No abstract available.
Cardiac Catheterization* ; Cardiac Catheters* ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Child* ; Cineangiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans

The androgen insensitivity syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities, ranging from complete female to ambiguous forms that more closely resembles males. Mutations of the androgen receptor gene are responsible for a variable degree of impaired androgen action. The complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is characterized by normal female external appearance in spite of the normal male karyotype 46XY with testes and normal testosterone production and metabolism. This is transmitted by X-linked recessive manner. Wolffian duct does not develop. However, m llerian development does not occur in presence of antim llerian hormone activity. Recently we experienced a case of complete androgen insenditirity syndrome. We reported a case with concerned literatures.
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Male ; Metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Wolffian Ducts

BACKGROUND: Although the efficacy of morphine in a neuropathic pain state is somewhat controversial, intrathecally administered morphine reversed the mechanical allodynia in a previous animal study. Using a behavioral test, we investigated the mechanism of the antiallodynic action of intrathecal morphine by administering opioids, alpha2 adrenergic and cholinergic receptor antagonists in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by a spinal nerve ligation injury. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were prepared with a tight ligation of the left lumbar 5th and 6th spinal nerves and insertion of a chronic lumbar intrathecal catheter. Morphine 1 microgram was administered intrathecally to attenuate the mechanical allodynia. Naloxone 10 microgram, yohimbine 30 microgram, prazosin 30 microgram, atropine 10 microgram, pirenzepine 10 microgram, and methoctramine 10 microgram was administered intrathecally before and after the injection of morphine in order to investigate the reversal of an increased allodynic threshold by morphine. The allodynic thresholds for the left hindpaw withdrawal to von Frey hairs were assessed and converted to %MPE. RESULTS: A reduction of mechanical allodynia by intrathecal morphine was produced. Naloxone pretreatment, but not posttreatment, reversed the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal morphine (P < 0.01). All alpha2 adrenergic and cholinergic receptor antagonists used here did not reverse it. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the reversal mechanism of mechanical allodynia by intrathecal morphine appears to be mediated mostly by the opioid receptor system, but not the alpha2 adrenergic and cholinergic receptor systems, at the spinal level in a rat model of a spinal nerve ligation injury.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Animals ; Atropine ; Catheters ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Ligation* ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Morphine* ; Naloxone ; Neuralgia* ; Pirenzepine ; Prazosin ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid ; Spinal Nerves* ; Yohimbine

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the vocational rehabilitation program on the quality of life of the chronic schizophrenics, and to evaluate how chronic schizophrenics felt about their lives. METHOD: The subjects were 39 chronic schizophrenics who had participated in the vocational rehabilitation program(participant group) and now lived in the community. The control group were 43 chronic schizophrenics who were outpatients without vocational rehabilitation(non-participant group). The scale for quality of life was divided into two subscales, i.e., the objective and the subjective areas. The subscales are composed of living situation, family situations, interpersonal relations, work, health, finances, leisure activities, autonomy, and self-esteem. RESULTS: 1) In the demographic characteristics such as age, sex, duration of illness, and duration of education, two groups were not different significantly. However, dosage of antipsychotics were lower in participant group than non-participant group. 2) In the objective quality of life subscale, the scores of living situation, interpersonal relations, work, health, economic state, and leisures were higher in participant group than non-participant group. But, family relations score were lower in participant group than in non-participant group. autonomy were not different between two groups. 3) In the subjective quality of life subscale, the score of living situation, family relations, interpersonal relations, work, health, economic states, leisure activities, and autonomy were all higher in participant group than in non-partcipant group. 4)Self-esteem was significantly higher in participant group than in non-participant group. CONCLUSION: The results from this study suggest that the objective and subjective quality of life of participant group in the vocational rehabilitation program were higher than those of non-participant group. The vocational rehabilitation program of Yong-In Mental Hospital seems to have been effective for the chronic schizophrenics. And the psychosocial rehabilitation program, vocational rehabilitation program, and family education program should be developed more and implemented in the community.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Education ; Family Relations ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Leisure Activities ; Outpatients ; Quality of Life* ; Rehabilitation ; Rehabilitation, Vocational*

