Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C(PLC) is known as a key enzyme which produces two major second messengers: diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate. Although it has been suggested that PLC beta isozymes have important roles in nervous system, less is known about the function of PLC beta in development of nervous system. We have localized the mRNA expressions of PLC beta isozymes in the postnatal rat brains by id firm hybridization histochemistry. In the postnatal rat brains, each isozyme of PLC beta showed differential expression pattern. The expression of PLC beta1 mRNA was found in various areas including olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum. In general, the expression in these areas was gradually increased after birth (PO) until postnatal day 21 (P2l) and slightly decreased to adult level. The expression of PLC beta2 mRNA was not found in postnatal rat brains. The expression of PLC beta3 mRNA was found from P0, peaked at Pl4, and decreased to adult level in the purkinje cells of cerebellum. PLC beta4 mRNA was strongly expressed in the thalamus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and olfactory bulb. In these areas, the expression was gradually increased after birth, peaked at P2l, and decreased to adult level. In whole body parasagittal sections of 18 day old rat embryo, PLC betal mRNA was exclusively expressed in nervous tissue, PLC beta3 and PLC beta4 were expressed in various tissues, and the expression of PLC beta2 was not found in any kind of rat tissues. From the different spatiotemporal mRNA expression patterns of PLC beta isozymes in the postnatal rat brains, it is suspected that each PLC beta isozyme may have specific role in signal transduction for postnatal development of rat brain.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Dentate Gyrus ; Embryonic Structures ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Inositol ; Isoenzymes* ; Nervous System ; Olfactory Bulb ; Parturition ; Phospholipase C beta* ; Phospholipases* ; Purkinje Cells ; Putamen ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Thalamus

Clothing dermatitis is a rare disease. The distribution of the eruption coincides with the places on the skin where the garment fits most snugly. It is developed by the chemicals and the dyes rather than textile itself. We experienced 2 cases of clothing dermatitis, one of which was caused by formaldehyde in clothing.
Clothing* ; Coloring Agents ; Dermatitis* ; Formaldehyde ; Rare Diseases ; Skin ; Textiles

Failure of automatic control of ventilation (Ondine's curse syndrome) is a rare syndrome that sometimes occurs following localized brainstem dysfunction. In this report, we present a case of a 52-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital with sudden-onset nausea. On examination, no lateralization signs were presented. After one hour, his consciousness was altered and he became apneic. After endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, his mentality improved and he was able to ventilate spontaneously. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated acute infarction in both cerebellar inferior aspects involving the right side of the medulla. Eleven hours later, the patient's consciousness altered again. Computed tomography demonstrated newly developed hydrocephalus and emergent craniotomy, and extraventricular drainage were performed. The patient improved in both consciousness and respiratory status but complained of mild ataxia and left arm weakness. We recommend cautious examination and early diagnosis and therapeutic decisions in cases of patients with atypical presentation of stroke.
Arm ; Ataxia ; Brain Infarction ; Brain Stem ; Brain Stem Infarctions ; Consciousness ; Craniotomy ; Drainage ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infarction* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Respiration, Artificial ; Sleep Apnea, Central ; Stroke ; Ventilation

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Liver ; Liver Failure, Acute ; Liver Transplantation

No abstract available.

We treated three cases of bone tumors-giant cell tumor, chondroblastoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma-with a custom-made prosthetic replacement. The patients were followed from 10 months to 18 months, postoperatively. The results of these study are as follows: 1. Satisfactory anatomic restoration 2. Early ambulation 3. Good function 4. Biomechanically sound reconstruction
Chondroblastoma ; Early Ambulation ; Humans

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVE: Fetal heart rate in embryos(6-8 gestational weeks) have been significantly related to fetal outcome, but have rarely been studied. We attempted to identify fetal heart rate during 6-8 gestational weeks. Our purpose was to determine the lower limit of the heart rate associated with a favorable outcome and to evaluate the prognosis for those embryos with slow heart rates in early period. METHODS: We prospectively studied 798 singleton pregnancies between Jul. 1997-Dec. 1999 visiting our hospital. Gestational age was calculated from the beginning of the last menstrual period in the case of regular cycle and was confirmed by the crown-rump length. Other cases were measured by crown-rump length or mean gestational sac diameter. Color doppler sonography was used to calculate the fetal heart rate in beats per minute as the mean of 3 waves. RESULTS: Mean fetal heart rate (+/-SD) were 114.08+/-15.40 bpm for group 1, 126.49+/-18.78 for group 2, 139.83+/-19.92 for group 3, and 149.58+/-23.34 for group 4(p<0.001). Prognosis in the first trimester improved as heart rate increased to 100 bpm in group 1 and 120 bpm in group 2. In group 3 and 4, most of fetus with heart rates below 110 bpm died. CONCLUSIONS: The fetal heart rate during 6-8 gestational weeks is associated with fetal outcome at the end of the first trimester and we can identify the fetuses that are in risk.
Crown-Rump Length ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Gestational Sac ; Heart Rate ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy* ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

Sixty patients, undergoing major gynecologic surgery with lumbar epidural anesthesia, were randomly selected 32 patients to apply a transdermal scopolamine patch (Kimite MyoungMoon, Korea) on the skin behind one ear. We were divided into 2 groups. Control group; epidural morphine 4mg were given and not applied scopolamine patch. Experimental group; epidural morphine 4mg were given and applied transdermal scopolamine patch on the skin behind her ear at the night before surgery. They were followed up for 3 days postoperatively and statistical analysis was done. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in nausea and vomiting between experimental group and control group. There was no significant incresed incidence in scopolamine side effects. However, despite receiving transderrnal scopolamine patch there was still a high incidence (43.8%) of nausea and vomiting.
Anesthesia, Epidural ; Ear ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Epidural* ; Morphine* ; Nausea* ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide* ; Skin ; Vomiting*