BACKGROUND: Most studies of Mycoplasma pneumonia involve a group of admitted patients in hospital, usually with major medical illness. So we investigated the epidemiologic and radiologic features during the course of outbreak of pneumonia in Chunnam coastal area. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the epidemiologic and clinical feature of 105 patients with serologically proven Mycoplasma pneumonia treated at Kwang-Yang Hospital during a epidemic period of Jun. 1993 to Dec. 1993. All cases of pneumonia developed in this period were also reviewed and compared with serologically proven group. RESULTS: 1) There were 63 males and 42 females. 2) More than half(57%) of cases belonged to 5-9 years of age group, and mean age was 6.5 years old. Mean age was steadily decreased as prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumonia had been subsided. 3) A major determinant of the outbreak seemed to .to the population density rather than the population size. 4) The common radiologic features were interstitial in type, and 67 cases was restricted to one lobe. Lobar types are more common in late childhood, and interstitial or diffuse types in early childhood. CONCLUSION: These epidemiologic and radiographic characteristics would contribute to the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Population Density ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

Multiple factors including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were evaluated for a case-control study in Chonnam area to investigate the causative entity of COPD. Data on the multiple causative factors from hospital records and interview survey were analyzed in three groups of COPD(64 cases as case group), normal lung (83 cases as control group 1) and non-COPD lung disease (45 cases as control group 2). Smoking status, history of adulthood pulmonary infection and frequent history of URI, socioeconomic status, and GERD were significantly different between COPD group and control group 1. Drinking status, physical height of the subjects and GERD were significantly different between COPD group and control group 2. If control group 1 was used, odds ratio of GERD and COPD was 5.68(95%confidence interval, 95% CI:2.59-12.45) and 4.81 (95% CI:1.89-10.53) when adjusted by age and smoking status. If control group 2 was used. Odds ratio of GERD and COPD was 4.22 (95% CI:1.69-10.56) and 4.59 (95% CI:1.64-12.86) when adjusted by alcohol and adulthood respiratory infection status. In summary, there results suggested that GERD might play a causative role in the development of COPD.
Case-Control Studies ; Drinking ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Hospital Records ; Jeollanam-do ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Odds Ratio ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class

No abstract available.
Mortality* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: To determine whether resistive indices of the renal artery (RIR) or the splenic artery (RIS) can be used as predictors of bleeding in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to esophageal variceal bleeding episodes, 33 patients with cirrhosis were divided into two groups, a bleeder group (n=17) and a non-bleeder group (n=16). These two groups were compared with respect to five variables (age, spleen size, Child's score, RIS, and RIR). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the detection of bleeders were calculated using a cutoff value of 0.7 for RIR. RESULTS: The mean values of variables were higher for bleeders than for non-bleeders. With the exception of age, four variables were significantly correlated with bleeding (r=0.43 for spleen size; r=0.36 for Child's score; r=0.37 for RIS; p<0.05, respectively; r=0.63 for RIR, p<0.01). Only RIR was found to be significantly a predictive variable for bleeders (adjusted Odds ratio=19.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.3-306, p<0.05) when the RIR was more than 0.7. RIR had a sensitivity of 88.3% and a specificity of 75% with an accuracy of 81.8% at a cutoff value of 0.7 for identifying bleeders. CONCLUSION: A high RIR value will be useful in predicating esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.
Alcoholics* ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Fibrosis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic* ; Renal Artery* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen ; Splenic Artery

PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether transabdominal ultrasound can detect different hepatic stiffness between patients with cirrhosis and control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sevent-three patients (Child-Pugh class A stage) with liver cirrhosis and 57 control subjects were included in this study. All patients were subdivided arbitrarily into two groups: early cirrhosis (n = 53) and overt cirrhosis (n = 20). Two sagittal images of the left lobe of the liver were obtained in the left hepatic vein level during the resting state and at full inspiration while pushing their belly out, by abdominal US (i.e., resting and stress image). The length between the inferior hepatic angle and the midpoint of the liver dome was measured in all images for the evaluation of liver distortion. The elongation was calculated by a formula: (L2-L1/L1) x 100(%); where L1 and L2 are the length of the liver for both the resting and stress image. The calculated elongated length (L2-L1, EL) and elongation rate were compared between cirrhotic patients and control subjects. RESULTS: For the control subjects, early cirrhosis, and overt cirrhosis groups, the mean ELs (elongation rate) were 2.34+/-0.98 cm (30.2+/-13.2%), 1.18+/-0.73 cm (14.9+/-9.5%) and 0.53+/-0.54 cm (6.3+/-6.6%), respectively. This difference among the three groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). A possible best cut-off value of liver elongation rate is 17% for the prediction of cirrhosis (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 75.3%). CONCLUSION: The liver of patients with liver cirrhosis is stiffer than that of control subjects. Calculation of the elongation rate in the left lobe of the liver during a respiratory maneuver may be used as an ancillary method of US for the evaluation of liver cirrhosis.
Fibrosis ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Respiration

