PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in bladder compliance of a spinal cord injured population, and analyze the effects of several factors, related to the clinical and urodynamic findings, on bladder compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts, videourodynamic and upper tract radiographic studies of 114 patients with a spinal cord injury were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were categorized according to their bladder and urethral activities from the videourodynamic study, the interval since the time of the injury and the bladder emptying method, including intermittent catheterization (IC), self voiding and Foley catheterization. The association of bladder compliance with upper/lower tract complications was also identified in the population. A bladder compliance threshold values of 12.5ml/cm H2O was selected for the comparison between a normal and decreased compliance. RESULTS: No significant differences in compliance were noted in relation to sex, age or level of injury. Of the 114 patients, 43 (37.4%), by definition, had a low bladder compliance. The patients whose interval since the time of injury was more than one year had a significantly higher incidence of low compliance than those of less than one year. Low compliance was more common in patients using an indwelling catheter than in those using the other methods. A low compliance was statistically associated with more deformity of the bladder shape (p<0.05) and upper tract complications (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In a spinal cord injured population, compliance may be one of the most important factors resulting in upper/lower urinary tract complications. With time, or due to the wrong treatment, there is a great possibility of a low compliance. Therefore, regular observation of the compliance, and other factors, using urodynamic studies, is warranted.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Compliance* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Tract ; Urodynamics

A case of giant ureteral polyp is presented. The patient was 76- year-old female complaining of left flank discomfort and irritative voiding symptoms. Radiologic examination revealed filling defects of left lower ureter. Cystoscopic finding showed a tubular mass, to-and-pro movement through left ureteral orifice. Excision of ureteral polyp and left ureteroureterostomy were performed. Pathologic findings showed fibroepithelial polyp and it's narrow pedicle was 10cm in length and 5-8mm in diameter.
Female ; Humans ; Polyps* ; Ureter*

PURPOSE: To determine the phenotypic characteristics of peripheral CD8(bright) T cells. METHODS: Forty patients with Behcet's disease (BD) with uveitis (active: 20; inactive: 20) and 20 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Phenotypic analysis of fresh PBMCs was performed using anti-CD8 mAb and anti-CD56 mAb in conjunction with a three- or four-color immunofluorescence tests for the expression levels of the following molecules: CD11b, CD27, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD62L, CD94, NKG2D, and HLA-DR. RESULTS: CD27 and CD62L were down-regulated on peripheral CD8(bright) T cells in patients with active Behcet's uveitis in contrast to the up-regulation of CD11b and HLA-DR. These phenotypic natures were remarkable in the CD56+ subsets. CD45RA(dim)CD45RO- phenotypes were expanded in peripheral CD8(bright)CD56+ T cells according to the disease activity. Interestingly, in active Behcet's uveitis, CD94 was up-regulated on peripheral CD8(bright)CD56+ T cells in BD in contrast to the down-regulation of NKG2D compared with the normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: CD8(bright)CD56+ T cells are characterized by activated effector phenotypes with functional NK receptors and they may play immunopathogenic roles in Behcet's uveitis.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is a rare pulmonary malformation, Although it is one of the most common congenital anomalies which cause acute respiratory distress in the newborn infants, characterized by marked proliferation of terminal respiratory structures. We have experienced an unusual case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation associated with pectus excavatum. The patient was 3-year-old female who suffered from cough and high fever for 20 days, and antibiotic therapy was given in other hospital before transfer to our hospital. The findings on chest X-ray, chest CT, aortogram, and selective bronchial arteriogram showed cystic lesions in the right upper and middle lobe accompanied but severe pectus excavatum. Right bilobectomy for pulmonary lesion and costosternal elevation for pectus excavatum was performed simultaneously with successful result. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the twentieth postoperative day.
Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital* ; Female ; Fever ; Funnel Chest* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common primary tumor in infancy and childhood and are frequently associated with tuberous sclerosis. Although spontaneous regression of cardiac rhabdomyoma has been reported , prognosis of this tumor associated with subaortic stenosis is still considered to be poor and surgery continues to be indicated. A 4-day-old female was admitted due to tachypnea and cyanosis. Single rhabdomyoma arising from the interventricular septum associated with severe subaortic stenosis was partially removed under cardiopulmonary bypass. Excised tumor size was 0.7 X 0.9 X 0.4 cm in dimension. The postoperative course was uneventful and the infant discharged on the 14th postoperative day.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cyanosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Prognosis ; Rhabdomyoma* ; Tachypnea ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction*

