This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two-year course of food and nutrition on improving nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and food habits of junior college female students by questionnaires. The subjects were 108 college female students enrolled in the department of food and nutrition in Gyeonggi area. The results were as follows: There were no significant changes in the weights and BMI (Body Mass Index) after 2-yr course of food and nutrition. Nutrition knowledge (14.7 vs 16.3, p < 0.001) and dietary attitude (34.3 vs 35.8, p < 0.01) increased significantly after 2-yr course. However, no significant changes in food habit were observed. Among nutrition knowledge, the scores of functions (4.5 vs 5.2, p < 0.001) and understanding (6.7 vs 7.4, p < 0.01) of nutrients were significantly increased. The recognition of nutrition knowledge increased significantly (83.1 vs 95.7, p < 0.001). Among food habit, dietary habit (13.2 vs 12.5, p < 0.01) and health related habit (15.6 vs 14.6, p < 0.001) were significantly lowered after 2-yr course. The change in dietary attitudes showed significantly positive correlation with food habit changes (p < 0.05). These results showed that 2-yr course of Food and Nutrition had improved the nutrition knowledge and dietary attitudes. Therefore, providing the more systematic and appropriate nutrition education to students during their study period will be improved dietary attitudes and food habits.
Female ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

This study aimed to evaluate the refractive and visual results of the cases temporally overcorrected after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Among 582 myopic eyes that underwent LASIK using VISX STAR from March 1997 to October 1998, 105 eyes were overcorrected more than one diopter (D) one week after LASIK. 105 eyes were divided into three groups according to their spherical equivalent (SE) at one week: Group l (> or = 3D, 9 eyes), group ll (2-2.9D, 14 eyes), and group lll (1-1.9D, 82 eyes).Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), SE, and complications were studied one day, one week, two months, and six months after LASIK. The mean preoperative SE was -11.17 +/-2.57D in group l,-9.40 +/-2.91D in group lland -8.09 +/-1.92D in group lll. At 6 months, the mean SE was 1.81 +/-1.61D, 0.04 +/-0.43D and -0.37 +/-0.76D in group l, ll and lll, respectively. The mean regression of SE from one day to six months was 1.85D, 2.27D and 1.73D in group l,ll and lll, respectively (p>0.05). The proportion of eyes that lost two or more lines of UCVA after LASIK compared to preoperative BCVA was 33.3% in group l, 10% in group ll, and 9.2% in group lll. There were central island (5 eyes), capsular wrinkling (3 eyes), free cap (1 eye), subepithelal metalic debris (1 eye), epithelial ingrowth (1 eye)as complications in all groups. With these results it might be concluded that hyperopia less than 3D one week after LASIK is temporary and disappears 6 months after surgery without any additional treatment, whereas hyperopia equal or more than 3D one week after LASIK still showed hyperopic refraction even after 6 months. Therefore, these eyes need further evaluation for the correction of hyperopia.
Follow-Up Studies* ; Hyperopia ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Visual Acuity

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of phenobarbital (PB) on hepatotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) which induces centrilobular necrosis in liver. Rats were injected intraperitoneally CCI4 dissolved in olive oil by a dose of 0.4 mg/kg. For change related to PB pretreatment, rats were injected CCI₄ 0.4mg/kg after PB pretreatment. The liver samples were taken in 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours after CCI₄ and/ or PB injection. Extracted liver tissue was examined with light and electron microscopes. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Light microscopic findings: In CCI₄ group, centrilobular necrosis developed from 6 hours after injection, was the most severe in 48 hours, and recovered after 72 hours. In addition to necrosis, fatty change and pale cell change were accompanied. In PB-CCI4 group, necrosis occurred from 6 hours after CCI₄ injection and continued to 72 hours, and the degree of necrosis was more severe than that of CCI₄ group and pale cell change was decreased. 2. Electron microscopic findings: In CCI4 group, the early principal change was clumping and vesicular dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum. In PB-CCI₄ group, the degenerative change of endoplasmic reticulum was aggravated and the mitochondria also revealed severe degenerative change. According to the results, it was revealed that CCI₄ hepatotoxicity primarily began with the damage of endoplasmic reticulum, then damage of other cell organelles and cell necrosis followed, and these cytotoxic effects were aggravated by PB pretreatment.
Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride* ; Carbon* ; Dilatation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Liver ; Mitochondria ; Necrosis ; Olive Oil ; Organelles ; Phenobarbital* ; Rats*

We present a family of FSP with review of literatures. Seeligmuller (1876) and Strumpell (1880) were the first to describe familial case of spastic paraplegia characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity of the lower limbs with little or no involvement of the upper extremities. This syndrome is heterogenous in inheritance, age of onset, severity and associated signs. A pure type without complications has been named "Strumpell's FSP". We have recently experienced a case of 17 years old male who had bilateral weakness and stiffness of lower extremities, and gait disturbance with family history. Differential diagnosis, particularly with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is discussed.
Adolescent ; Age of Onset ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gait ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscle Spasticity* ; Paraplegia* ; Upper Extremity ; Wills

No abstract available.
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; Turner Syndrome

