OBJECTIVES: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) is one of the most common life-threatening opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS). This study reports the clinical charac teristics of PCP in the patients with AIDS and prognostic factors for short-term survival of them. METHODS: We investigated 43 patients of AIDS to evaluate the frequency of PCP in patients in AIDS by retrospective analysis, and classified the 17 patients with PCP into survivors and non-survivors to compare epide miology, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. We also analyzed whether the these findings influenced the short-term survival in patients with PCP that was combined with AIDS. RESULTS: In this retrospective study of 43 patients of AIDS, the frequency of PCP in AIDS patients was relatively high as 17 patients(39%), of whom eight pa tients(47%) died of PCP. The epidemiologic findings such as age, route of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection and co-existing disease were not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors. Coughing was the most common symptom and bilateral infiltrates of lung was the most common form in the chest X-ray examination. But these clinical features were similar in the both groups. Total lymphocyte count, CD4 cell count, serum albumin level and arterial oxygen tension were decreased and serum LDH was increased in patients with PCP that was the first episode in patients with AIDS. Lymphocyte and CD4 cell count were significantly lower in the non-survivor group (p=.002 and p=.03, respec tively). Survivors had higher serum albumin level and arterial oxygen tension than non-survivors (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively). And non-survivors were found to have higher serum LDH level than survivors (p=.02). CONCLUSION: Lymphocyte and CD4 cell counts, serum albumin and LDH, and arterial oxygen tension may be considered as the prognostic factors for short-term sur vival of patients with PCP that is combined with AIDS.
CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cough ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Opportunistic Infections ; Oxygen ; Pneumocystis carinii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin ; Survivors ; Thorax

Typhoid fever is a bacteremic disease and many organs, including intestine, liver, bone, lung, thyroid, kidney, spleen, heart and pancreas may be invaded by the organism. Acute pancreatitis associated with typhoid fever sometimes needs prolonged total parenteral hyperalimentation and antibiotic treatment. Systemic Candida infections are usually encountered as opportunistic infections in a setting of immunologic depression. The authors report a case of Candida parapsilosis fungemia associated parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis associated with typhoid fever. A 17 year-old man was transfered to Pusan national university hospital on May 4th, 1998 under diagnosis of salmonella sepsis. High fever, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea developed 10 days before entery. On admission, serum amylase, lipase and transaminase showed elevation. The patient was treated with antibiotics(ceftriaxon) and total parenteral hyperalimentation was done under diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and hepatitis associated with typhoid fever. On 3rd hospital day, body temperature returned to normal but abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting continued. On 18th hospital day, high fever recurred and ceftriaxon was re-administered. Three days later, body temperature returned to normal. On 25th hospital days, culture of blood and catheter tip was positive for C. parapsilosis. On 27th hospital days, sudden onset high fever, pnumonic infiltration, confusion, hypotension, oliguria and azotemia developed. On 34th hospital day, sudden onset ventricular fibillation developed. On 35th hospital day, the patients died. We report a case of candida fungemia in acute pancreatitis and hepatitis associated with typhoid fever.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Amylases ; Azotemia ; Body Temperature ; Busan ; Candida* ; Catheters ; Ceftriaxone ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Fever ; Fungemia* ; Heart ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Intestines ; Kidney ; Lipase ; Liver ; Lung ; Nausea ; Oliguria ; Opportunistic Infections ; Pancreas ; Pancreatitis* ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Salmonella ; Sepsis ; Spleen ; Thyroid Gland ; Typhoid Fever* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and distribution of unexpected antibodies detected in the Korean population with race-specific RBC panel cells. In spite of a relatively high prevalence of Dia and Mia antigen phenotype in the Korean and Southeast Asian population, there has been little documented research on the prevalence and clinical significance of anti-Dia and anti-Mia in Korea. METHODS: We analyzed the results of 17, 664 antibody screening tests performed during the recent 30-month period from March 2001 to September 2003. Antibodies were screened and identified by using LISS/Coombs gel card with DiaMed-ID system (DiaMed AG, Cressier, Morat, Switzerland) including Dia and Mia panel cells. RESULTS: The prevalence of unexpected antibodies was 1.2% (214/17, 664); antibodies detected most frequently were anti-Rh (74 patients), followed by anti-Lewis (21 patients) and anti-Dia (15 patients). Out of 6, 345 patients, anti-Mia was detected in three patients (0.047%). Anti-Dia and anti-Mia had the specificity of IgG. Anti-Dia was thought as an immune-mediated antibody, whereas anti-Mia was considered as a mixed type with immune and natural antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that anti-Dia and anti-Mia antibodies are detected frequently in the Korean population; hence, it seems that Dia and Mia panel cells should be incorporated into antibody screening panels in Korea for safe transfusion.
Antibodies ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Phenotype ; Prevalence* ; Sensitivity and Specificity*

