To know the correlation between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesion and to define the characteristics of interstitial inflammatory cell in IgA nephropathy and classified according to WHO classification and graded tubulointerstitial lesion as mild, moderate and severe. Paraffin-embedded 5u sections were stained with UCHL-l, L26 and CD68 antibodies. More than 20 fields were examined in each case under the high power microscopy and the number of positive cells were counted. There was positive correlation between the severity of glomerular and that of tubulointerstitial lesion. The mostcommoninflammatory cells in the interstitiuin were UCHL-l positive cells followed by CD68 and L26 positive cells. As the WHO grade or tubulointerstitial lesion increased, the numbers of positive cells were increased in all three groups. The proportion of UCHL-1 Positive cells were increased in cases with high WHO grade whereas that of L26 positive cells incases with severe tubulointerstitial lesion Proteinuria was correlated with the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, especially with that of L26 positive cells.

No abstract available.
Amenorrhea* ; Female

Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic vasculitic disease of the aorta, its major branches and the pulmonary arteries, resulting in stenosing, occlusive or aneurysmal lesion. While the precise etiology of Takayasu's disease is unknown, an autoimmune mechanism or active tuberculous inflammation have been suggested. It is more common in young oriental women but has a rare incidence in children. We experienced a case of Takayasu arteritis type IV in an 8years old girl. The diagnosis was made by physial examination and digital substraction aortography(DSA) which showed narrowing of left common carotid artery, right subclavin artery and left renal artery. The perfusion defect at posterior segment of right upper lobe was noted in lung perfusion scan. Medical treatment and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) were performed. In addition to case report, a brief review of literature was added.
Aneurysm ; Angioplasty* ; Aorta ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Artery ; Renal Artery ; Takayasu Arteritis*

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common chronic inflammatory disease. Previous studies suggested that, Pityrosporum, lipophilic fungi, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease clinically and mycologically for better understanding of the pathogenesis. METHODS: Two hundred and one new patient.s with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and 67 norrnal subjects were obs!,rved clinically by the dermatologist and studied stat,istically by questionnaires. A mycologic study of Pityrosporum was also performed by direct smear. RESULTS: Among a total of 201 patients wit,h seborrheic dermatitis, 72.6% had pityriasis sicca, 10.5% had pityr iasis steartoides and 16.9% had inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis. On clinical grading by the Kligman.. scale, grade III(slightly scaling) was the most common in the patients and 52.6% of the norma. subjects were below grade II (no scaling). Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in 76.7% of the patients and 91.5% of the normal subjects. The incidence of Pityrosporum was lower particularly in t,he patients with inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis t,han in other pa~tients groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it, is difficult to conclude that Pityrosporum is a main causative ager t of seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, it is thought t.hat further studies of the role of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis are needed.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malassezia* ; Pityriasis ; Scalp* ; Spores ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common chronic inflammatory disease. Previous studies suggested that, Pityrosporum, lipophilic fungi, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the disease clinically and mycologically for better understanding of the pathogenesis. METHODS: Two hundred and one new patient.s with seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp and 67 norrnal subjects were obs!,rved clinically by the dermatologist and studied stat,istically by questionnaires. A mycologic study of Pityrosporum was also performed by direct smear. RESULTS: Among a total of 201 patients wit,h seborrheic dermatitis, 72.6% had pityriasis sicca, 10.5% had pityr iasis steartoides and 16.9% had inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis. On clinical grading by the Kligman.. scale, grade III(slightly scaling) was the most common in the patients and 52.6% of the norma. subjects were below grade II (no scaling). Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in 76.7% of the patients and 91.5% of the normal subjects. The incidence of Pityrosporum was lower particularly in t,he patients with inflammatory seborrheic dermatitis t,han in other pa~tients groups. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it, is difficult to conclude that Pityrosporum is a main causative ager t of seborrheic dermatitis. In addition, it is thought t.hat further studies of the role of Pityrosporum in seborrheic dermatitis are needed.
Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malassezia* ; Pityriasis ; Scalp* ; Spores ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Thoracic Wall* ; Thorax*

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by one or a combination of the following lesions: (1) glomerular involvement with three distinctive patterns: diffuse glomerulosclerosis, nodular glomerulosclerosis, and exudative lesions; (2) arteriolo sclerosis; (3) urinary tract bacterial infection with pyelonephritis and sometimes emphysematous pyelonephritis. Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an uncommon life-threatening and acute suppurative infection of the kidney, and usually occurs in diabetic female patients. It is characterized by the production of intraparenchymal gas. Glucose fermentation has been considered the main cause of the gas formation. We presented two illustrative nephrectomy cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis in addition to the typical pathologic features of diabetic nephropathy.
Bacterial Infections ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Female ; Fermentation ; Glucose ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Pyelonephritis* ; Sclerosis ; Urinary Tract

