Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) of the salivary glands is a rare entity analogous to fibrocystic disease of the breast. Less than 50 cases of SPA have been published in the literature. We report the first Korean case of SPA of the right parotid gland. A 34-year-old man presented with a slowly growing right parotid mass. Computed tomography showed a relatively well-demarcated, heterogeneously enhancing mass with multiple small calcifications. Fine needle aspiration showed cohesive sheets of epithelial cells with granular oncocytic cytoplasm and scattered lymphocytes. The parotidectomy specimen showed a 3 cm-sized solid nodular lesion with small cysts. Microscopically, the lesion was an unencapsulated mass of sclerotic fibrous tissue with cystic ducts, multiple calcifications, and lymphoplasma cell infiltration. Sclerosing adenosis and cystic ducts with frequent apocrine-like cells were noted. Familiarity with the cytologic and histological features of SPA is very important making the correct diagnosis.
Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast ; Cystic Duct ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Salivary Glands

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) of the salivary glands is a rare entity analogous to fibrocystic disease of the breast. Less than 50 cases of SPA have been published in the literature. We report the first Korean case of SPA of the right parotid gland. A 34-year-old man presented with a slowly growing right parotid mass. Computed tomography showed a relatively well-demarcated, heterogeneously enhancing mass with multiple small calcifications. Fine needle aspiration showed cohesive sheets of epithelial cells with granular oncocytic cytoplasm and scattered lymphocytes. The parotidectomy specimen showed a 3 cm-sized solid nodular lesion with small cysts. Microscopically, the lesion was an unencapsulated mass of sclerotic fibrous tissue with cystic ducts, multiple calcifications, and lymphoplasma cell infiltration. Sclerosing adenosis and cystic ducts with frequent apocrine-like cells were noted. Familiarity with the cytologic and histological features of SPA is very important making the correct diagnosis.
Adult ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast ; Cystic Duct ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Salivary Glands

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

From January 2007 to June 2012, 55 autopsy cases were reviewed, in which death occurred outside the hospital and the patients were declared dead on arrival at the emergency departments, in order to compare the clinical and postmortem examination diagnoses of death-on-arrival patients in tertiary hospitals in Busan, Yangsan and Ulsan city. Of 22 non-traumatic deaths, 21 occurred from natural causes and 1 from unknown cause (sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS). Clinical diagnoses were cardiovascular diseases or "non-traumatic" / "unknown" while autopsy diagnoses were majorly cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery diseases (72.7%). Of 33 unnatural deaths, the cause of death was blunt trauma in 4 patients, sharp-force injury in 6, falling in 10, gunshot injury in 1, traffic accidents in 3, asphyxia in 2, drowning in 2, fire-related death in 1, and intoxication in 4. There were no definite discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses, except for 5 non-traumatic deaths and 2 unnatural deaths. These results suggest that the role of the emergency department may be crucial in postmortem investigations.
Accidents, Traffic ; Asphyxia ; Autopsy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Drowning ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Infant ; Tertiary Care Centers

No abstract available.

Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract in Korea, and its prognosis is related to several factors, such as depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are present constitutively in normal cells, where they play an important role in normal cell metabolism. In mammarian cells, they are induced by a variety of physical and chemical stimuli. Among them, HSP70 is found at a higher level in growing cells than in resting cells. The p53 gene is located on the short arm of the chromosome 17 and acts as a cancer suppressor gene. A mutant p53 gene induces a malignant transformation. The mutant p53 protein binds with HSP70 and the p53-HSP70 complex has functional significance in the transforming capacity of the mutant p53. We evaluated the correlation between the HSP70 scores and the p53 protein expression by immunohistochemical methods and compared it with well-known prognostic factors, such as depth of invasion, size, histologic type, and DNA ploidy pattern, in 37 gastric adenocarcinomas. The HSP70 expression was scored according to the staining intensity and extent. An immunoreactivity of over 1% in tumor cell nuclei was considered as positive for p53 protein. The results are summarized as follows: The p53 protein expression rate did not significantly differ based on depth of invasion, histologic type, lymph node metastasis, or DNA ploidy. The HSP70 scores was higher in group II (AGC with TNM stage III) than in group I (EGC & AGC with TNM stage II) and in p53-positive carcinomas than in p53- negative carcinomas(P<0.05). In conclusion, the p53 protein and HSP70 were closely correlated to each other in our immunohistochemical study for gastric adenocarcinomas and the HSP70 scores may play a role in the progression of a gastric adenocarcinoma. However, further studies are needed for determining their prognostic values in gastric adenocarcinomas. HSP70 and p53 expression are factors, just like depth of invasion. The question is their value.
Adenocarcinoma ; Arm ; Cell Nucleus ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; DNA ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Stomach

Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common cancer of the gastrointestinal tract in Korea, and its prognosis is related to several factors, such as depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are present constitutively in normal cells, where they play an important role in normal cell metabolism. In mammarian cells, they are induced by a variety of physical and chemical stimuli. Among them, HSP70 is found at a higher level in growing cells than in resting cells. The p53 gene is located on the short arm of the chromosome 17 and acts as a cancer suppressor gene. A mutant p53 gene induces a malignant transformation. The mutant p53 protein binds with HSP70 and the p53-HSP70 complex has functional significance in the transforming capacity of the mutant p53. We evaluated the correlation between the HSP70 scores and the p53 protein expression by immunohistochemical methods and compared it with well-known prognostic factors, such as depth of invasion, size, histologic type, and DNA ploidy pattern, in 37 gastric adenocarcinomas. The HSP70 expression was scored according to the staining intensity and extent. An immunoreactivity of over 1% in tumor cell nuclei was considered as positive for p53 protein. The results are summarized as follows: The p53 protein expression rate did not significantly differ based on depth of invasion, histologic type, lymph node metastasis, or DNA ploidy. The HSP70 scores was higher in group II (AGC with TNM stage III) than in group I (EGC & AGC with TNM stage II) and in p53-positive carcinomas than in p53- negative carcinomas(P<0.05). In conclusion, the p53 protein and HSP70 were closely correlated to each other in our immunohistochemical study for gastric adenocarcinomas and the HSP70 scores may play a role in the progression of a gastric adenocarcinoma. However, further studies are needed for determining their prognostic values in gastric adenocarcinomas. HSP70 and p53 expression are factors, just like depth of invasion. The question is their value.
Adenocarcinoma ; Arm ; Cell Nucleus ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; DNA ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Stomach

Chitosan, which is a biopolymer, composed of glucosamine units linked by beta-1, 4 glycoside bonds, is rich in shells of crustacean such as crabs and shrimps. Consumption of chitosan has been rapidly increased as a functional food. We examined effects of chitosan on the damages caused by lead (Pb) exposure in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 64), then fed diets containing 3% cellulose (control) or 3% chitosan, each with 4 different lead doses (0 mg/d, 20 mg/d, 50 mg/d, and 100 mg/d) for 4 wks. Lead doses were given 3 times per week by oral administration. Blood lead levels in rats increased depending on the administered doses of lead. Rats fed chitosan diets showed lower blood lead concentration than did their respective controls. Effect of chitosan on the blood lead was more beneficial in rats exposed to lower lead (20 mg/d) than in rats exposed to higher lead (50 mg/d and 100 mg/d). Histological changes in erythrocytes and liver were also examined. Chitosan tended to reduce numbers of basophilic stippling erythrocytes and improve the histological liver changes in rats given various lead doses. The preventive effects of chitosan on liver damages were stronger in rats with higher lead than those with lower lead. These results indicate that chitosan has beneficial effects on both blood toxicological responses and histological damages of erythrocytes and liver induced by the administration of various lead doses.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Basophils ; Biopolymers ; Cellulose ; Chitosan* ; Diet ; Erythrocytes ; Functional Food ; Glucosamine ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for future research by analyzing the contents, delivery methods, and educational effects of educational programs for hemodialysis patients. Methods: A literature review was conducted in the following order: problem identification, literature search and data collection, data evaluation, data analysis, and data presentation. In total, 936 documents were retrieved from the search, and 24 documents were finally included in this study. Results: The contents of the educational programs were comprehensive hemodialysis-related knowledge education in seven studies, exercise-related education in 10 studies, diet-related education in four studies, drug-related education in one study, and complex education in two studies. The delivery methods were pamphlets in six studies, audio-visual materials in four studies, direct guidance by researchers in six studies, and multiple methods in seven studies. The effects of the educational program were divided into physical indicators, emotional indicators, and knowledge and performance related to hemodialysis. Sixteen out of 20 articles using physical indicators showed significant outcomes, and 10 out of 12 articles using emotional indicators derived positive results. Hemodialysis-related knowledge and performance were measured in eight and 10 studies, respectively, and meaningful results were found in six studies for knowledge and seven studies for performance. Conclusion Future research will require the development of a systematic and standardized educational program with comprehensive content that can be provided to all hemodialysis patients, as well as a highly accessible education delivery method to enhance the effectiveness of education.

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*