No abstract available.
Cardiac Catheterization* ; Cardiac Catheters* ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Child* ; Cineangiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans

The androgen insensitivity syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with a wide spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities, ranging from complete female to ambiguous forms that more closely resembles males. Mutations of the androgen receptor gene are responsible for a variable degree of impaired androgen action. The complete androgen insensitivity syndrome is characterized by normal female external appearance in spite of the normal male karyotype 46XY with testes and normal testosterone production and metabolism. This is transmitted by X-linked recessive manner. Wolffian duct does not develop. However, m llerian development does not occur in presence of antim llerian hormone activity. Recently we experienced a case of complete androgen insenditirity syndrome. We reported a case with concerned literatures.
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Male ; Metabolism ; Receptors, Androgen ; Testis ; Testosterone ; Wolffian Ducts

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the vocational rehabilitation program on the quality of life of the chronic schizophrenics, and to evaluate how chronic schizophrenics felt about their lives. METHOD: The subjects were 39 chronic schizophrenics who had participated in the vocational rehabilitation program(participant group) and now lived in the community. The control group were 43 chronic schizophrenics who were outpatients without vocational rehabilitation(non-participant group). The scale for quality of life was divided into two subscales, i.e., the objective and the subjective areas. The subscales are composed of living situation, family situations, interpersonal relations, work, health, finances, leisure activities, autonomy, and self-esteem. RESULTS: 1) In the demographic characteristics such as age, sex, duration of illness, and duration of education, two groups were not different significantly. However, dosage of antipsychotics were lower in participant group than non-participant group. 2) In the objective quality of life subscale, the scores of living situation, interpersonal relations, work, health, economic state, and leisures were higher in participant group than non-participant group. But, family relations score were lower in participant group than in non-participant group. autonomy were not different between two groups. 3) In the subjective quality of life subscale, the score of living situation, family relations, interpersonal relations, work, health, economic states, leisure activities, and autonomy were all higher in participant group than in non-partcipant group. 4)Self-esteem was significantly higher in participant group than in non-participant group. CONCLUSION: The results from this study suggest that the objective and subjective quality of life of participant group in the vocational rehabilitation program were higher than those of non-participant group. The vocational rehabilitation program of Yong-In Mental Hospital seems to have been effective for the chronic schizophrenics. And the psychosocial rehabilitation program, vocational rehabilitation program, and family education program should be developed more and implemented in the community.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Education ; Family Relations ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Leisure Activities ; Outpatients ; Quality of Life* ; Rehabilitation ; Rehabilitation, Vocational*

BACKGROUND: Although the efficacy of morphine in a neuropathic pain state is somewhat controversial, intrathecally administered morphine reversed the mechanical allodynia in a previous animal study. Using a behavioral test, we investigated the mechanism of the antiallodynic action of intrathecal morphine by administering opioids, alpha2 adrenergic and cholinergic receptor antagonists in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by a spinal nerve ligation injury. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were prepared with a tight ligation of the left lumbar 5th and 6th spinal nerves and insertion of a chronic lumbar intrathecal catheter. Morphine 1 microgram was administered intrathecally to attenuate the mechanical allodynia. Naloxone 10 microgram, yohimbine 30 microgram, prazosin 30 microgram, atropine 10 microgram, pirenzepine 10 microgram, and methoctramine 10 microgram was administered intrathecally before and after the injection of morphine in order to investigate the reversal of an increased allodynic threshold by morphine. The allodynic thresholds for the left hindpaw withdrawal to von Frey hairs were assessed and converted to %MPE. RESULTS: A reduction of mechanical allodynia by intrathecal morphine was produced. Naloxone pretreatment, but not posttreatment, reversed the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal morphine (P < 0.01). All alpha2 adrenergic and cholinergic receptor antagonists used here did not reverse it. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the reversal mechanism of mechanical allodynia by intrathecal morphine appears to be mediated mostly by the opioid receptor system, but not the alpha2 adrenergic and cholinergic receptor systems, at the spinal level in a rat model of a spinal nerve ligation injury.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Animals ; Atropine ; Catheters ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Ligation* ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Morphine* ; Naloxone ; Neuralgia* ; Pirenzepine ; Prazosin ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid ; Spinal Nerves* ; Yohimbine