PURPOSE: Combination chemotherapy has shown promising activity in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study was perfonned to determine the efficacy of the combination chemotherapy with etoposide, ifosfamide and cisplatin (VIP) in previously untreated patients with SCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with SCLC were treated with etoposide (75 mg/m iv. D1-4), ifosfamide (1200 mg/m iv. Dl-4 with mesna) and cisplatin (20 mg/m iv. D1-4). The treatment was repeated every 3 weeks for 6 cycles in principle. Thoracic radiotherapy was administered to patients with limited disease (LD) of SCLC after initial 2 or 3 cycles of chemotherapy subsequently. Praphylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was given to complete responders of SCLC. RESULTS: From April 1996 through June 1998, 42 patients were included, but 32 were eligible for the study (4 refused of treatment, 2 lost in follow-up, and 4 combined with other disease). The median age was 62 years (range, 42-74). Twelve patients had LD and 20 patients were with extended disease (ED). Complete response (CR) rate was 34% (LD 58%, ED 20%) and overall response rate was 72% (LD 83%, ED 65%). The median duration of response was 28 weeks (38 weeks in LD, 24 weeks in ED, P=0.016) With the median follow-up period of 65 weeks (6-134 weeks), overall median survival was 43 weeks (56 weeks in LD, 34 weeks in ED, P 0.001), and the median disease free survival (DFS) of eleven CR patients was 16 weeks. Stage, performance, and LDH level were significant prognostic factom (P 0.011, 0.002, 0.043, respectively), but sex and age did not affect the outcome significantly. The hematologic side effects (WHO grade 2) of evaluable 152 cycles of chemotherapy were leukopenia (53%), thrombocytopenia (31%) and anemia (16%); and nonhematologic side effects (WHO grade >2) were alopecia (84%), nausea/vomiting (45%) and stomatitis (19%). CONCLUSION: It appears that VIP combination chemotherapy is a safe, effective and well tolerated regimen for the patients with SCLC.
Alopecia ; Anemia ; Cisplatin* ; Cranial Irradiation ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ifosfamide* ; Leukopenia ; Radiotherapy ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Stomatitis ; Thrombocytopenia

We initiated this study to investigate whether combining Helicobacter pylori eradication with immunosuppressive therapy provides an additional benefit to patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) that has relapsed or has not responded to steroid and/or danazol therapy in patients who have H. pylori infection. Thirty- four patients with chronic ITP that had relapsed or failed to steroid and/or danazol therapy were assessed for H. pylori infection. Of the 21 confirmed cases, 12 patients were given H. pylori eradication therapy alone (EA), while 9 patients received eradication therapy combined with immunosuppressive therapy (EI). The response rate was not significantly different between patients in the EA and those in the EI group (41.7% in the EA group vs. 66.7% in the EI group, p=0.345). The median platelet count at 6 months after therapy was higher in the EI group patients (75X10(9)/L in the EI group patients vs. 18x109/L in the EA group patients, p=0.028). The median response duration was also longer in the EI group patients (9 months in the EI group patients vs. 3 months in the EA group patients, p=0.049). These results show that a significant benefit is gained by the use of H. pylori eradication combined with immunosuppressive therapy over the use of eradication therapy alone for patients with chronic ITP.
Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*administration & dosage ; Chronic Disease ; Danazol/administration & dosage ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Estrogen Antagonists/administration & dosage ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/*drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/complications/*drug therapy ; Steroids/administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) is characterized by intense skin reactions at bite sites. The pathogenesis of HMB might be related to clonal lymphoproliferation of Epstein-Barr virus DNA-positive natural killer (NK) cells. We report the first case of HMB possibly associated with NK cell-derived large granular lymphocyte (NK-LGL) lymphocytosis in Korea.
Adult ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Culicidae ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/*complications/diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/*etiology/virology ; Insect Bites and Stings/*complications/immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology/pathology ; Korea ; Lymphocytosis/*complications/pathology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment