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung is a rare pulmonary malformation, Although it is one of the most common congenital anomalies which cause acute respiratory distress in the newborn infants, characterized by marked proliferation of terminal respiratory structures. We have experienced an unusual case of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation associated with pectus excavatum. The patient was 3-year-old female who suffered from cough and high fever for 20 days, and antibiotic therapy was given in other hospital before transfer to our hospital. The findings on chest X-ray, chest CT, aortogram, and selective bronchial arteriogram showed cystic lesions in the right upper and middle lobe accompanied but severe pectus excavatum. Right bilobectomy for pulmonary lesion and costosternal elevation for pectus excavatum was performed simultaneously with successful result. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the twentieth postoperative day.
Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital* ; Female ; Fever ; Funnel Chest* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The frequency or primary lung cancer is increasing compared to other cancer. Complete surgical resection is the most effective method of treatment, but it is limited to only 25 to 30 percent of patients after initial clinical presentation. The survival rate is different by the subtypes of carcinoma, stages, and general condition of patients. The author investigated the survival rate of 87 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung after surgery. Age ranged from 31 to 73 years, with mean 57.13+/-7.15 and 80.5%(70 cases) was initially diagnosed at sixth and seventh decades. Male to female ratio was 8.9:1. Initial complaints were cough with sputum in 78.1%, weight loss in 31.0%, chest pain and discomfort in 29.9%, and hemoptysis in 24.1%. The location of the tumor was right side in 44.8% and left side in 55.2% ; LUL in 39.1%, RLL in 20.7%, LLL in 16.1%, RUL in 14.9% and RML in 9.2%. Stage I was 19.5%, stage II 25.3%, stage IIIa 54.1% and stage IIIb 1.1%. Operative procedures were as follow : pneumonectomy in 52.9%, lobectomy in 47.1%, sleeve upper lobectomy in 4 cases. Single mediastinal lymph node involvement was observed in 17 cases, and multi-level mediastinal lymph node involvement in 23 cases. Lower paratracheal lymph node and subcarinal lymph node were more frequently involved in right side lung cancer, with 8 and 10 cases, respectively and subaortic lymph node was most frequently involved in left side lung cancer with 9 cases. Operative complications were hoarseness, wound infection and chylothorax in 7, 5 and 4 cases, respectively. The operative mortality was 2.2% and the cause of death was pulmonary edema. Postoperative follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 99 months with a mean of 29.95+/-17.21 months. Overall one-year survival rate was 75.1% and five-year survival rate was 29.8%. One-year and five-year survival rates were 93.7% and 52.4% for stage I, 92.2% and 30.5% for stage II, and 61.2% and 17.4% for stage IIIa, respectively. These findings correlate survival rate with tumor size, mediastinal lymph node metastasis and surgical resectability, and long-term survival can be expected with small sized tumor, absent mediastinal lymph node metastasis and complete surgical resection.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Chylothorax ; Cough ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoptysis ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumonectomy ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sputum ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Survival Rate ; Weight Loss ; Wound Infection

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common primary tumor in infancy and childhood and are frequently associated with tuberous sclerosis. Although spontaneous regression of cardiac rhabdomyoma has been reported , prognosis of this tumor associated with subaortic stenosis is still considered to be poor and surgery continues to be indicated. A 4-day-old female was admitted due to tachypnea and cyanosis. Single rhabdomyoma arising from the interventricular septum associated with severe subaortic stenosis was partially removed under cardiopulmonary bypass. Excised tumor size was 0.7 X 0.9 X 0.4 cm in dimension. The postoperative course was uneventful and the infant discharged on the 14th postoperative day.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cyanosis ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Prognosis ; Rhabdomyoma* ; Tachypnea ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction*

