Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the clinical features and course of acquired third cranial nerve (CN3) palsy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 consecutive patients who underwent at least 3 months of follow-up clinical evaluation from March 2016 to December 2019 who were admitted to the ophthalmologic department or referred from other departments of Samsung Changwon Hospital and diagnosed with acquired CN3 palsy. Results: The average age of patients with acquired CN3 palsy was about 64.6 ± 15.9 years and the mean follow-up period was 4.4 ± 8.4 months. Microvasculopathy (twelve patients, 30.0%) was the most common etiology followed by brain vascular lesions (eight patients, 20.0%), and tumors (eight patients, 20.0%). The complete recovery rate was 67.5% and non-isolated CN3 palsy was recorded in 30.0% cases of which six cranial nerve palsy (in eight patients, 66.7%) was the most common. Microvasculopathy (42.9%) and tumors (66.7%) were the most common features in the recovery and persistent groups, respectively. Extraocular movement limitation at the first visit was smaller in the recovery group (−2.4 ± 1.1) than in the persistent group (−3.2 ± 0.6); the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.039). Pupil involvement was found in one (8.3%) patient from the microvascular group and in eight (61.5%) patients from the compressive lesion group. Conclusions The microvascular group or those with a low degree of extraocular movement limitation at the first visit had the highest recovery rate in acquired CN3 palsy. Although compressive lesions showed high pupillary involvement, imaging study should be considered for confirmation rather than attempting to discriminate the causative disease based solely on pupil involvement.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the clinical features and course of acquired third cranial nerve (CN3) palsy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 consecutive patients who underwent at least 3 months of follow-up clinical evaluation from March 2016 to December 2019 who were admitted to the ophthalmologic department or referred from other departments of Samsung Changwon Hospital and diagnosed with acquired CN3 palsy. Results: The average age of patients with acquired CN3 palsy was about 64.6 ± 15.9 years and the mean follow-up period was 4.4 ± 8.4 months. Microvasculopathy (twelve patients, 30.0%) was the most common etiology followed by brain vascular lesions (eight patients, 20.0%), and tumors (eight patients, 20.0%). The complete recovery rate was 67.5% and non-isolated CN3 palsy was recorded in 30.0% cases of which six cranial nerve palsy (in eight patients, 66.7%) was the most common. Microvasculopathy (42.9%) and tumors (66.7%) were the most common features in the recovery and persistent groups, respectively. Extraocular movement limitation at the first visit was smaller in the recovery group (−2.4 ± 1.1) than in the persistent group (−3.2 ± 0.6); the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.039). Pupil involvement was found in one (8.3%) patient from the microvascular group and in eight (61.5%) patients from the compressive lesion group. Conclusions The microvascular group or those with a low degree of extraocular movement limitation at the first visit had the highest recovery rate in acquired CN3 palsy. Although compressive lesions showed high pupillary involvement, imaging study should be considered for confirmation rather than attempting to discriminate the causative disease based solely on pupil involvement.

No abstract available.
Multiple Myeloma* ; Plasmacytoma*

PURPOSE: A minimally invasive surgical technique has been introduced to treat carpal tunnel syndrome that causes less pain, minimal scaring, and a rapid recovery. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the double minimal incision release compared with the open surgery technique. METHODS: A study was performed on 175 cases in 111 patients who were operated on for carpal tunnel syndrome from January 2010 to December 2014. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to the type of surgical technique: 82 cases underwent standard open surgery in group A and 93 cases underwent double minimal incision release in group B. Grip strength and postoperative pain were evaluated 4 and 8 weeks and 6 and 12 months after surgery, and the period of numbness and time needed to resume normal activities were investigated. RESULTS: Group B patients showed better outcomes during the 2 first months after surgery than those of group A patients in numbness, pain, stiffness (p<0.05), less scar pain and tenderness (p<0.001), and shorter time needed to resume normal activities. However, no differences in these parameters were observed between the 2 groups after 6 months (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Double minimal incision release offered better clinical outcomes until 2 months after surgery compared to the standard open surgery technique and reduced incipient postoperative pain and allowed for earlier resumption of normal activities.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Cicatrix ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Pain, Postoperative

A peroneal dislocation is a rare disease that is often misdiagnosed as a simple sprain and can be treated inadequately in the acute phase.For this reason, it is important to have an appropriate diagnosis in the early stages because it can progress to chronic and recurrent conditions. Surgical treatment is considered mainly when progressing to chronic recurrent dislocation. Recently, patients with an acute peroneal dislocation tend to prefer surgical treatment, so accurate initial diagnosis and management are very important. This paper reports a case of chronic recurrent peroneal tendon dislocation in both ankle joints, which was treated by a superior peroneal retinaculum reconstruction and a groove deepening procedure.

In elderly Graves’ patients, thyrotoxicosis may have vague or atypical clinical features. It could delay the detection of Graves’ disease itself, and also other combined diseases. Here, we report a case of a 73-year-old Graves’ patient who complained of several atypical symptoms such as chest discomfort, pain in the lower calf, severe agitation, depression, sense of impending doom, myalgia etc. Despite these discomforts, they had previously been ignored as vague clinical features of Graves’ disease. After 4 months with hemoptysis, serious pulmonary embolism was confirmed by computed tomography of the chest, and the patient suddenly died. Clinicians should remember that the atypical symptoms in elderly Graves’ patients can suggest hidden comorbidities. This is especially critical in case of acute cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary embolism, which can be fatal to elderly patients.

In elderly Graves’ patients, thyrotoxicosis may have vague or atypical clinical features. It could delay the detection of Graves’ disease itself, and also other combined diseases. Here, we report a case of a 73-year-old Graves’ patient who complained of several atypical symptoms such as chest discomfort, pain in the lower calf, severe agitation, depression, sense of impending doom, myalgia etc. Despite these discomforts, they had previously been ignored as vague clinical features of Graves’ disease. After 4 months with hemoptysis, serious pulmonary embolism was confirmed by computed tomography of the chest, and the patient suddenly died. Clinicians should remember that the atypical symptoms in elderly Graves’ patients can suggest hidden comorbidities. This is especially critical in case of acute cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary embolism, which can be fatal to elderly patients.

Purpose: We report a case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with multiple orbital myositis identified via orbital magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with Crohn's disease who developed right eye pain and binocular horizontal diplopia.Case summary: A 46-year-old woman visited our clinic with a 2-month history of right eye pain and migraine, as well as a 3-day history of acute horizontal diplopia. She had previously been diagnosed with Crohn's disease and was taking immunosuppressive drugs. In the eye movement test, esotropia and an abduction limitation of -3.0 in the right eye were observed on the Krimsky test. There were no specific findings in anterior segment and fundus examinations. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple extraocular muscle enhancement in the right eye and multiple extraocular muscle hypertrophy in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with binocular multiple orbital myositis and right Tolosa-Hunt syndrome; she was treated with high-dose steroids for 3 days followed by lower dose oral medications. During the first week of treatment, the right eye pain disappeared and the right eye abduction limitation showed slight improvement. After 3 months of treatment, the right eye abduction limitation and esotropia completely disappeared. Conclusions Orbital myositis and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome are idiopathic, nonspecific chronic granulomatous diseases with painful ophthalmoplegia. We describe a rare case in which the two diseases appear together.

PURPOSE: To report a case of primary ureteral small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma metastasis in the left orbital wall, with a review of the literature.CASE SUMMARY: A 79-year-old male visited our clinic with a 10 day history of ocular pain, ptosis, and ophthalmoplegia in the left eye. He had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and was being treated for prostate adenocarcinoma. The corrected visual acuity was 0.8 in the right eye and 0.5 in the left eye. An extraocular movement test showed total ophthalmoplegia, mild exophthalmos, and ptosis in the left eye. Orbital computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging showed an irregular mass-like enhancement in the superolateral orbital wall of the left eye, suggesting infectious and inflammatory orbital disease. After antibiotic treatment, high dose systemic steroids were administered. However, there was no improvement and the orbital CT was again performed, with no changes. A surgical biopsy for differentiating orbital tumors was performed and diagnosed as a metastatic orbital small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Using positron emission tomography, he was later diagnosed with a metastatic orbital small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with multiple metastases. CONCLUSIONS When the patient has a mass-like lesion on imaging with ocular pain, ophthalmoplegia, or ptosis, a surgical biopsy should be performed to make a diagnosis and determine the optimal management.

Background: The P1 method in prosthetic breast reconstruction has the advantage of preventing rippling and ensuring a smooth upper pole contour. This study presents our experience with using an ultrasonic dissection device instead of a monopolar electrocautery device for the P1 method. Methods: Patients who underwent prepectoral breast reconstruction at our institution between June and September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Among the 39 breasts analyzed, 17 underwent the P1 procedure using an ultrasonic dissection device for the superior slip of the pectoralis major muscle, while 22 underwent P0 prepectoral breast reconstruction. We compared surgical outcomes, including operative time, presence of rippling, capsular contracture, and animation deformities, and complications such as seroma, hematoma, and mastectomy skin flap necrosis. Results: Patient demographics were comparable between the groups, except for chemotherapy exposure. Rippling occurred more frequently in the P0 group (36.4% vs. 23.5%); however, capsular contracture was absent in the P1 group. Despite these observations, the differences lacked statistical significance. The average operative time was longer in the P1 group than in the P0 group (104.35 minutes vs. 90.05 minutes), although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.095). There were no instances of postoperative hematoma, infection, implant exchange, animation deformity, or implant explantation in either group. Conclusions Using an ultrasonic energy device for additional dissection in the P1 method was non-inferior in terms of complications such as bleeding, infection, or animation deformity. The ultrasonic device can facilitate safe and effective dissection when elevating the superior pectoralis muscle slip, despite requiring additional operative time.