No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Prospective Studies* ; Statistics as Topic*

OBJECTIVES: We surveyed this study for knowing the relation within stress, depression and medical comorbidities, and finding the risk factors of major depression. METHODS: 1764 subjects were enrolled from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2009 who visit Korea University Guro hospital healthcare center. The subjects answered the questionnaire of PSS(Perceived Stress Scale), PHQ-9(Patient Health Questionnaire-9) and the demographic data. We categorized them as the stress group, depressive group, medical comorbidity group and analyzed the correlation analyses and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: 198 of 1764 subjects(11.8%) were applied to major depression, and the depressive group showed the higher mean stress score(23.19) and mean depression score(12.95) than the normal group. The total PHQ-9 score was increased by perceiving more stress, having more medical comorbidities. The subjects with female, visiting due to recent health problems, irregular exercise, current smoking, history of angina and cerebrovascular disease showed the increased risk of major depression. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we find the PSS, PHQ-9 were valuable for mental health screening in healthcare center. As perceiving more stress and having more medical comorbidity, risk of major depression were increased. Accordingly the individuals with medical diseases or unhealthy lifestyle would need the mental health screen.
Comorbidity ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Mental Health ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the relationship among fatigue and perceived stress, depressive mood in the working population. We also examined associations with demographic and life style factors and investigated the effect of individual coping skills on these associations. METHODS: Fatigue Severity Scale(FSS), Perceived Stress Scale(PSS), Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument - Korean version(BEPSI-K), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Stress Coping Skill Questionnaire were administered to 621 civil servants. All of above and other demographic factors are self-administered questionnaire survey and this study is cross sectional. RESULTS: Mean FSS score was 3.04 which was lower than 3.22, the severity cut off score. FSS, PSS, BEPSI-K, BDI were all higher in female. Subjects with active coping skills showed relatively low fatigue, perceived stress, depressive mood than those with passive coping skills. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the PSS, BDI, BEPSI-K in working population increase the risk of fatigue and regular exercise lowers the risk. CONCLUSIONS: Adults who were afflicted by stress, experienced depressive mood or were physically inactive were at much higher risk of feeling fatigue. Since no other large data sets are available for fatigue, the results from this study could serve a very useful purpose, to furnish a basis for comparison with future research results based on more complete data.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Dataset ; Demography ; Depression ; Fatigue* ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between subjective well-being and other clinical parameters such as sociodemographic and clinical variables, which include positive and negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, insight, and side effects. METHODS: Fifty-one outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited in this study. Subjective well-being was assessed using a self-rating scale, the Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptics-Short form (SWN-K). Sociodemographic variables were also evaluated and other evaluations were conducted using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS), Korean Version of the Revised Insight Scale for Psychosis (KISP), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The relationship between subjective well-being and these clinical variables was assessed. RESULTS: Education years and social support scores were positively correlated with the total SWN-K scores, but severity of illness, severity of depression, severity of side effect, and the scores on insight were negatively correlated. The stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the total SWN-K score of the patients with schizophrenia was associated with negative symptoms and insight. CONCLUSION: Better insight and more severe negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia may be associated with worse subjective well-being. Results indicate that careful evaluation of subjective well-being is essential for proper management of patients with schizophrenia.
Depression ; Education ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia*

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of colorectal carcinomas continues to rise in Korea due to the westernized life style. However, the precise colorectal carcinogenic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The protein products of oncogenes and cancer suppressor genes play important roles in the carcinogenesis. The effects of the proteins are influenced by post-translational modifications as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. The aberrant sumoylation plays some roles in carcinogenesis. However, the expression pattern of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-2/3 in the colorectal cancer has not been reported. We assessed the expression of SUMO-2/3 and evaluated the expression pattern in colorectal cancer. METHODS: The SUMO-2/3 expression was tested in one normal colon mucosal cell line and 5 colorectal cancer cell lines by Western blot. We collected 322 cases of colorectal cancer operated from January 2000 to December 2010 at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital. We fabricated the tissue microarray and the expression of SUMO-2/3 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The results were analyzed with clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS: The SUMO-2/3 was not expressed in the normal colon mucosal cell line. However, it was expressed highly in all the 5 colorectal cancer cell lines as the beta-actin. The SUMO-2/3 was expressed in 68.3% of the colorectal cancers and its expression was correlated with the pathological tumor stage stage (odds ratio, 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 7.55; P=0.031). CONCLUSION: The SUMO-2/3 plays some roles in carcinogenesis and progression of the colorectal cancer.
Acetylation ; Actins ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Korea ; Life Style ; Methylation ; Oncogenes ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins ; Sumoylation ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Ubiquitin ; Ubiquitination

We report here on our technique and outcomes of the first two cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with a bladder cuff excision(RLNU). RLNU was performed on two female patients who both had a muscle invasive lower ureter tumor. For the first step, nephroureterectomy was performed in the lateral flank position. For the second step, bladder cuff excision and bladder repair were performed in a steep Trendelenburg position. The specimen was extracted through a 6 cm sized incision in the umbilical trocar site. Both procedures were successfully completed with using the robot without conversion to open surgery. The total operative time, including the lymphadenectomy and the robot docking times, was 320 and 241 minutes, respectively, for the 2 patients. The estimated blood loss was 40 and 200 ml, respectively. The pathological examinations showed stage T3 and T2 invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter. The patients' postoperative recoveries were uneventful and the bladder cuff was free of tumor. RLNU may have potential advantages over open and laparosopic surgery due to its minimal invasiveness. This approach can be an alternative to open surgery or laparoscopic technique.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Conversion to Open Surgery ; Female ; Head-Down Tilt ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Muscles ; Operative Time ; Resin Cements ; Robotics ; Surgical Instruments ; Ureter ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder

We encountered a patient with cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to paclitaxel use. A 57-year-old man presented with gradual decreased bilateral vision. His chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of bevacizumab, paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 for 5 months), and carboplatin. Optical coherence tomography imaging revealed bilateral CME greater than 500 microm. However, one year later, visual acuity was improved, best-corrected Snellen visual acuity was 40 / 80 in each eye, and CME was spontaneously improved. Our study confirmed that macular edema associated with paclitaxel use shows spontaneous resolution and improvement of visual acuity after a change of chemotherapeutic regimen.
Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*adverse effects ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Macular Edema/*chemically induced ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paclitaxel/*adverse effects ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the lacrimal sac. METHODS: A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of tearing on the left eye. Nasolacrimal duct stenosis was found on dacryocystogram. After observation of 2 months, the tearing became worse and a palpable mass at the medial canthal area was noted. Orbital computed tomography showed the tumor of the left lacrimal sac and complete excision of the tumor and sac was performed. RESULTS: Pathologic diagnosis of the excised mass was epithelioid-hemagioendothelioma. There was no evidence of recurrence until last follow-up at postoperative 4 months.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Orbit ; Recurrence ; Tears

Neurocognitive research focusing on cognitive deficits in Depression has resulted in several important but yet potentially contradictory findings. Much literature documents the presence of significant neurocognitive impairments in depressive patients. Studies have shown that dysthymic disorder patients demonstrate a diffuse pattern of cognitive impairment which is frequently indistinguishable from that of focal braindamaged patients. Some reports have suggested that there is a focal pattern of deficit, such as anterior cingulate dysfunction, frontal lobe impairment, or dysfunction of the temporal-limbic cortex. The aim of this study is to evaluate the neurocognitive functions in dysthymic disorder patients, and to compare the functions with those of major depressive disorder patients. The subjects are 17 dysthymic disorder patients. And their neurocognitive functions are compared with those of 23 major depressive episode patients. Patients with a history of neurologic disease, alcohol dependence, substance abuse and mental retardation are excluded. They are assessed with a part of Vienna Test System which is computerized neurocognitive function tests and can evaluate attention, eductive ability, reproductive ability, visuoperceptual analysis, vigilance, visual immediate memory, the speed of information-processing, judgement, and fine motor coordinations. There are no other specific difference between two groups, except the result of cognitrone test. This study provides information about the neurocognitive functions and some difference between major depressive disorder patients and carefully diagnosed dysthymic disorder patients.
Alcoholism ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major* ; Dysthymic Disorder* ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Memory, Short-Term ; Substance-Related Disorders

BACKGROUND: Even though the cardiovascular actions of insulin were first described shortly after introduction into clinical practice, the precise physiological role and mechanism of insulin-mediated cardiovascular actions are not known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in hemodynamics after an insulin injection and the role of the autonomic nervous system in mediating the responses to insulin. METHODS: Nine mongrel dogs of the male sex, weighing 20 - 26 kg, were studied. Anesthesia was maintained with pentobarbital and vecuronium after the administration of the loading dose. Femoral and pulmonary artery catheters were placed for obtaining blood samples (ABGA, electrolytes, glucose and plasma catecholamines) and measuring hemodynamic variables. Real time power spectral analysis of R-R interval variability was displayed on the color power spectrum every 30 seconds by a simple connection between the EKG monitor and computer via an A/D converter. After control values were obtained, porcine insulin was administrated intravenously as a bolus injection (2 U/kg). Blood glucose and potassium were maintained within physiological range by simultaneous infusion of 50% glucose (2-4 ml/kg/h) and potassium (0.5-1.0 mEq/kg/h). Parameters were measured respectively in 9 steps; 10min before insulin injection (control), 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60min after insulin injection. RESULTS: Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac output increased and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly after the insulin injection. No significant changes in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine levels could be detected. Power spectral density of low frequency and ratio oflow and middle frequency power to high frequency power increased significantly 1min after insulin injection but did not increase thereafter. High frequency power remained significantly below the control value after the insulin injection. CONCLUSIONS: Although catecholamine concentration itself did not show a significant change, PSA data reveals that insulin may exert a stimulatory action on the sympathetic nervous system and a depressive action on the parasympathetic nervous system independent of hypoglycemia immediately after an insulin injection and insulin-induced vasodilation is not related to the autonomic nervous system.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Autonomic Nervous System* ; Blood Glucose ; Cardiac Output ; Catheters ; Dogs* ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes ; Epinephrine ; Glucose ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Insulin* ; Insulin, Regular, Pork ; Male ; Negotiating ; Norepinephrine ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Pentobarbital ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Pulmonary Artery ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasodilation ; Vecuronium Bromide