The frequency or primary lung cancer is increasing compared to other cancer. Complete surgical resection is the most effective method of treatment, but it is limited to only 25 to 30 percent of patients after initial clinical presentation. The survival rate is different by the subtypes of carcinoma, stages, and general condition of patients. The author investigated the survival rate of 87 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung after surgery. Age ranged from 31 to 73 years, with mean 57.13+/-7.15 and 80.5%(70 cases) was initially diagnosed at sixth and seventh decades. Male to female ratio was 8.9:1. Initial complaints were cough with sputum in 78.1%, weight loss in 31.0%, chest pain and discomfort in 29.9%, and hemoptysis in 24.1%. The location of the tumor was right side in 44.8% and left side in 55.2% ; LUL in 39.1%, RLL in 20.7%, LLL in 16.1%, RUL in 14.9% and RML in 9.2%. Stage I was 19.5%, stage II 25.3%, stage IIIa 54.1% and stage IIIb 1.1%. Operative procedures were as follow : pneumonectomy in 52.9%, lobectomy in 47.1%, sleeve upper lobectomy in 4 cases. Single mediastinal lymph node involvement was observed in 17 cases, and multi-level mediastinal lymph node involvement in 23 cases. Lower paratracheal lymph node and subcarinal lymph node were more frequently involved in right side lung cancer, with 8 and 10 cases, respectively and subaortic lymph node was most frequently involved in left side lung cancer with 9 cases. Operative complications were hoarseness, wound infection and chylothorax in 7, 5 and 4 cases, respectively. The operative mortality was 2.2% and the cause of death was pulmonary edema. Postoperative follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 99 months with a mean of 29.95+/-17.21 months. Overall one-year survival rate was 75.1% and five-year survival rate was 29.8%. One-year and five-year survival rates were 93.7% and 52.4% for stage I, 92.2% and 30.5% for stage II, and 61.2% and 17.4% for stage IIIa, respectively. These findings correlate survival rate with tumor size, mediastinal lymph node metastasis and surgical resectability, and long-term survival can be expected with small sized tumor, absent mediastinal lymph node metastasis and complete surgical resection.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Chylothorax ; Cough ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoptysis ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumonectomy ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sputum ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Survival Rate ; Weight Loss ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: To determine the phenotypic and functional changes of circulating CD56+ T cells in ocular Behcet's disease (BD) according to the intraocular inflammatory activity METHODS: Forty patients with BD were divided into two groups according to the inflammatory activity (active; 20, inactive; 20). Twenty patients with acute anterior uveitis and 20 healthy subjects were used as controls. Populations of T lymphocytes subsets in the peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometric analysis, using monoclonal antibodies for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, pan alpha beta TCR, pan gamma delta TCR, and V alpha24. The frequencies of intracellular cytokine (IFN-gamma and IL-4) were measured in circulating T cells. RESULTS: CD56 expression was significantly upregulated on CD3+ T cells in active BD compared with those of inactive BD which showed similar data as acute anterior uveitis and healthy subjects (p<0.05). This upregulated expression of CD56 was prominent in CD8(high) T and gamma delta T subsets. The frequencies of IFN-gamma production on circulating T cells were increased in active BD while the frequencies of IL-4 producing cells were decreased, and these trends were prominent in the subsets of CD56+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating T cells with CD56 expression are phenotypically and functionally upregulated according to the inflammatory activity of BD. This suggests that CD56+ T cells may play a pathogenic role in maintenance of ocular inflammation in BD.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-4 ; Natural Killer T-Cells* ; T-Lymphocytes ; Uveitis* ; Uveitis, Anterior