Large anterior cervical osteophytes can occur in degeneration of the cervical spine or in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH). Large osteophytes can produce otolaryngological symptoms such as dysphagia, dysphonia, and foreign body sensation. We describe a DISH patient with giant anterior cervical osteophyte causing chronic dysphagia and dysphonia. A 56-year-old man presented with increasing dysphagia, dysphonia, neck pain and neck stiffness. Physical examination of the neck showed a non-tender and hard mass on the left side at the level of C4-5. Radiography showed extensive ossification of anterior longitudinal ligament along the left anterolateral aspect of vertebral bodies from C2 to T1. The ossification was espe cially prominent at the level of C4-5 and linear breakage was noted at same level. Esophagogram revealed a filling defect along the pharynx and lateral displacement of the esophagus. Giant anterior cervical osteophyte was removed through the leftsided anterolateral cervical approach to the spine. Anterior cervical interbody fusion at C4-5 was followed by posterior cervical fixation using lateral mass screws from C3 to C6. After surgery, dysphagia and dysphonia improved immediately. One year later, cervical CT showed bone fusion at C4-5 bodies and no recurrence of osteophyte. DISH is a common cause of anterior cervical osteophyte leading to progressive dysphagia. Keeping this clinical entity in the differential diagnosis is important in patients with progressive neck stiffness, dysphagia or dysphonia. And surgical treatment of symptomatic anterior cervical osteophyte due to DISH should be considered with a solid fusion procedure preventing postoperative instability or osteophyte progress.
Deglutition Disorders* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dysphonia ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal ; Longitudinal Ligaments ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; Osteophyte* ; Pharynx ; Physical Examination ; Recurrence ; Sensation ; Spine

Neutropenic enterocolitis is a fatal enterocolitis occurring in neutropenic patients with immunocompromised diseases including hematologic malignancies. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucormycosis in hematologic malignancies has been rarely reported. Especially, in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), GI mucormycosis has never been reported. We report a case of GI mucormocysis manifesting as neutropenic enterocolitis in a patient with MDS.

In this study, we have investigated if current cancer therapeutic modalities including hyperthermia and ionizing radiation can increase the expression of NKG2D ligands in human cancer cell lines. The expressions of NKG2D ligands were induced by both heat shock and ionizing radiation in various cell lines including KM12, NCI-H23, HeLa and A375 cells with peaks at 2 h and 9 h after treatment, respectively, although inducibility of each NKG2D ligand was various depending on cell lines. During the induction of NKG2D ligands, heat shock protein 70 was induced by heat shock but not by ionizing radiation. These results were followed by increased susceptibilities to NK cell-mediated cytolysis after treatment with heat shock and ionizing radiation. These results suggest that heat shock and ionizing radiation induce NKG2D ligands and consequently might lead to increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in various cancer cells.
Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Receptors, Immunologic/*metabolism ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Neoplasms/immunology/*radiotherapy/therapy ; *Ligands ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Hyperthermia, Induced/methods ; Humans ; Hela Cells ; *Heat-Shock Response/physiology ; Heat ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism/radiation effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/radiation effects ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Antigens, Surface/metabolism/radiation effects

Duodenal divertula are relatively frequent findings in the adult gastrointestinal tract. The majority of them are asymptomatic, but vague gastrointestinal complaints have often been attributed to these lesions. These diverticula occasionally result in the obstruction of the biliary and pancreatic ducts, which leads to jaundice and pancreatitis. Other complications such as hemorrhage, perforation, sepsis, and death can occur. With the advent of therapeutic endoscopy, the diagnosis and primary treatment of duodenal diverticula associated with bleeding has changed dramatically since its first reported occurrence. Effectiveness of therapeutic endoscopy is very high in patients with diverticular bleeding in the medial aspect of sencond portion of the duodenum because of its high operative mortality. A cases of a patient suffering from gastrointestinal bleeding in the duodenal diverticulum who was diagnosed and managed by endoscopy alone is herein reported with review of relevant literature.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum* ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Mortality ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis ; Sepsis