Dislocation of the clavicle at its sternal end is relatively rare, as compared with acromioclavicular dislocation. Among them, the posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint was extremely rare. So, not more than fifty cases had been reported in the literature. Of these three main typesanterior, superior, and posterior-the anterior one is by far the most common. Most authors have stressed the difficulty in confirming the diagnosis with routine radiographs. We experienced a case of traumatic posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint treated successfully by manipulative reduction. So, we report it with review of literature.
Clavicle ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Sternoclavicular Joint

Osteopetrosis is a very rare bone dysplasia characterized by failure of resorption and persistence of calcified chondroid and primitive bone. In 1904 Albers-Schonberg first described the radiological appearance of marble bone. This is named osteopetrosis by Karshner in 1926. A fulminating form is manifested from birth in which fractures and deformity, hydrocephalus and cranial nerve palsies lead to early death from intractable anemia and intercurrent infection. In other cases the stigmata are delayed until later childhood, when retardation of growth and of mental and sexual development occurs, and not infrequently accompanied by rickets, dental caries and osteomyelitis. We have experienced a familial osteopetrosis, father and three siblings, which was thought to be a autosomal dominant inheritance. One of those family, 20 years old man, has been complained of anemia and low back pain without radiating pain to the lower extremities. The other 3 patients has not been complained of any other clinical symptoms. But X-Ray examination of the entire skeletal survey of those members of the family have revealed the uniform opacity of long bones and flat bones.
Anemia ; Bone Diseases, Developmental ; Calcium Carbonate ; Christianity ; Clothing ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Dental Caries ; Fathers ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Low Back Pain ; Lower Extremity ; Osteomyelitis ; Osteopetrosis ; Parturition ; Rickets ; Sexual Development ; Siblings ; Wills

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Heart Ventricles* ; Pulmonary Atresia*

OBJECTIVES: Aim of this study was to compare quality of life (QOL) in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD) and healthy controls. Additionally, relationship between clinical factors in patients and their QOL were explored. METHODS: 49 patients with OCD, 109 patients with PD and 54 healthy controls were recruited. Total scores and scores of each domain of WHO Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL) were compared in the three groups. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed to examine the relationship between QOL and the clinical characteristics in the patient group. RESULTS: Total scores and scores of all domains except environmental domain of WHOQOL in patient group were decreased compared to those in healthy control. Scores of social and psychological domains in the OCD group were lower than those in the PD group. The severity of agoraphobia and depression were factors affecting the QOL in the PD group. For the OCD group, comorbid depression was related to social and psychological domain of WHOQOL. CONCLUSION: QOL in patients with OCD and PD was poorer than that of healthy controls. Social relationships and psychological functioning may be poorer in patients with OCD than patients with PD. The severity of depression and agoraphobia predicted QOL in patients with PD. Comorbid depression in OCD might be a predictor of poor QOL.
Agoraphobia ; Depression ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic* ; Quality of Life*

PURPOSE: Alteration in the serum level of thyroid hormone can occur following open heart surgery due to major stress and hemodilution after extracorporeal circulation but these changes have been ignored. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of thyroid hormone level after open heart surgery and if these changes influence the prognosis. METHODS: We evaluated 26 children who had undergone open heart surgery from Sept. 1994 to Jun. 1996 at Korea University Hospital. Five ml of blood were collected before surgery, immediately after surgery and 24 hours after surgery. The blood was centrifused and the serum stored at -40degrees C until examinations were made. Serum T3, T4, reverse T3 were measured by sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The mean T3 level was 1.49 +/- 0.50ng/ml (normal 0.08-2.0ng/ml) at pre op, 0.75 +/- 0.40ng/ ml immediately after surgery and 0.69 +/- 0.50ng/ml 24 hours after surgery. The mean T4 level was 10.73 +/- 4.40ug/dl (normal 6.1-11.8 microgram/dl) at pre op, 5.80 +/- 1.90ug/dl immediately after surgery and 5.60 +/- 2.10ug/dl 24 hours after surgery. The mean TSH level was 1.69 +/- 1.13uIU/ml (normal 0.25-4.0 uIU/ml) at pre op, 1.37 +/- 0.80uIU/ml immediately after surgery and 1.61 +/- 1.00uIU/ml 24 hours after surgery. Serum T3 and T4 levels in cardiac surgical patients were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and serum reverse T3 levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum TSH levels were not significantly different in comparison with the preoperative state. CONCLUSION: We conclued that patients with congenital heart disease who underwent open heart surgery show euthyroid sick states like other severely ill patients. It is likely that reduction in T3 and T4 without increased TSH represents an adaptive response by the body to minimize catabolism when undergoing major stress.
Child ; Extracorporeal Circulation ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart* ; Hemodilution ; Humans ; Korea ; Metabolism ; Prognosis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Thyroid Gland*