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is a rare lymphatic pulmonary abnormality. CPL with respiratory distress has a poor prognosis, and is frequently fatal in neonates. We report a case of pneumonectomy for CPL in a newborn. An infant girl, born at 39 weeks' after an uncomplicated pregnancy, exhibited respiratory distress 1 hr after birth, which necessitated intubation and aggressive ventilator care. Right pneumonectomy was performed after her symptoms worsened. Histologic examination indicated CPL. She is currently 12 months old and developing normally. Pneumonectomy can be considered for treating respiratory symptoms for improving chances of survival in cases with unilateral CPL.
Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/*congenital/diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Lymphangiectasis/*congenital/diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Lymphatic Vessels/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: The appropriate usage of antibiotics needs informations such as its effectiveness for a given infection, administration route, the amount of effective dose, and the dose intervals. In this study, in order to find any significant discrepancy regarding to the details of explanation of the necessary information for appropriate antibiotic usages, we compares informations about 51 antibiotics, one from package inserts in Korea and the other from physician's desk reference (PDR) certified by FDA in the United States of America. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Package inserts about antibiotics, only oral or parenteral agent, were perused to collect three categories of data: the recommended dosage, dose interval, and adjustment of dose to indications or the severity of infection. These data available in Korea were compared with 61 antibiotics (32 oral and 29 parenteral agents) cited in PDR. RESULTS: Package inserts for 51 antibiotics were gathered, because the remaining 10 antibiotics in PDR are not domestically commercialized. Among data on antibiotics comparable with those in PDR, 59% (30 cases:15 oral and 15 parenteral agents) suggested the dose similar to that of PDR, 37% (19 cases:8 oral and 11 parenteral agents) recommend less dose, and 4% in only 2 oral agents showed more dose. About half of the drugs recommending lower dosage were imported from Japanese pharmaceutical company, and the recommended doses of these antimicrobial agents were similar to those in Japan. About 59% (30 cases: 15 oral and 15 parenteral agents) directed dose interval or duration similar to those of PDR and 17% (9 parenteral agents) suggested less administration or longer duration. Surprisingly, in contrast to only 6% (3 cases) of PDR, 24% (12 cases:10 oral and 2 parenteral agents) recommended more administration or shorter duration. About 39% (24 cases:13 oral and 7 parenteral agents) revealed no information for dose adjustment commens to indications or the severity of infection. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that many guidelines in Korea recommend lower doses and/or unreasonable dose intervals. In future studies, improved antibiotic usage guidelines should be established based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic researches, on the aspect of optimal dosage, dose interval, and dose adjustment commensurate to the indications and the severity of the infection.
Americas ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea* ; Product Labeling* ; United States

BACKGROUND: The appropriate usage of antibiotics needs informations such as its effectiveness for a given infection, administration route, the amount of effective dose, and the dose intervals. In this study, in order to find any significant discrepancy regarding to the details of explanation of the necessary information for appropriate antibiotic usages, we compares informations about 51 antibiotics, one from package inserts in Korea and the other from physician's desk reference (PDR) certified by FDA in the United States of America. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Package inserts about antibiotics, only oral or parenteral agent, were perused to collect three categories of data: the recommended dosage, dose interval, and adjustment of dose to indications or the severity of infection. These data available in Korea were compared with 61 antibiotics (32 oral and 29 parenteral agents) cited in PDR. RESULTS: Package inserts for 51 antibiotics were gathered, because the remaining 10 antibiotics in PDR are not domestically commercialized. Among data on antibiotics comparable with those in PDR, 59% (30 cases:15 oral and 15 parenteral agents) suggested the dose similar to that of PDR, 37% (19 cases:8 oral and 11 parenteral agents) recommend less dose, and 4% in only 2 oral agents showed more dose. About half of the drugs recommending lower dosage were imported from Japanese pharmaceutical company, and the recommended doses of these antimicrobial agents were similar to those in Japan. About 59% (30 cases: 15 oral and 15 parenteral agents) directed dose interval or duration similar to those of PDR and 17% (9 parenteral agents) suggested less administration or longer duration. Surprisingly, in contrast to only 6% (3 cases) of PDR, 24% (12 cases:10 oral and 2 parenteral agents) recommended more administration or shorter duration. About 39% (24 cases:13 oral and 7 parenteral agents) revealed no information for dose adjustment commens to indications or the severity of infection. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that many guidelines in Korea recommend lower doses and/or unreasonable dose intervals. In future studies, improved antibiotic usage guidelines should be established based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic researches, on the aspect of optimal dosage, dose interval, and dose adjustment commensurate to the indications and the severity of the infection.
Americas ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea* ; Product Labeling* ; United States

