No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus*

No abstract available.

Mediastinal fibrosis is pathologically characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of mediastinal soft tissue. Mediastinal fibrosis is local expression of a family of systemic fibrosing syndroms. This can result in compression of adjacent mediastinal structures. Idiopathic fibrosing syndromes include retroperitoneal fibrosis, sclerosing cholangitis of the orbit and fibrosis of the thyroid gland(Riedel's struma). The cause of these disorders is obscure, in some instance there is an underlying malignancy, infection, history of drug ingestion, or trauma with retoperitoneal bleeding. Treatment of mediastinal fibrosis depends on structures involved by the fibrotic process. The disease is self limited in most case or improved by steroids uses. We experienced a case of idopathic solerosing mediastinitis with orbital fibrous dysplasia of unknown cause, which was confirmed by open lung biopsy, so reported it with a review of literature.
Biopsy ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Eating ; Fibrosis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Mediastinitis ; Orbit ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ; Steroids ; Thyroid Gland

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an inherited X-linked disorder. The WAS gene is located on the X chromosome and undergoes mutations, which affect various domains of the WAS protein, resulting in recurrent infection, eczema, and thrombocytopenia. However, the clinical features and severity of the disease vary according to the type of mutations in the WAS gene. Here, we describe the case of a 4-year-old boy with a history of marked thrombocytopenia since birth, who presented with recurrent herpes simplex infection and late onset of eczema. Examination of his family history revealed that older brother, who died from intracranial hemorrhage, had chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Therefore, we proceeded with genetic analysis and found a new deletion mutation in the WAS gene: c.858delC (p.ser287Leufs*21) as a hemizygous form.
Eczema ; Herpes Simplex ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Methylmethacrylates ; Parturition ; Polystyrenes ; Sequence Deletion ; Siblings ; Thrombocytopenia ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome ; X Chromosome

Myositis caused by mumps virus is very rare. Mumps virus has been suggested as a causative agent of inclusion body myositis, but there has been no definite evidence. We experienced a case of severe myositis associated with mumps virus infection. A 21-year old man was admitted because of myalgia, headache, fever, and chill for 2 months. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis performed at a local clinic showed findings compatible with viral meningitis. His blood chemistry results revealed elevated levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum myoglobin. On the 5th day of admission, the patient showed pain and swelling of parotid gland and scrotum. Electromyography was compatible with inflammatory myopathy. Muscle biopsy of his calf muscle revealed necrotizing (leukocytoclastic) vasculitis and multifocal myolysis with multinucleation. We suspected mumps virus infection because of his symptoms of meningitis, epididymo-orchitis and parotitis. Mumps virus was isolated in throat culture. The past medical history of the patient's mumps virus vaccination was unclear. After 2 weeks of supportive treatment, the patient's condition was improved.
Biopsy ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chemistry ; Creatine Kinase ; Electromyography ; Fever ; Headache ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Viral ; Mumps virus* ; Mumps* ; Myalgia ; Myoglobin ; Myositis* ; Myositis, Inclusion Body ; Parotid Gland ; Parotitis ; Pharynx ; Scrotum ; Vaccination ; Vasculitis ; Young Adult

The indolent nature and favorable outcomes associated with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma have prompted numerous prospective studies on active surveillance (AS) and its adoption as an alternative to immediate surgery in managing low-risk thyroid cancer. This article reviews the current status of AS, as outlined in various international practice guidelines. AS is typically recommended for tumors that measure 1 cm or less in diameter and do not exhibit aggressive subtypes on cytology, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis. To determine the most appropriate candidates for AS, factors such as tumor size, location, multiplicity, and ultrasound findings are considered, along with patient characteristics like medical condition, age, and family history. Moreover, shared decision-making, which includes patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life and cost-effectiveness, is essential. During AS, patients undergo regular ultrasound examinations to monitor for signs of disease progression, including tumor growth, extrathyroidal extension, or lymph node metastasis. In conclusion, while AS is a feasible and reliable approach for managing lowrisk thyroid cancer, it requires careful patient selection, effective communication for shared decision-making, standardized follow-up protocols, and a clear definition of disease progression.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of urinary 2-naphthol level and air pollution caused by exposure to smoking, traffic and residential factors. METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 300 university students in Incheon. The questionnaires concerning subject characteristics, smoking amount, traffic, distance between housing and main road, heating and cooking fuel including urinary cotinine levels were checked. RESULTS: There was not any significant association between urinary 2-naphthol level and age, sex, body mass index, distance from mainroad, traffic, heating and cooking fuel. The urinary 2-naphthol level was higher in smokers or high urinary cotinine level group(p=0.0001)than in nonsmokers or low urinary cotinine group. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index in the basic model, the 2-naphthol level was also higher in the smokers or high urinary cotinine level group, too(p<0.0005). The model included both traffic and residential variables and it had a good fitness as compared to other models. CONCLUSIONS: It has been known that as one of PAH metabolites, urinary 2-naphthol is a respiration-selective biological marker. We showed that tabacco smoking has a much stronger effects on urinary 2-naphthol levels than when subjects were exposed to air pollution, such as traffic, and other residential factors at the same time.
Air Pollution ; Biological Markers ; Body Mass Index ; Cooking ; Cotinine ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Housing ; Humans ; Incheon ; Questionnaires ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

OBJECTIVE: We used data from the 2010 to 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to investigate whether the age at menopause is related to age at last delivery. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of the data for 714 women who became menopausal within the 3 years preceding the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS: Smoking, exercise, drink, educational level, and income were adjusted in model 1, and the mean ages at menopause were 50.5±0.3, 51.2±0.2, 51.2±0.3, and 50.2±0.4 years for women with <25, ≥25 and <30, ≥30 and <35, ≥35 years age at last delivery, respectively (P=0.049). Smoking, exercise, drink, educational level, income, age at first delivery, age at last delivery, and gravidity were adjusted in model 2, and the respective mean ages at menopause were 50.5±0.5, 50.7±0.4, 50.3±0.4, and 49.2±0.5 years (P=0.03). In both models, older age at last delivery showed higher age at menopause compared with women with younger age at last delivery. CONCLUSION: Korean women with older age at last delivery were associated with younger age at menopause. Increased number of pregnancies was related to older age at menopause.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Gravidity ; Humans ; Korea* ; Menopause* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Pregnancy ; Smoke ; Smoking

Congenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries are found in 0.6% to 1.3% of patients in coronary angiography. Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is a rare coronary anomaly and is incidentally detected during coronary angiography. We report a case of a 65-year-old female with a rare coronary anomaly who was diagnosed with dual LAD via coronary computed tomography and coronary angiography. The imaging studies revealed dual LAD originating from the left main stem and right coronary sinus. These angiographic findings were considered to be consistent with the type IV variety of dual LAD by Spindola-Franco classification. Recognition of dual LAD is important to prevent errors of interpretation of the coronary angiogram and for optimal surgery.
Aged ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Sinus* ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Humans

The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is a disorder marked by the sustained overproduction of eosinophils. The disease is characterized clinically by damage to multiple organs due to eosinophilic infiltration and mediator release rather than by the level of the absolute blood eosinophil count. We report a case of hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting multiple organ damages with eyeball involvement.
Eosinophils ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Multiple Trauma