No abstract available.
Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cystadenocarcinoma*

To evaluate the relationship between the expression of CA 125, CA 19-9, and CA 15-3 and ovarian epithelial tumors, immunohistochemical stainings were performed and analyzed to the types of tumor, and the degree o malignancy and differentiation in the total 42 cases. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The expression of CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 was demonstrated in most cases of benign, borderline and malignant mucinous tumors. All types tumors were negative for CA 125. 2) All types of serous tumors including benign, borderline and malignant revealed strong positive reaction for CA 125 and CA 15-3 in contrast to some weak positivity for CA 19-9. Expression of CA 125 was significantly increased in high grade serous adenocarcinomas compared with low of grade. 3) Endometrioid carcinomas revealed strong positive reaction for CA 15-3 in contrast to some positivity for CA 125 and CA 19-9. One case of Brenner tumor expressed CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 without expression of CA 125. 4) Serum CA 125 levels were elevated in 80% and CA 15-3 levels in 100% of ovarian epithelial malignancy. The correlation between serum levels and staining intensities was moderate.
Adenocarcinoma

Patient survival is one of the most important measures for the evaluation of progress in cancer patient care across the wide spectrum from diagnosis to treatment. The optimal monitoring method for cancer patient survival is to estimate survival based on representative data from cancer patients in the population, which is only achievable through using population-based cancer registration data. Relative survival is used to compare the survival experience in a study cohort that expected to result from background population mortality rates. This technique is useful when the cause of death is not accurate or not available, since it provides a measure of excess mortality in a group of patients with a certain disease. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the procedures for estimating relative survival using the statistical software Stata. For this survival analysis to show the procedure, the example data set was randomly selected from the National Cancer Incidence Database, which was used in a recent article reporting the overall relative survival of cancer patients diagnosed during 1993-2002 in Korea.
Cause of Death ; Cohort Studies ; Dataset ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mortality ; Patient Care ; Survival Analysis*

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the accuracy of three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (Gd-MRA) in the preoperative evaluation of living renal transplant donors (LRTDs) for visualizing the renal vascular anatomy, with an emphasis on identifying the number of renal arteries and veins and the presence of small branch anomalies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 1999 and October 2003, a total of 42 LRTDs were evaluated with conventional renal angiography (CRA) or three-dimensional Gd-MRA. The three-dimensional Gd-MRA was performed in 20 cases and CRA in 22. All candidates then underwent a donor nephrectomy. The intraoperative findings of the renal vessels were compared between the CRA and three-dimensional Gd-MRA, and the complications and side effects also examined. RESULTS: The overall accuracies for predicting the numbers and abnormalities of renal arteries and veins by comparing the intraoperative findings were 85 and 95% for the three-dimensional Gd-MRA, and 91 and 98% for the CRA. The three-dimensional Gd-MRA missed 3 accessory renal arteries, while the CRA missed 1, as well as 1 renal artery bifurcation. There were three complications; one contrast anaphylaxis and two hematomas at the puncture site, in the 22 CRA cases, but there were no significant complications in the three-dimensional Gd-MRA. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional Gd-MRA appears to be as accurate as CRA for visualizing the renal vascular anatomy in the preoperative assessment of potential LRTDs. Three-dimensional Gd-MRA is a noninvasive and noncontrast technique, which would be a good alternative to CRA for assessing potential LRTDs.
Anaphylaxis ; Angiography* ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Nephrectomy ; Punctures ; Renal Artery ; Tissue Donors ; Veins

PURPOSE: To identify the factors associated with vision screening in children. METHODS: This study included 4,827 young children 3-11 years of age who answered the question "Has [name] ever had an eye examination (vision screening) in the past year?" from The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 (KNHANES). The trained interviewer asked the questions to a member of the household familiar with the study participant. The factors related to vision screening were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The rate of vision screening gradually increased with age in young children between 3 (25.8%) and 11 years of age (72.5%). Regarding the rate by region, Busan had the highest rate (63.5%), followed by Daegu (62.2%) and Seoul (59.9%). Chungnam had the lowest rate (43.2%), followed by Chonbuk (44.6%) and Chonnam (44.9%). Higher income was associated with increased screening rate with marginal statistical significance (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.5 for 3rd quartile, 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.0-2.4 versus 1st quartile as a reference group). Households with 5 or more members were less likely to receive vision screening compared to households with 1 child (aOR=0.6, 95% CI, 0.4-0.8). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of vision screening differed according to age group (25.8-72.5%) and region (43.2-63.5%). Regional disparity, low household income and large number of household members were barriers for vision screening in Korean children.
Busan ; Child* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Daegu ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Odds Ratio ; Seoul ; Vision Screening*