PURPOSE: In 1970, the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster(BFM) group introduced an intensification therapy after remission induction to reduce relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) in childhood. Delayed intensification(DI) phase has been included for treatment of ALL in our hospital since the mid-1990s. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcome with vs. without DI phase and the outcome with two vs. one DI phase for intermediate risk patients. METHODS: One hundred and thirty nine children with ALL who were treated at the Department of Pediatrics of Wonju Christian Hospital and Yonsei University Medical Center between March, 1990 and July, 2002 were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were treated with a DI phase, and 101 patients were treated without a DI phase. Among the DI patients, seven patients were treated with a double DI phase. Five-year overall survival(OS) in the low, intermediate, and high risk groups were 68%, 66% and 58%, respectively. 5-year OS in DDI, DI, and control were 95%, 86% and 40%, espectively. In the low risk group, 5-year event free survival(EFS) in DI, and control were 94% and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed intensification improved EFS on childhood ALL in all risk groups.
Academic Medical Centers ; Child ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Recurrence ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies

Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we examined the neurotoxicity of an organochlorine pesticide, heptachlor, in vitro and in vivo. In cultured SH-SY5Y cells, heptachlor induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. When injected into mice intraperitoneally on a subchronic schedule, heptachlor induced selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, the heptachlor injection induced gliosis of microglia and astrocytes selectively in the ventral midbrain area. When the general locomotor activities were monitored by open field test, the heptachlor injection did not induce any gross motor dysfunction. However, the compound induced Parkinsonism-like movement deficits when assessed by a gait and a pole test. These results suggest that heptachlor can induce Parkinson's disease-related neurotoxicities in vivo.
Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Astrocytes/drug effects/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*drug effects/pathology ; Gait ; Heptachlor/*toxicity ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; Mice ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology/physiopathology ; Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced ; Pesticides/*toxicity ; Substantia Nigra/*drug effects/pathology/physiopathology

PURPOSE: To compare the size, circularity and repeatability between the conventional manual technique and the open-ring guided continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (CCC) technique in cataract surgery. METHODS: The present study comprised 120 eyes divided into two equal groups. In the first group (group A), CCC was performed using a 5.3-mm open ring-shaped caliper and in the second group (group B), CCC was performed using the conventional manual technique. Photographs were taken after each surgical step (CCC, phacoemulsification, Intraocular lens insertion and corneal stromal hydration). The diameter, area and circularity of the anterior capsule were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The anterior capsule diameter was 5.32 +/- 0.26 mm for group A (coefficient of variation 0.049) and 5.14 +/- 0.64 mm for group B (coefficient of variation 0.125); the area was 22.9 +/- 0.71 mm2 for group A (coefficient of variation 0.031) and 21.40 +/- 1.37 mm2 for group B (coefficient of variation 0.064). Circularity was 0.93 +/- 0.24 for group A (coefficient of variation 0.258) and 0.86 +/- 0.78 for group B (coefficient of variation 0.907). CONCLUSIONS: The open ring-guided CCC technique resulted in an increase of diameter and capsulorrhexis area. This method showed superior circularity and repeatability compared to conventional manual technique and can be useful in cataract surgery.
Capsulorhexis* ; Cataract ; Chlormequat ; Eye ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Phacoemulsification