PURPOSE: We wanted to assess the usefulness of the splenic artery resistive index (RIS) for differentiating between alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and hepatitis B-virus related cirrhosis (VC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 109 subjects (28 normal healthy controls, 38 patients with VC and 43 patients with AC) were included in this study. The spleen sizes, Child-Pugh scores and RISs were compared between the two cirrhotic groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine an RIS cutoff value for the differentiation of the two cirrhotic groups. RESULTS: The mean spleen size and mean RIS in the controls were less than those of the two cirrhotic groups (p < 0.05), and the mean spleen sizes and Child-Pugh scores were not different between the two groups (AC vs. VC), (13.1 +/- 3.2 cm vs. 12.9 +/- 2.6 cm, p > 0.05; 6.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 5.9 +/- 1.6, p > 0.05, respectively). In contrast, the mean RIS of the AC patients was significantly higher than that of the VC patients (0.72 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.62 +/- 0.06, respectively, p < 0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy at an RIS cut-off value of 0.7 for differentiating the two cirrhotic groups were 76.7%, 68.4% and 72.8, respectively. CONCLUSION: The RIS is useful factor for differentiating the patients with AC from the patients with VC.
Alcoholics* ; Fibrosis* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic* ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen ; Splenic Artery* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the normal value of the anal canal structures by transvaginal sonography in normal woman and compare this technique with the more commonly used transanal technique. METHODS: Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed in 25 parous patients between 4th and 8th decade of age, using a Bruel and Kajer type-1890. This procedure was followed by transanal sonography using the same system. The thickness of mucosa and submucosa, internal and external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle were measured by both methods. RESULTS: The thickness of mucosa- submucosa, internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle by transvaginal sonography were 2.84 0.2 (2.6~3.0) mm, 2.98 0.4 (2.6~3.3) mm, 7.4 0.3 (7.1~7.7) mm, 7.5 0.5 (7.4~7.6) mm respectively(mean value standard deviation and range). The detection rate of external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle by transvaginal sonography were between 55.5% (5/9) and 71.4% (5/7). CONCLUSIONS: The thickness of internal anal sphincter was increased with age(p<0.05). The thickness of mucosa-submucosa, internal anal sphincter measured.
Anal Canal* ; Female ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Reference Values ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To determine whether spontaneous a splenorenal shunt can be used as an imaging predictor of early renal hemodynamic changes in patients with cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 82 cirrhotic patients and 41 control subjects. Three-phase CT was performed and CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units) of the renal cortex in three phases were measured to evaluate renal perfusion. Likelihood ratio tests for trend were conducted for age, presence of ascites, and Child's grade. RESULTS: The mean CT attenuation values of the renal cortex in cirrhotic patients were significantly lower than the values of control subjects in three phases: 153.3 +/- 37.9 versus 173.3 +/-25.2 in the arterial phase, 172.6 +/- 41.0 versus 197.6 +/- 26.5 in the portal phase and 136.9 +/- 26.0 versus 152.7 +/- 20.0 in the delayed phase, respectively. The mean CT attenuation value of cortices in patients with renal hypoperfusion was 119.9 +/- 11.8 in the portal phase. Child's class C (aOR: 58.4, 95% CI: 3.6-956.2; p < 0.01) and the presence of a renal shunt (aOR: 7.5, 95% CI: 1.8-30.5; p < 0.01) were associated with renal hypoperfusion. The incidence of renal hypoperfusion was associated with Child's grade (trend: p < 0.01), and not with the grade of ascites or age. CONCLUSION: A dilated spontaneous splenorenal shunt may be a risk factor for renal hypoperfusion in cirrhosis.
Ascites ; Fibrosis ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Perfusion ; Risk Factors ; Splenorenal Shunt, Surgical

Foreign body ingestion in children is commonly encountered and this usually resolves spontaneously. Single magnet ingestion usually does not need additional medical treatment. However, multiple magnets can attract each other in intestinal loops and several complications can develop such as bowel obstruction and fistula formation. In this situation, endoscopic and/or surgical intervention is inevitably required. Therefore, making the correct diagnosis is needed for cases of magnets ingestion, and this should be done as soon as possible for children. We report here on a case of gastroduodenal fistula and duodenal obstruction caused by the interaction of four magnets.
Child ; Duodenal Obstruction ; Eating ; Fistula ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Magnets