BACKGROUND: This study was done to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Kaigo-Yobo (K-Y) checklist in the Korean elderly population. METHODS: The study population included 283 men and women over 65 years who visited the three community senior's welfare centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province from March 29, 2011 to May 26, 2011. The Korean frailty index (FI), Japanese K-Y checklist, Cardiovascular Health Study frailty index (CHSFI), activities of daily living, and Korean Mini-Mental Status Examination were completed for each participant. Reliability was tested by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), as was the test-retest reliability, at a 2-week interval. Validity was tested by the area under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristics curve as a predictor of frailty according to the CHS criteria and the validity index estimated by the reliability index. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients between Korean FI and K-Y checklist, Korean FI and CHSFI, and K-Y checklist and CHSFI were 0.61, 0.43, and 0.44 respectively. The range of Kappa value for each item on the Korean FI was 0.28 to 0.60 and 0.19 to 0.65 for the K-Y checklist. Cronbach's alpha for the Korean FI was 0.58 and 0.64 for the K-Y checklist. The AUC for the Korean FI was 0.79, and 0.64 for the K-Y checklist. The validity index for the items on the Korean FI ranged from 0.28-0.53 to 0.60-0.78 and 0.19-0.44 to 0.65-0.81 for the K-Y checklist. CONCLUSION: The K-Y checklist is a valid and reliable instrument to measure frailty in the Korean elderly population. Follow-up studies are needed.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Checklist ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; ROC Curve

A case of primary non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the vulva which occurred in a 68-year-old woman is presented. Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma is infrequently involved in the female genital tract. Moreover, primary vulvar involvement of this tumor is very rare. To date only 6 cases have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the vulva in Korea.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*pathology/therapy ; Vulvar Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy

PURPOSE: To identify socio-demographic factors in cataract surgery in Korea and expect future effect of the bundle of service system. METHODS: We analyzed the number of people undergoing cataract surgery and associated factors such as surgery ratio, region, age, income, and insurance status of 28,980 patients older than 40 years using data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 (KNHANES). RESULTS: Among total population in 2012, 47.5% of elderly aged 80 years and older have received cataract surgery. According to region in patients older than 40, Jeollanam-do showed the highest proportion of patients undergoing cataract surgery, at 12%, Daejeon showed the lowest proportion of 3.6%, and Seoul showed 6.8%. Regional analysis was also performed by analyzing the number of cataract patients per ophthalmologist. Jeollanam-do showed the highest with 40,115 patients per ophthalmologist, and Seoul showed the least with 1,094 patients per ophthalmologist. The sociodemographic factors such as education or income, were not associated with cataract surgery after adjusting for age and regional difference. On the other hand, subjects with medicaid were associated with 1.6-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.0) higher rate of cataract surgery than subjects with national health insurance. CONCLUSIONS: Regional disparity was found in the cataract surgery rate and surgery rate per an ophthalmologists, whereas sociodemographic factors were not significant in receiving benefits of cataract surgery. Before the amount of bundled payment is changing, down-leveling of quality of care and deepening of disparities among health care provider should be considered.
Aged ; Cataract* ; Education ; Hand ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Medicaid ; National Health Programs ; Nutrition Surveys ; Seoul

PURPOSE: To identify socio-demographic factors in cataract surgery in Korea and expect future effect of the bundle of service system. METHODS: We analyzed the number of people undergoing cataract surgery and associated factors such as surgery ratio, region, age, income, and insurance status of 28,980 patients older than 40 years using data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 (KNHANES). RESULTS: Among total population in 2012, 47.5% of elderly aged 80 years and older have received cataract surgery. According to region in patients older than 40, Jeollanam-do showed the highest proportion of patients undergoing cataract surgery, at 12%, Daejeon showed the lowest proportion of 3.6%, and Seoul showed 6.8%. Regional analysis was also performed by analyzing the number of cataract patients per ophthalmologist. Jeollanam-do showed the highest with 40,115 patients per ophthalmologist, and Seoul showed the least with 1,094 patients per ophthalmologist. The sociodemographic factors such as education or income, were not associated with cataract surgery after adjusting for age and regional difference. On the other hand, subjects with medicaid were associated with 1.6-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.0) higher rate of cataract surgery than subjects with national health insurance. CONCLUSIONS: Regional disparity was found in the cataract surgery rate and surgery rate per an ophthalmologists, whereas sociodemographic factors were not significant in receiving benefits of cataract surgery. Before the amount of bundled payment is changing, down-leveling of quality of care and deepening of disparities among health care provider should be considered.
Aged ; Cataract* ; Education ; Hand ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage ; Jeollanam-do ; Korea ; Medicaid ; National Health Programs ; Nutrition Surveys ; Seoul