OBJECTIVE: Some vaginal procedures may be safer, easier and more successful if they could be done under direct sonographic vision of the object. METHODS: All the procedures were done under the guidance of transrectal sonography. Suction curettage, after using curved plastic Karman's cannula, additional curettage was done only when there was probable remaining conceptal tissue seen on sonography. If additional curettage was needed curved metal cannula made in the same form as plastic Karman's cannula is used first and then usual metal curette if the former did not work. A high frequency cautery unit was used for myolysis. Insertion of the flexible curved cautery tip into the myoma mass was done through the uterine cavity and coagulation of the myoma tissue was performed. Myoma biopsies were done with thin loop high frequency cautery tip through laparoscopy and the vagina. RESULTS: Suction curettage in 156 cases of early pregnancy and 2 cases of previous cesarean incision site pregnancy, D&C in 11 cases, chorionic villus sampling in 13 cases, polypectomy in 1 case, myolysis in 1 case and myoma biopsy in 2 cases were done. CONCLUSION: Performing some vaginal procedures under the guidance of transrectal sonography may be better.
Biopsy ; Catheters ; Cautery ; Chorionic Villi Sampling ; Curettage ; Dilatation and Curettage ; Female ; Laparoscopy ; Myoma ; Plastics ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography* ; Vacuum Curettage ; Vagina

Correct discrimination of the first and the second twin is important. Case: (1) The first fetus, whose amnionic cavity was closest to the cervix at 19 weeks, even though its body was higher than the second fetus, was found to be closer to the cervix by 23 gestational weeks than its twin. (2) The result of the chromosomal study of dichorionic twins at 17 gestational weeks was male with 9 inversion of the presumed first, and female with trisomy 21 of the presumed second. AT 19 gestational weeks, the sex and order of the two were found to be reversed at sonography for selective termination. In diamnionic twins, the fetus in the amnionic sac closest to the cervix is nominated as the first.
Amnion ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

A case of invasive cribriform carcinoma of the breast is presented with fine need- le aspiration cytologic features. The aspiration was performed from a papable 2.0cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast in a 53 year-old woman. The aspirate showed cellular smear composed of larger three dimensional tight clusters, smaller monolayered loose clusters, and many individual cells on the clean background. In the clusters, the tumor cells were bordering central lumina, quite similar to the cribriform in histology. The tumor cells in the clusters and individual tumor cells had uniform, small and round nuclei. The chromatin was finely granular, and nuclear membrane was smooth. No discernible nucleoli were present (nuclear grade 1-2). Unless the abundance of individual cells and the cribriform growth pattern are recognized in the smear, the cytologic diagnosis of invasive cribriform carcinoma is difficult.
Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

Endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum is a very rare malignant tumor, usually affecting young adolescents, and its histologic findings are characteristic as that of gonadal germ cell origin. We describe the cytologic finding of fine needle aspiration of mediastinal endodermal sinus tumor in a 19-year-old male patient, comparing with tissue section. The tumor cells in smears were usually in tight clusters with large overlapping cells, which were arranged in a papillary or microacinar pattern, suggesting carcinoma. The tumor cells were large, round or oval with a small amount of cytoplasm which was occasionally vacuolated and had indistinct border. The nuclei were large, pleomorphic, and vesicular with large promi- nent nucleoli. The tissue sections showed typical findings of endodermal sinus tumor. Careful correlation of cytological findings and the serum alpha-fetoprotein level would be helpful to confirm the diagnosis.
Adolescent ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Biopsy, Needle ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child* ; Clonorchiasis ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Dietary Proteins* ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Female ; Germ Cells ; Giant Cells ; Gonads ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Middle Aged ; Thyroid Gland ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux* ; Young Adult

So-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung is a rare benign neoplasm which usually presents with a coin lesion detected through routine chest X-ray. We report two cases showing characteristic cytologic appearances which have been rarely reported. Both cases were young females with coin lesions in the lung. Fine needle aspiration of each case revealed unique but some different cytologic features. Case 1 showed bland-looking polygonal epithelial cells resembling bronchioloalveolar cells having pre- dominantly papillary configurations with loosely arranged solid sheets or isolated cells. Cytoplasms were plump, cyanophilic, and finely granular, with eccentric nuclei, The nuclei were usually monotonous, round-to-ovoid, and vesicular with a small but conspicuous nucleolus. In comparison to case 1, case 2 revealed largely loose pavement-like solid sheets or clusters rather than papillary patterns in the hemorrhagic background. The size of tumor cells were a little smaller than that of case 1. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma of metastatic origin were considered to be one of the important differential diagnoses with these cytologic features. Histologically, both cases exhibited findings compatible with so-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung.
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Lung ; Numismatics ; Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma ; Renal Insufficiency* ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Coxiella burnetii* ; Coxiella* ; Korea* ; Prevalence*

Nocodazole is an anticancer agent that acts on microtubules or filaments. HeLa, Hep G2, A549, L929 and NIH/3T3 cell lines were cultivated in alpha-MEM with 3micrometer or 30micrometer nocodazole. To elucidate the associations between nocodazole`s antitumor actions and these effects, the influences of nocodazole on the cellular morphology and the organelles involving synthesis, secretion and destruction of proteins were investigated under light and electron microscopes. The changes of intermediate filaments such as pancytokeratins and vimentins that maybe suggest antimetastatic action of nocodazole were observed using immunocytochemical technique, PAP at light microscopic level. Rounded or micronucleate cells were induced by treatment with 3micrometer and 30micrometer nocodazole for 2 hours to 4 days. Multimicronucleate cells appeared in experimental groups of all cell lines. Nuclear foldings occurred in cells of experimental groups treated with nocodazole for 2-3 days. The numerical increases of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in HeLa cells treated with nocodazole for 3 days and the dilatation or numerical increases in L929 cells treated with nofodazole for 1-3 days. The fragmentations or dispersion of Golgi complex were observed in cells treated with nocodazole for 1-3 days. The amount of filaments increased in cells treated with nocodazole for 1-3 days. The number of lysosomes increased in cells treated with nocodazole for 1-3 days. The number of liposomes also increased in Hep G2 cells treated with 30micrometer nocodazole for 3 days and in 3micrometer & 30micrometer, 3 days group of 3T3 cells. The amount of pancytokeratins and vimentins increased in cells treated with nocodazole for 1-3 days. Taken together, depolymerization of microlubules was induced by nocodazole, and then the organization of cells was disintegrated. As a result, the rounded cells, the cells having multimicronuclei, and the changes of golgi complexes occurred. But there were relatively no great changes of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The amount of intermediate filaments that maintain the differentiated states of cells increased by nocodazole treatment. It was suggested that morphological changes of cells could be used in evaluation of actions of nocodazole. Especially, the increase of amount of intermediate filaments by nocodazole changed cells of each cell line from undifferentiated state to differentiated, and therefore the author hope that the changes in amount of intermediate filaments provide an important clue in anticancer and antimetastatic actions of nocodazole.
3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Dilatation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Golgi Apparatus ; HeLa Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hope ; Humans ; Intermediate Filaments ; Liposomes ; Lysosomes ; Mice ; Microtubules ; Nocodazole* ; Organelles ; Vimentin

The purpose of this study is to know about the positional change of second molar when orthodontic treatment is performed. To know about it, we andlysed cephalogram pre. and post treatment for 54 adult patients who were finished orthodontic treatment by banding to the first molar and classify them into 4 groups : Class I extraction group 15, Class I nonextraction group 12, Class II group 13, class Class III group 14. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. In the extraction group of Class I, mandibular second molar showed less extrusion and more distal inclination than first moral. But maxillary second molar showed more or less extrusive and mesial inclination to much the same degree of first molar. 2. In the non-extractio group of Class I, mandibular second molar in intrusive to first molar, it showed similar distal inclination to first molar. But maxillary second molar is extrusive similarly to first molar. 3. In the group of Class II, mandibular second molar is less extrusive than first molar and maxillary second molar is more extrusive than first molar. 4. In the group of Class III, mandibular second molar showed similar extrusion to first molar and more distal inclination than first molar. But maxillary second molar showed less extrusion than first molar. 5. A comparision of the positional change of second molar among groups : The change of distance from FH plane to funcation point of maxillary second molar is the difference between Class I extraction group and Class II group, Class I extraction group and Class III group. The change of maxillary second molar to palatal plane and occlusal plane is the difference between Class I extraction group and Class III group. And the change of distance from mandibular plane to furcation point of mandibular second molar is difference between Class I extraction group and non-extraction group, Class I non-extraction group and Class II group, Class I non-extraction group and Class III group. But the change of angle of mandibular second molar to mandibular plane and occlusal plane is make no difference in among groups.
Adult ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Molar*

OBJECTIVES: Identifying children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and providing early therapeutic interventions for them are important to prevent secondary problems in academic achievement and emotional disturbances. The aims of the study is to examine the characteristics of K-ARS for parents and teachers, a screening questionnaire to identify children with ADHD, by age and sex of the children, to examine its clinical validity, and to provide norm data of K-ARS for school-aged children which will facilitate the use of K-ARS in clinical practice and research. METHODS: Randomly selected 1st to 6th graders of the two elementary schools (N=1044) in Anyang City participated in this study. Twenty three children diagnosed with ADHD at the child and adolescent clinic at the Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were included in this study for the analysis of validity. Parents and teachers completed K-ARS. Descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance were performed. RESULTS: K-ARS scores showed significant difference according to the gender, with boys having higher scores than girls. There was no significant difference of the scores by ages. Validity analysis showed that K-ARS distinguishes children with ADHD from children without ADHD well. The normative data were presented by age and sex. CONCLUSION: K-ARS for parents and teachers has an excellent clinical validity to discriminate children with ADHD from children without ADHD. Different normative data of K-ARS need to be used due to the gender difference. K-ARS is a useful tool for screening and identifying children with ADHD. Future studies are required to include larger samples with adolescents in various geographic areas.
Adolescent ; Affective Symptoms ; Child ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Heart ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Parents* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: It is important to identify and treat ADHD children early to prevent secondary academial and emotional problem. The Purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of Korean parent and teacher ADHD Rating Scale. METHOD: First to sixth graders in two elementary schools in Anyang City participated in this study. Teachers and parents completed ADHD Rating Scale. Additionally parents completed K-CBCL and Conners scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation, t-test and analysis of variance were performed. RESULT: A total of 1044 students participated in this study. Correlation of rater reliabilities between parent and teacher was significantly close. And Internal consistency by age was high. As correlations among ARS, K-CBCL, Conners scale were high, the ARS scores can be validated. CONCLUSION: Korean parent and teacher ADHD Rating Scale has high reliability and validity. This scale will be a useful tool for ADHD evaluations and diagnosis. A study of comparing clinical groups is suggested.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Parents* ; Reproducibility of Results*