density area with ipsilateral ventricular dilatation. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) test showed positive response to serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The best treatment for cerebral sparganosis mansoni is surgical removal, from which we confirmed 4(17%) cases of live worms in operative and patholgic findings, and most of the seizure disappeared or decreased after operation.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Dilatation ; Eating ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Paresis ; Seizures ; Snakes ; Sparganosis* ; Spirometra ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Five separate incidences of patients with cerebrovascular disease(CVD) were revealed among 555 craniocerebral traumatic victims between 1991 and 192. The 5 cases of with cerebrovascular disease revealed included 3 aneurysm. 1 arteriovenous malformation and 1 spontaneous intracerebral hematoma caused by angiographic study. The frequent use of computerized tomographic scans in the evaluation of head-injured victims can well demonstrate an intracerebral hemorrhage, but may not ge able to detect the associated cerebrovascular disease;whereas the efficacy of angiogrphy, on the contrary, has been losing its popularity as diagnostic armamentarium. The importance of angiographic study should be considered, if clinical signs and/or brain CT ideate the possibility of cerebrovascular disease even during the course of head injury management.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Incidence

PURPOSE: To report a case of visual loss, side weakness and facial palsy due to ophthalmic artery occlusion with diffuse multiple cerebral infarctions after injection of hyaluronic acid. CASE SUMMARY: A 50-year-old female visited our clinic for visual loss in the left eye after filler injection in the glabella. Her best corrected visual acuity was 1.0 in the right eye and hand motion in the left eye. The intraocular pressure was 8 mm Hg in the right eye and 14 mm Hg in the left eye. In the left eye, there was abnormal pupillary light reflex and complete extra-ocular muscles palsy with blepharoptosis. A pale retina with a cherry-red-spot also appeared in the left fundus. A central retinal artery occlusion was observed on fluorescein angiography and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral infarctions at the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Four days later, the motor weakness was aggravated and dysarthria and aphasia became worse. According to symptoms, a hemorrhagic transformation in subacute infarctions developed based on brain computed tomography. After 3 months of follow up, the visual acuity in the left eye was no light perception. However, the general conditions including ophthalmoplegia and motor weakness were improved.
Aphasia ; Blepharoptosis ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Dysarthria ; Facial Paralysis ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Infarction ; Intraocular Pressure ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Occipital Lobe ; Ophthalmic Artery* ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Paralysis ; Rabeprazole ; Reflex ; Retina ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologic change in the liver after injection of various kinds of sclerosants, andto thus determine whether 50% acetic acid, a new sclerosant, is suitable for percutaneous intrahepatic injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four kinds of clinically available sclerosants were used : 50% acetic acid, 99% ethanol,10% phenol, and hot saline. Each group consisted of ten rats, and 0.1ml of each sclerosant was directly injectedinto the liver. After two days and one week, gross and histopathologic findings of resected liver in the area oftissue necrosis, as well as the degree of extrahepatic peritoneal adhesion, were assessed in each group. RESULTS:In all groups, the main pathologic changes were acute necrosis with inflammation after two days and secondaryregenerative fibrosis after week. In the 50% acetic acid injection group, the degree of necrosis was more severeand the mean diameter of the necrotic area was greater ; this latter was not, however, significantly wider than inthe 99% ethanol injection group, though was significantly wider than in the 10% phenol and hot saline injectiongroup. CONCLUSION: When used for percutaneous injection, 50% acetic acid, caused more tissue necrosis than 99%ethanol, 10% phenol, or hot saline. We therefore conclude that this acid may be useful for percutaneousintrahepatic injection of a hepatic tumor.
Acetic Acid* ; Animals ; Ethanol ; Fibrosis ; Inflammation ; Liver ; Necrosis ; Phenol ; Rats ; Sclerosing Solutions*