BACKGROUND: As prostate cancer in men is increasing in Korea, the need for early detection by mass screening has become an important issue. Screening tests for early detection of prostate cancer are digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) test. PSA test has been mainly used for prostate cancer screening in health promotion centers. However, PSA has a high sensitivity but low specificity. Therefore, PSA concentration can be increased not only in prostate cancer, but also in several benign prostate diseases such as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and prostate ischemia. Also, PSA concentration can increase in the elderly. Therefore, we investigated the results of follow-up PSA tests, in the cases of increased PSA concentration on screening. METHODS: In 538 cases, the PSA concentration were increased over 2.5 ng/ml among total 17,302 males checked up on screening test at Ajou University Hospital from January 1999 to December 2001. Two hundred and four cases followed up with TRUS or prostate biopsy were chosen. We investigated 89 cases who performed follow- up PSA test. On the basis of the results of biopsy or TRUS, the subjects were classified into non-disease group, benign prostate disease group and prostate cancer group (possible or confirmed prostate cancer group). RESULTS: The mean age of non-disease group was 35.5 5.9 years, which was significantly lower than that of benign prostate disease group and prostate cancer group (P<0.05). Compared to the mean age of prostate cancer group (60.6 10.4 years) and non-prostate cancer group (53.1 12.3 years), prostate cancer group was significantly older than non prostate cancer group (P=0.005). When the lower limit of age was set to 40 years (mean-2SD), confirmed prostate cancer group was significantly older than other groups (p<0.001). The PSA concentration of confirmed prostate cancer group (11.33 7.58 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of non-prostate disease group (4.35 2.22 ng/ml) and possible prostate cancer group (4.44 2.29 ng/ml) (P<0.05). The follow-up PSA level of confirmed prostate cancer group (10.13 6.13 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of non-prostate disease group (2.55 0.97 ng/ml), BPH group (4.33 3.80 ng/ml), prostatitis group (3.61 2.17 ng/ml), prostate cyst group (3.00 1.86 ng/ml) and possible prostate cancer group (3.81 2.82 ng/ml) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It is recommended that screening test for prostate cancer be performed after the age of 40. While follow-up PSA test is needed when the PSA is increased up to less than 10 ng/ml, prostate biopsy may be desired in the PSA value of 10.0 ng/ml or greater.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Ischemia ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatitis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We examined the chemical composition and the effect of fermented deer antler on hematopoietic factors in bone marrow cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: For the preparation of fermented deer antler extract (FAB), fermentation was carried out using Bacillus subtilis at 30degrees C for 7 days. The hematopoietic effect of FAB was investigated hematopoietic factors in marrow cells. RESULTS: The contents of total sugar, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and uronic acid and the dry weight gradually increased with fermentation time. The sialic acid content (from 0.14 mg/mL to 0.54 mg/mL) was the highest on the 4th day of fermentation after which it decreased. The proliferating activity of bone marrow cells increased with fermentation times. The levels of various hematopoietic growth factors were determined to verify the beneficial effect of deer antler extract fermented by B. subtilis on hematopoiesis. FAB increased the number of stem cell factors and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in bone marrow cells. In addition, FAB augmented the burst-forming unit erythroid and total colonies in splenocyte-conditioned medium compared with non-fermented antler extract (NFA). However, FAB did not affect the mRNA levels of erythropoietin, an important factor for erythropoiesis. CONCLUSIONS: FAB, like NFA, did not directly affect hematopoiesis, but contributed to hematopoiesis by stimulating the production of hematopoietic factors.
Animals ; Antlers* ; Bacillus subtilis* ; Bacillus* ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Marrow* ; Deer* ; Erythropoiesis ; Erythropoietin ; Fermentation ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoiesis ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; RNA, Messenger ; Stem Cell Factor

Superficial epithelioma with sebaceous differentiation (SESD) is a histologically distinct, rare, benign neoplasm characterized by a superficial plate-like proliferation of basaloid cells with broad attachments to the overlying epidermis. Clusters of sebaceous cells were present within the lobules. We herein report a case of SESD in a 73-year-old female.
Aged ; Carcinoma ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Leptin has been found to be involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis processes and angiogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the effect of leptin in the proliferation and angiogenesis of peripheral blood (PB)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from PB of healthy male volunteers and were cultured in endothelial cell growth medium-2 (EGM-2). After 6 days of culture, cells were treated with 50 ng/mL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and/or with various concentrations of leptin (10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 1microgram/mL, and 10 microgram/mL) and were further cultured for one week. Proliferation of EPCs was examined by an assay measuring the uptake of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbo cyanine-labeled acetylated LDL (Dil-ac-LDL) and tubule formation on a matrigel. The control group of cells was not treated with VEGF and/or leptin. RESULTS: The number of Dil-ac-LDL labeled-EPCs, tubule formation on matrigel and the number of cells present along tubules were significantly increased in the leptin-treated groups of cells as compared to the control group or VEGF treated group of cells (P<.05). The effect was synergistically increased in the group of cells co-treated with leptin and VEGF. The number of EPCs was increased in a leptin dose-dependent manner that was maximal at a concentration of 1microgram/mL leptin. CONCLUSION: This study shows that leptin increased in vitro proliferation and angiogenesis of EPCs derived from peripheral blood.
Endothelial Cells ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Leptin* ; Male ; Stem Cells* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish optimal imaging acquisition conditions for the GE Advance(TM) PET imaging system by performing the acceptance tests designed by National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) protocol and General Electric Medical Systems (GEMS) test procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Performance tests were carried out with 18FDG radioactivity source and phantoms by using a standard acquisition mode. Transaxial resolution and scatter fraction tests were performed with a line source and axial resolution with a point source, respectively. A cylindrical phantom made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was used to measure sensitivity, count rate losses and randoms, uniformity correction, and attenuation inserts were added to measure remaining tests. The test results were acquired in a diagnostic acquisition mode and analyzed mainly on high sensitivity mode. RESULTS: Transaxial resolution and axial resolution were measured as average of 4.65 mm and 3.98 mm at 0 cm, and 6.02 mm and 6.71 mm at 20 cm on high sensitivity mode, respectively. Average scatter fraction was 9.87%, and sensitivity was 225.8 kcps/micronCi/cc of trues. Activity at 50% deadtime was 4.6 Ci/cc, and the error of count rate correction at that activity was from 1.49% to 3.83%. Average nonuniformity for total slice was 8.37%. The accuracy of scatter correction was -0.95%. The accuracies of attenuation correction were 5.68% for air, 0.04% for water and -6.51% for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). CONCLUSION: The results satisfied most acceptance criteria, indicating that the GE AdvanceTM PET system can be optimally used for clinical applications.
Electrons* ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Positron-Emission Tomography* ; Radioactivity ; Water