We report a 4.7 kg infant who received a therapeutic leukapheresis as an immediate treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with severe hyperleukocytosis. By decreasing the number of circulating white blood cells, therapeutic leukapheresis helps prevent the risks of hyperviscosity and cerebrovascular and pulmonary leukostasis. In addition, it potentially reduces metabolic and renal complications associated with rapid cell lysis when applied before chemotherapy. This six-week-old female presented with vomiting for 15 days. Initial WBC count was 1,532,800/muL. After placement of 4 french two-lumen central venous catheter in both femoral vein, the CS 3000 plus was primed with 250 mL of paternal whole blood mixed with 150 mL of normal saline. After therapeutic leukapheresis, the CBC showed WBC count of 560,000/muL. Our successful experience in performing this procedure suggests that therapeutic leukapheresis be a feasible treatment even for very young infants with hyperleukocytosis.
Central Venous Catheters ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Femoral Vein ; Humans ; Infant* ; Leukapheresis* ; Leukocytes ; Leukostasis ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Vomiting

To determine the incidence, clinical characteristics and coronary angiographic findings of postinfarction angina, clinical course and coronary angiogram were studied in 45 patients with acute myocardial infarction. During a mean follow-up period of 12 weeks, 17 patients(37.8%) developed angina. Of 5 patients with postinfarction angina within 1 week of infarction, 2 patients died during hospitalization, whereas all 12 patients with postinfarction angina which occured more than 1 week after acute myocardial infarction were discharge alive. The frequency of stenosis over 90% and multivessel disease by coronary angiography were 51.7% and 64.7% respectively in patients with postinfarction angina, and 25%, 28.5% respectively in patients without postinfarction angina.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Myocardial Infarction

Authors report two cases of central neurocytoma with unusual surgical pitfall. The one of these presented with postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus. The other case developed motor aphasia and hemiplegia due to brain retration during operation. We describe peripoerative courses of these cases and discuss possible causes of postoperative complications.
Aphasia, Broca ; Brain ; Hemiplegia ; Hemorrhage ; Hydrocephalus ; Neurocytoma ; Postoperative Complications

Aretrospective study on operative results was carried out in a series of 164 patients who were performed by microdiscectomy and 57 patients by automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy(APLD) for herniated lumbar discs between January 1, 1990 and June 30, 1996. The operative results were analysed, and the correlation between preoperative clinicoradiological factors and postoperative clinical results were statistically assessed. The major results were as follows: 1) Of 164 microdiscectomy cases, 102 were males and 62 were females, mean age was 42.4 years and incidence was the highest in the 5th decade. Among 57 APLD cases, 43 were males and 14 females, mean age 32.2 years, and the highest incidence in the 3rd decade. 2) The preoperative symptoms and signs in microdiscectomy and APLD cases were lumbago(98.2% vs 98.2%), radiating pain(96.3% vs 98.2%), positive straight leg raising test(77.4% vs 70.2%), motor weakness(27.4% vs 17.5%), claudication(13.4% vs 0%) and voiding difficulty(2.4% vs 0%). 3) Number of operated levels were 226 in microdiscectomy and 74 in APLD. The most commonly operated levels in both groups were L4-5. 4) Operative results. (1) The overall success rates by Prolo's scale were 87.1% in microdiscectomy and 80.7% in APLD, respectively. (2) In younger age group(below 30 years) and in non-compensatory group, success rates were significantly higher in microdiscectomy(100%, 89.9% vs 76.7%, 62.5% respectively). (3) As to protrusion and degeneration on MRI, a clinical result, from patients with mild to moderate protrusion and degeneration of discs was significantly better in microdiscectomy group, and that of mild protrusion and degeneration of discs in APLD group was significantly better. (4) The most common cause of failure was inadequately removed disc material in microdiscectomy cases and operated for sequestered discs in APLD cases. There results indicate that there were no differance in overall success rates between microdiscectomy and APLD. But it should be emphasized that clinical results may have been influenced by age, existence of compensation, and the degree of protrusion and degeneration of discs as prognostic factors. The authors believe that if the selection of operative procedure is carefully decided with details of clinical and radiologic findings of the patients, a good outcome can be expected.
Compensation and Redress ; Diskectomy, Percutaneous* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

The development of renal glomerular lesions secondary to severe visceral infection (pulmonary, pleural, retroperitoneal or hepatic abscess) is not generally appreciated. Such patients resemble those with infective endocarditis. The suggested pathogenetic mechanisms by which infection can cause glomerular damage are immunologic interaction, direct toxicity of a bacterial products, and some other triggering factors; However, direct correlation between the infectious and immunologic events has not been demonstrated. The histopathologic findings of infectious glomerulonephritis are variable, and these findings, as well as the clinical abnormalities, may resolve with effective antimicrobial therapy or abscess drainage. We experienced a case of glomerulonephritis and acute renal failure due to staphylococcal retroperitoneal abscess. The patient was a 58-year-old man who presented with abdominal and back pain. We performed an abdominal CT scan which showed a retroperitoneal abscess which was proven to be a staphylococcal infection upon percutaneous abscess drainage. Furthermore, we performed a renal biopsy in order to investigate hematuria, RBC casts, and proteinuria. Pathologic findings revealed postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Abscess drainage and sensitive antibiotics were administered, after which his symptoms and urinary abnormalities disappeared, and the retroperitoneal abscess subsided. Here, we report a case of a staphylococcal retroperitoneal abscess which led to postinfectious glomerulonephritis and acute renal failure along with a brief review of the literatures.
Abscess* ; Acute Kidney Injury ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Back Pain ; Biopsy ; Drainage ; Endocarditis ; Glomerulonephritis* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Proteinuria ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed