After the percutaneous transarterial technique was introduced by Seldinger in 1953, the percutaneous transcatheter embolization technique was developed. Autologous clot, first used by Doppman in 1968 to occlude a spinal arteriovenous malformation, was quickly adopted for management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, genitourinary hemorrhage, traumatic hemorrhage, and hemoptysis. The notable improvement of the angiographic techniques rendered the interventional treatment the mainstay in the management of bleeding. Interventional treatment can be a life-saving procedure for massive bleeding or an important adjunct in reducing blood loss during operation and occasionally radical treatment of bleeding diseases. The goal of embolotherapy is to reduce the pulse pressure in the bleeding artery while maintaining an enough collateral flow to preserve the tissue viability. A variety of embolic materials have been proved safe and effective. Gelfoam pledget, polyvinyl alcohol, and coil are most commonly used. Gelfoam powder, extremely small polyvinyl alcohol, and absolute alcohol should be used carefully because of the risk of mucosal ischemia and necrosis.
Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Blood Pressure ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Ethanol ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage* ; Ischemia ; Necrosis ; Polyvinyl Alcohol ; Tissue Survival

Antral web is a very rare cause of vomiting in child, known to be a congenital disorder caused by incomplete recanalization of embryonic foregut, and in almost cases treated surgically. Author experienced a case of antral web in a 4-year-old boy who had suffered from severe abdominal pain for 2 months, in whom erosive duodenitis was noted on endoscopic examination. The patient became symptomfree after 1 week of conservative treatment for duodenitis. No specific therapy was not required for the antral web. Author concluded that surgical treatment is indicated for the clinically severe cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities ; Duodenitis ; Humans ; Male ; Vomiting

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Dizziness* ; Pallor*

Six cases of right external iliac and common femoral arterial thrombotic occlusions following transfemoral cardiac catheterization were found among the 117 infants and children with congenital heart disease. Physical findings of arterial thrombosis were lower extremity coldness and absence of femoral pulse, which appeared just after cardiac catheterization. Transcatheter local intrathrombotic infusion of Urokinase were done with 50000 IU bolus doses and 40000-50000 IU/h running doses. All 6 cases showed complete thrombolysis and re-establishment of femoral circulation. Three cases developed bleeding from arterial puncture sites, and were subsequently controlled properly by compression. No other complication was found. Our results suggest that local thrombolytic therapy with Urokinase is effective treatment method without significant complication for the infants and children with fresh thrombotic occlusions following cardiac catheterization and angiography.
Angiography ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Catheterization* ; Catheters* ; Child* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant* ; Lower Extremity ; Methods ; Punctures ; Running ; Thrombolytic Therapy* ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator*

No abstract available.
Colon, Ascending*

No abstract available in English.
Lower Extremity

Candida albicans is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis and usually is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Dysphagia and odynophagia are the usual presenting complaints and, importantly, oral lesions are absent in 50 percent of patients. The role of gastrointestinal endoscopy in diagnosing fungal infections of the esophagus is primary. It is the most definitive and often the only method of detecting esophageal candidiasis. Accurate endoscopic diagnosis by biopsy or brushing leads to the initiation nf effective therapy. We have experienced a case of esophageal candidiasis in an 11-year-old girl who was immunologically normal and whose main symptoms were epigastric abdominal pain and nausea for 4 months. The endoscopic and pathologic findings of esophageal candidiasis were presented.
Abdominal Pain* ; Biopsy ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis* ; Child* ; Deglutition Disorders ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Esophagitis ; Esophagus* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Intestines* ; Nausea ; Opportunistic Infections ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Brain Death* ; Brain*

BACKGROUND: The warts may promptly return despite being treated with a myriad of destructive methods. The most successful treatment has been the intralesional injection of bleomycin sulfate, but unplessant side effects caused by the difficulty of infiltrating only the wart tissue have limited its use. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the effects of bleopunciure technique in the treatment of warts. METHODS: We performed a multiple puncture technique using a 25 gauge hypodermic needle to introduce bleomycin hydrochloricle into warts. RESULTS: This technique resulted in elimination of 91.4% of a random series on 105 warts after a single treatment. Recurrence and side effects were not observed during a 1 year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: We experienced a superior technique for introducing Heomycin into the wart, which has resulted in the cure of a signficant number of warts following a sing treatment.
Bleomycin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Injections, Intralesional ; Needles ; Punctures ; Recurrence ; Warts*