BACKGROUND: Seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis are clinically different diseases, but symptoms and signs of both seborrheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis often can be found simultaneously in one patient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to (1) investigate if patients with either seborrheic dermatitis or atopic dermatitis have the symptoms and signs of both disease entities at the same time, and (2) study the relationship between Malassezia species on the scalp and each of the diseases. METHOD: Eighty five patients with seborrheic dermatitis on the scalp, the Pityriasis sicca type, and 79 patients with atopic dermatitis and 76 normal subjects were observed clinically by the dermatologist and studied statistically using questionaires. A mycological study of Malassezia species was also performed by direct smearing. RESULT: Among the 21 items of questionaires regarding the symptoms and signs of seborrheic dermatitis, the patients with atopic dermatitis showed higher incidences in 7 items compared with normal subjects, and among the 22 items of questionaires regarding the symptoms and signs of atopic dermatitis, the patients with seborrheic dermatitis showed higher incidences in 2 items than the normal subjects. The patients regarded their skin conditions as follows : the mixed state of dried and oily skin was in 32.9% of the patients with atopic dermatitis, 42.4% of those with seborrheic dermatitis, and 43.4% of the normal subjects. On clinical grading by the Kligman's scale, the most common grade was below grade II(no scaling) in patients with atopic dermatitis and grade III(slight scaling) in patients with seborrheic dermatitis, respectively. The spores of Malassezia species were found in 83.6% of the patients with atopic dermatitis, 96.2% of those with seborrheic dermatitis, and 90.6% of the normal subjects. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, the patients with atopic dermatitis showed higher incidences of symptoms and signs of seborrheic dermatitis than normal subjects and there was no difference in the number of spores and hyphae of Malassezia species among the three groups. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the relationship between sebonheic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis.
Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic* ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Incidence ; Malassezia* ; Pityriasis ; Scalp ; Skin ; Spores ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare two bowel preparation agents, sodium phosphate solution with magnesium citrate solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 94 subjects that underwent a double-contrast barium enema were included in this study. Bowel preparation before performing the barium study was done by using a sodium phosphate solution in 47 subjects and by using a magnesium citrate solution in the other 47subjects. We evaluated the presence or absence of side effects when using these bowel preparation agents. Two radiologist who were blinded to the type of bowel preparation evaluated the quality of bowel preparation at the colonic segments (ascending, descending, and sigmoid colon) on the radiographs obtained by double-contrast barium enema, with regard to stool cleansing, water retention, barium coating and bubble formation. RESULTS: The side effects, such as abdominal clamping pain, nausea, hunger pain and chill occurred more frequently in the sodium phosphate group than in the magnesium citrate group (p<0.001). Stool retention was more frequently found in the magnesium citrate group (p<0.001). However, no statistical difference was noted on the status of water retention and barium coating between two groups. Gas bubble formation was more commonly seen in the sodium phosphate group (p<0.001). The sodium phosphate solution appeared to be more effective in cleansing the right colon (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Sodium phosphate solution appears to be more effective for colonic cleansing, with a lower incidence of side effects, than when using magnesium citrate solution.
Barium* ; Citric Acid* ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Constriction ; Enema* ; Humans ; Hunger ; Incidence ; Magnesium* ; Nausea ; Prospective Studies* ; Sodium* ; Water

PURPOSE: The therapeutic dose of cytokine for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma is very high and leads to toxic side effects and a substantial cost to the patients. Interleukin-2(IL-2) could be released continuously and slowly in the host by genetic engineering of IL-2 genes and increase host immunity with decreasing the a verse effects of the drug. We investigated the IL-2 gene expression, amplification of viral titer, and transduction of IL-2 gene into human renal cell carcinoma cell line with retroviral vectors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the production of retroviral vectors with the IL-2 gene, we used PA-317 as a packaging cell and Caki-2 as a renal cell carcinoma cell. Retroviral supernatants were added to culture flask containing Caki-2 cells and after 48 hours, replacement with a media containing G418(Gibco, Grand Island, NY) 800 microgram/m1 was done for selection of transfected colonies. The selected colonies were cultured and then measured the amount of IL-2 production per 1xl0(6) for 24 hours using an ELISA assay kit(BioSource International, USA) for IL-2. RESULTS: Thirteen colonies were selected and the amount of IL-2 production was 143.1 +/-75.3pg/m1/10(6) cells/24hr(range: 51.5-370.7). CONCLUSIONS: The success of transduction of the IL-2 gene into human renal cell carcinoma cell lines with a retroviral vector will give a possibility in gene therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma and may have promising results
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cell Line* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans* ; Interleukin-2* ; Product Packaging ; Zidovudine*