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is a rare lymphatic pulmonary abnormality. CPL with respiratory distress has a poor prognosis, and is frequently fatal in neonates. We report a case of pneumonectomy for CPL in a newborn. An infant girl, born at 39 weeks' after an uncomplicated pregnancy, exhibited respiratory distress 1 hr after birth, which necessitated intubation and aggressive ventilator care. Right pneumonectomy was performed after her symptoms worsened. Histologic examination indicated CPL. She is currently 12 months old and developing normally. Pneumonectomy can be considered for treating respiratory symptoms for improving chances of survival in cases with unilateral CPL.
Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/*congenital/diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Lymphangiectasis/*congenital/diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Lymphatic Vessels/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: The appropriate usage of antibiotics needs informations such as its effectiveness for a given infection, administration route, the amount of effective dose, and the dose intervals. In this study, in order to find any significant discrepancy regarding to the details of explanation of the necessary information for appropriate antibiotic usages, we compares informations about 51 antibiotics, one from package inserts in Korea and the other from physician's desk reference (PDR) certified by FDA in the United States of America. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Package inserts about antibiotics, only oral or parenteral agent, were perused to collect three categories of data: the recommended dosage, dose interval, and adjustment of dose to indications or the severity of infection. These data available in Korea were compared with 61 antibiotics (32 oral and 29 parenteral agents) cited in PDR. RESULTS: Package inserts for 51 antibiotics were gathered, because the remaining 10 antibiotics in PDR are not domestically commercialized. Among data on antibiotics comparable with those in PDR, 59% (30 cases:15 oral and 15 parenteral agents) suggested the dose similar to that of PDR, 37% (19 cases:8 oral and 11 parenteral agents) recommend less dose, and 4% in only 2 oral agents showed more dose. About half of the drugs recommending lower dosage were imported from Japanese pharmaceutical company, and the recommended doses of these antimicrobial agents were similar to those in Japan. About 59% (30 cases: 15 oral and 15 parenteral agents) directed dose interval or duration similar to those of PDR and 17% (9 parenteral agents) suggested less administration or longer duration. Surprisingly, in contrast to only 6% (3 cases) of PDR, 24% (12 cases:10 oral and 2 parenteral agents) recommended more administration or shorter duration. About 39% (24 cases:13 oral and 7 parenteral agents) revealed no information for dose adjustment commens to indications or the severity of infection. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that many guidelines in Korea recommend lower doses and/or unreasonable dose intervals. In future studies, improved antibiotic usage guidelines should be established based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic researches, on the aspect of optimal dosage, dose interval, and dose adjustment commensurate to the indications and the severity of the infection.
Americas ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea* ; Product Labeling* ; United States

BACKGROUND: The appropriate usage of antibiotics needs informations such as its effectiveness for a given infection, administration route, the amount of effective dose, and the dose intervals. In this study, in order to find any significant discrepancy regarding to the details of explanation of the necessary information for appropriate antibiotic usages, we compares informations about 51 antibiotics, one from package inserts in Korea and the other from physician's desk reference (PDR) certified by FDA in the United States of America. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Package inserts about antibiotics, only oral or parenteral agent, were perused to collect three categories of data: the recommended dosage, dose interval, and adjustment of dose to indications or the severity of infection. These data available in Korea were compared with 61 antibiotics (32 oral and 29 parenteral agents) cited in PDR. RESULTS: Package inserts for 51 antibiotics were gathered, because the remaining 10 antibiotics in PDR are not domestically commercialized. Among data on antibiotics comparable with those in PDR, 59% (30 cases:15 oral and 15 parenteral agents) suggested the dose similar to that of PDR, 37% (19 cases:8 oral and 11 parenteral agents) recommend less dose, and 4% in only 2 oral agents showed more dose. About half of the drugs recommending lower dosage were imported from Japanese pharmaceutical company, and the recommended doses of these antimicrobial agents were similar to those in Japan. About 59% (30 cases: 15 oral and 15 parenteral agents) directed dose interval or duration similar to those of PDR and 17% (9 parenteral agents) suggested less administration or longer duration. Surprisingly, in contrast to only 6% (3 cases) of PDR, 24% (12 cases:10 oral and 2 parenteral agents) recommended more administration or shorter duration. About 39% (24 cases:13 oral and 7 parenteral agents) revealed no information for dose adjustment commens to indications or the severity of infection. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that many guidelines in Korea recommend lower doses and/or unreasonable dose intervals. In future studies, improved antibiotic usage guidelines should be established based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic researches, on the aspect of optimal dosage, dose interval, and dose adjustment commensurate to the indications and the severity of the infection.
Americas ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea* ; Product Labeling* ; United States