In human, Human Papilloma Virus(HPV) is associated with benign squamous tumors in a variety of body sites. But the relationship between HPV infection and malignant epithelial lesions is not clear. Esophageal squamous papilloma is relatively rare tumor but it is reported with increasing frequency recently. We reviewed twenty six patients of esophageal papilloma diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy from 1990 to 1994. The results are as follows; The peak age is fifth decade, men and women ratio is 1: 1.2. Most papillomas located in distal esophagus and have no specific symptoms related to papilloma. All case are sessile form and no malignant change in follow up endoscopy.
Biopsy ; Endoscopy ; Esophagus ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Papilloma*

PURPOSE: Replication error is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis. The microsatellite instability (MSI-H) of colorectal cancers is associated with the development of multiple cancers. The influence of MSI-H on the development of multiple gastric cancers in sporadic gastric cancer patients has not been defined. This study was performed to reveal the association between the clinicopathologic features and MSI in sporadic gastric cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2004 and March 2009, the clinicopathologic characteristics, including MSI status, were evaluated in 128 consecutive patients with sporadic gastric cancers. None of the patients had hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer of familial gastric cancer. The markers that were recommended by the NCI to determine the MSI status for colorectal cancers were used. RESULTS: MSI-H cancers were found in 10.9% of the patients (14/128). Synchronous gastric cancers were shown in 4 patients (3.1%). Synchronous cancers were found in 2 of 14 patients with MSI-H gastric cancer (14.3%) and 2 of 114 patients with MSS gastric cancer (1.8%; P=0.059, Fisher's exact test). Among the patients with synchronous cancer 50% (2/4) had MSI-H cancer, but 9.7% of the patients (12/124) without synchronous cancer had MSI-H cancer. MSI-H (RR, 24.7; 95% CI, 1.5~398.9; P=0.024) was related with to synchronous gastric cancer, but age, gender, family history, histologic type, location, gross morphology, size, and stage were not related to synchronous gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS: MSI is associated with the intestinal-type gastric cancer and the presence of multiple gastric cancers in patients with sporadic gastric cancer. Special attention to the presence of synchronous and the development of metachronous multiple cancer in patients with MSI-H gastric cancer is needed.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Microsatellite Instability ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Succinimides

Although the required extent of lymph node dissection remains controversial, surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, only approximately 30% of patients are diagnosed as operable, and an R0 resection will be achieved in only 40~60% of these. Since R0 resection and the treatment response of the primary cancer or resected specimen are significant prognostic factors in locally advanced gastric cancer, various preoperative treatment modalities have been attempted to induce downstaging and improve complete nodal resection. Several recent studies revealed that preoperative chemoradiation therapy can prolong patient survival by improving the R0 resection rate and treatment response. Here, we present an advanced gastric cancer patient with serosal penetration involving multiple perigastric and celiac lymph nodes who underwent radical surgery and entered complete remission after S1 and cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiation therapy. Pathology revealed total necrosis of the tumor cells, and fibrous nodules in 2 out of 47 resected lymph nodes indicated dead cancer cells due to chemoradiation therapy. Subsequently, the patient received an additional six rounds of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil/tegafur (UFT) and cisplatin. Follow-up imaging showed no evidence of tumor recurrence.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cisplatin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms

This study was undertaken to investigate the change of ear swelling response (ESR) of the mice according to repetitive ultraviolet radiation. 100mJ/crn of UVB was irradiated daily for 4 weeks, and a total of 25 C57BL mice were used as subjects. The results were as follows : 1. After 1 day, 2 days and 3 days irradiation of UVB, ESR reached 21.3+/-1.5, 22.3+/-1.1 and 24.3+/-1.6 respectively with increasing tendency, but there was no statistical significance (Wilcoxon rank sum test p>0.05). 2. ESR reached at maximum, 78.0+/-1.8, after 1 week(p<0.01), thereafter ESR decreased gradually with reparative process. 3. Inspite of continued irradiation, ESR decreased gradually after 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks irradiation, ESR decreased to 51.6+/-11.8, 45.1+/- 3.3 and 42.8+/-6.8 respectively, but, there were still increment of ESR (p<0.01).
Animals ; Ear* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL* ; Skin*