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the incidence and variation of the meniscofemoral ligament in Koreans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 MR studies of 95 patients were reviewed with special attention to the appearance and incidence of the meniscofemoral ligaments. The ligament of Wrisberg was classified according to proximal insertion: type I, insertion at the posterofemoral condyle ; type II, insertion at the distal portion of the posteriorcruciate ligament ; type III, insertion at the distal portion of the posterior cruciate ligament. On T2-weighted images, the high signal at the meniscal insertion of the meniscofemoral ligament was classified according to itsshape. RESULTS: The ligament o Humprey was observed in 17 cases and the ligament of Wrisberg was in 90:type I in41 cases;type II, 19 cases;type III, in 28 cases; unclassified, in 2 cases. In 77 cases, the cleft with high signal intensity was seen between the meniscofemoral ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament. CONCLUSION: From our results, the incidence of the ligament of Wrisberg on MRI was moe prevelant than the ligament of Humprey. An exact knowledge of the meniscofemoral ligament could be helpful in distinguishing it from pathologic lesions.
Classification* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Knee ; Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), a subunit of fibrinogen, might be a potential player for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), since the plasma levels of fibrinogen is known to be related to the incidence of T2DM. To elucidate the potential role of FGA in T2DM, we investigated whether FGA genetic variations are relevant in T2DM in the Korean population. Seven FGA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in Ansung and Ansan cohorts (474 T2DM subjects and 470 normal controls) in Korea. The association between SNPs and T2DM was determined by logistic regression analysis. Genetic relevance of SNPs to T2DM-related phenotypes was investigated by multiple linear regression analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that among seven FGA SNPs, significant associations with T2DM were observed in FGA rs2070011 (p=0.013-0.034, OR=0.72~ 0.79), rs6050 (p=0.026~0.048, OR=1.24~1.37), and rs2070022 (p=0.016~0.039, OR=0.70~0.72). Two SNPs, rs2070011 and rs6050, also showed significant association with T2DM-related phenotypes such as triglyceride (p=0.005~0.011 for rs2070011 and p=0.003~0.008 for rs6050), total cholesterol (p=0.01 for rs2070011 and p=0.024 for rs6050) and fasting glucose (p=0.035~ 0.036 for rs2070011 and p=0.048 for rs6050) in 470 normal controls. Our association study implies that FGA might be an important genetic factor in T2DM pathogenesis in the Korean population by affecting plasma lipid and glucose levels.
Cholesterol ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Fasting ; Fibrinogen ; Genetic Variation ; Glucose ; Incidence ; Korea ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Phenotype ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the OptiVis(TM) Multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) and compare the clinical outcome between OptiVis(TM) and AcrySof(R) ReSTOR(R) D1. METHODS: We reviewed 20 eyes of 11 patients implanted with OptiVis(TM) and 20 eyes of 10 patients implanted with AcrySof(R) ReSTOR(R) D1. The clinical outcomes of the 2 IOLs were evaluated 1 and 2 months postoperatively and consisted of distant, intermediate, and near visual acuity, depth of focus, contrast sensitivity, wavefront aberration, patient satisfaction, decentration and IOL tilt. RESULTS: Intermediate vision was better in the OptiVis(TM) group. There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups with respect to distant vision, near vision and wavefront aberration, contrast sensitivity, decentration and IOL tilt. Depth of focus was deeper in the OptiVis(TM) group at the intermediate visual acuity zone. There were no statistically significant result differences between postoperative 1 and 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: The OptiVis(TM) multifocal IOL provided satisfactory visual acuity at distance, near, and intermediate with no apparent reduction in contrast sensitivity. The IOL can be effective for improving patient satisfaction after cataract surgery as well as correcting presbyopia.
Cataract ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Eye ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Patient Satisfaction ; Presbyopia ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity