It is believed that the photopatch test is a valuable screening procedure for the determination of responsible antigenic substances in photoallergic contact dermatitis. But the technigues used for this procedure are cumbersome and require expensive equipment. In the present study, we adapted an easy and inexpensive photopatch test met- hod to our need. We report the results of this test method which was performed. in 21 patients with photodermatitis and 9 patients with polymorphic light eruption. 1. The UVB sensitivity determined by minimal erytherna dose (mean+-standard deviation) was I1618mW sec/cm in photodermatitis group, 108+ROmW sec/cm in polymorphic light eruption group and 126-+32mW-sec/cm in control group. But there was no significant difference among them (p>0. 05). 2. The reaction to UVA were negative in all groups. R. The photopatch test using IO potential photosensitizers revealed 12 positive responses in 9 patients; including 7 patients in photodermatitis group and 2 patients in polymorphic light eruption group. And the number of positive photopatch responses obtaied with each photosensitizer in RO patients with photodermatoses was 5 in chlorhexidine, 2 in paraaminobenzoic acid, musk ambrette and bithionol and 1 in chlorpromazine, respectively.
Bithionol ; Chlorhexidine ; Chlorpromazine ; Dermatitis, Photoallergic ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Photosensitivity Disorders ; Photosensitizing Agents

Nurses experience role conflict between nursing theory that they learned in school and clinical nursing practice. This conflict lead to lower self-image, self-esteem, job dissatisfaction. Also, the professionalism of nurses is estimatable by the grade of autonomy. The professional autonomy requires individual and professional obligation about her decision and performance. A lack of professional autonomy results in the job dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction leads to absenteeism, increased proneness to mental and physical illness and higher turnover rates. The purpose of this study was o investigate professional autonomy and self-concept of clinical nurses. Data were collected from 262 clinical nurses in P city from June 1 to June 30, 1996. The instruments used for this study were made by Arthur(1990) and Schutzenhofer(1983). The data were analyzed for frequency and percentage, mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression, using SAS PC+ Program. The findings were as it follows : 1. The mean of professional autonomy and self-concept were 152+/-18.48, 70.65+/-8.20(2.62), respectively. These showed mid level of professional autonomy and self-concept. 2. Professional autonomy of clinical nurses was found to vary significantly according to total years of clinical experience(F=4.49, p<0.01), position(F=3.49, p<0.05), and state under study for the degree(F=3.83, p<0.05). Professional self-concept was found to vary significantly according to age(F=3.52, p<0.05), marital status(F=7.39, p<0.001), total years of clinical experience(F=3.59, p<0.05), position(F=5.22, p<0.01), the expectant period being on the duty as clinical nurse(F=8.34, p<0.001), and motivation of choosing nursing(F=5.17, p<0.001). 3. The statistical relationship between clinical nurses' profession autonomy and self-concept was found as positive correlation9r=0.42246, p<0.001). 4. Professional autonomy was the highest factor predicting professional self-concept(17.85%). Professional autonomy and marital status accounted for 20.60% in professional self-concept of clinical nurses. In conclusion, Professional autonomy and self-concept of clinical nurses showed significantly positive relationship. Therefore, nursing education needs to develop programs and policies to increase professional autonomy and self-concept of clinical nurses.
Absenteeism ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Nursing Theory ; Professional Autonomy*

With the advent of faster scan time and new computer program, a scanning technique called “dynamic computedtomography” has become possible. Dynamic CT consists of performing multiple rappid sequence scans after injectionof contrast material. The authors have evaluated the clinical usefulness of CT and dynamic CT of 93 patients withbrain infarction and/or ischemia during the period of 17 months from April 1983 to Aug. 1983 to Aug. 1984 inDepartment of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1. The agedistribution ranged from 18 years to 78 years. Among them the most common age group was between 50 years and 59years(40.9%). 2. The sites of brain infarction were cerebral lobes(63 cases,68), basal ganglia(15 cases, 16.1%)and mlultiple sites(6 cases, 6.4%). The common affected site was middle cerebral artery territories. 3. Thecontrast enhancement of acute infarction was noted in 14 cases(17.5%) which occured commonly between 3 days and 2weeks from ictus. 4. The patterns of time-density curve in brain infarction and/or ischemia were as follow: a .Depression of slow wash-in phase was 20 cases(59%). b. Lower peak concentration was 17 cases(50%), c. Lower anddelayed peak concentration was 7 cases(21%), d. No definite peak concentration was 6 cases(18%). First threepatterns of time-density curve were thought as relatively characteristic curve of brain infarction and/orischemia. 5. Two cases that showed negative findings on precontrast CT scan appeared to be positive findings ashypodensity on postcontrast CT scan and were confirmed as brain infarction by dynamic CT. 6. The diagnostic entityof dynamic CT scan were as follows: a. large artery thrombotic infarction were 23 cases (58%). b. lacunarinfarction were 6 cases (15%). c. ischemia were 5 cases (13%), d. normal were 5 cases(13%), In six cases oflacunar infarction which was doubtful hypodensity on pre-and postcontrast CT scan had a marked difference in CT#(HU) on absolute scale graph of dynamic CT, so diagnosis of lacunar infarction could be made easily. 7. Theclinical values of dynamic CT consist in not only diagnosis of lacunar infarction but also evaluation ofeffectiveness of medical or surgical treatment.
Arteries ; Brain Infarction ; Brain ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemia ; Jeollabuk-do ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Stroke, Lacunar ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Schwannoma or neurilemmoma is an uncommon neoplasm, and it is derived from the peripheral nerve sheath. These tumors most frequently occur in the head, neck and flexor surfaces of the upper and lower extremities, while the porta hepatis and retroperitoneum are rarely implicated. We report here on a case of benign schwannoma in the porta hepatis with compression of the common bile duct, and this was successfully treated by surgical excision. The patient was a 63-year-old woman who had a slow growing upper abdominal mass for 3 years. The abdominal CT scan showed a 12 cm-sized cystic mass with a solid portion, and this was accompanied with intrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Abdominal exploration revealed a yellowish, cystic, encapsulated mass attached to the inferior vena cava, portal vein, the common bile duct and the liver. There has been no evidence of recurrence during 36 months of follow-up.
Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Common Bile Duct ; Dilatation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Liver ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Neurilemmoma ; Peripheral Nerves ; Portal Vein ; Recurrence ; Vena Cava, Inferior

The authors report two cases of clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. Two patients developed asymptomatic hepatitis and got better with conservative care. We decreased the dosage of clozapine and added hepatic protectors, resulting in normalized laboratory findings. The authors also reviewed side effects of clozapine in this report. We reviewed the suggested mechanism of either clozapine or chlorpromazine-induced hepatitis. Clozapine influences the liver cell via cytochrome P 450 and chlorpromazine does so via mild cholestasis. There may be a possibility that a patient who has experienced drug-induced hepatitis is vulnerable to clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. In this respect, those who have experienced drug-induced hepatitis must be observed more closely.
Chlorpromazine ; Cholestasis ; Clozapine ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Liver

BACKGROUND: Epidural clonidine reduces pain after surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding low-dose clonidine to continuous epidural local anesthetics and fentanyl on pam relief. METHODS: 100 patients scheduled for gynecologic low abdominal surgery were investigated. All patients were given 10cc of 0.25% bupivacaine with fentanyl 100 ug through epidural catheter. Group I was infused with combined 0.15% bupivacaine and fentanyl 5 ug/ml at a rate of 2cc/hr. Group II was infused with combined 0.15% bupivacaine and fentanyl 5 ug/ml and 150 ug of clonidine at a rate of 2cc/hr. Pain was assessed on a visual analogue pain scale for 2 postoperative days. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and incidence of side effects were observed. RESULTS: VAS observed 20min, 1hr, 1day, 2days after operation were significantly lower in Group II than Group I . Blood pressure and heart rates were significantly changed in Group II but not in Group I for 2 hours after epidural injection. The incidence of side effects was similar between Group I and Group II. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous low-dose epidural clonidine infusion reduces blood pressure and heatt rates significantly but enhances postoperative analgesic effect of combined epidural bupivacaine and fentanyl without increased side effects.
Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine* ; Catheters ; Clonidine* ; Fentanyl* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Epidural ; Pain Measurement ; Pharmacology

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological characteristics of the patients with bruxism by Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory(MMPI). METHODS: MMPI was administered to 87 patients(46 bruxism group and 41 control group) who had visited a local dental clinic from January to August 1998. RESULTS: The bruxism group had a higher score than control group in Masculinity-Femininity(Mf) scale. There were no differences between bruxism group and control group on the distribution of Depression(D), Psychopatic Deviate(Pd), Paranoia(Pa), Psychasthenia(Pt) scales. The bruxism group with the family history showed higher score than the bruxism group without family history in Pd scale. Male bruxism group had a higher score than female bruxism group in Defensiveness(K) scale and female bruxism group had higher score than male bruxism group in Pa scale. The bruxism group of clenching type had higher score than the bruxism group of mixed type in Social Introversion(Si) scale. There were no differences in MMPI score between those who had and did not have symptoms such as masticatory musle pain, neck pain and headache. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that individualized approach may be effective to the evaluation of psychological disturbances which might be related to sex, family history and, type of bruxism, while we did not find significant differences in personality charateristics between the bruxism and control groups.
Bruxism* ; Dental Clinics ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Male ; Minnesota ; MMPI* ; Neck Pain ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Humans* ; P-Glycoprotein* ; Urinary Bladder*

The authors measured the lateral & 3rd ventricles and cortical sulci in computerized axial tomographic films of 15 male patients with chronic alcoholism and 16 controls, who had been admitted to Kyng Hee University Hospital from Jan. 1, 1979 to Mar. 31, 1983. The results were as following: 1. The average age of patients was 47.5 yrs., and that of conntrols was 34.5 yrs. The average duration of habitual drinking was 11.6 yrs., and complicated with delirium tremens, head trauma, liver diseases (46.7% each other) and seizure (33.3%). 2. The sulcal widening was found in 9 cases (60.0%) of patients (mean +/- S.D. = 6.7 +/- 1.76mm) and no cases in control group (mean +/- S.D. = 2.3 +/- 0.88mm). The difference between patients and control group was statistically significant, especially in twenties (P<0.05). 3. The lateral ventricular enlargement was seen in 12 cases (80.0%) of patients (mean +/- S.D. = 17.1 +/- 0.93mm), and 8 cases (50.0%) of control group (mean +/- S.D. = 14.7+/- 1.46mm). There was statistical significance, especially in forties (P<0.05). There were no statistical significance except cella media index (P<0.05), according to various measuring indices. The width of 3rd ventricle was 1.88 +/- 0.152mm (mean+/-S.D.) in patients and 1.12+/-0.311mm (mean +/- S.D.) in control group. And the difference was statistically significant. 4. Cerebral atrophy was noticed in 10 cases (67.0%) among 15 taken C.A.T. of brain.
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium ; Alcoholics* ; Alcoholism ; Atrophy ; Brain ; Cerebral Ventricles* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Drinking ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Seizures

The size of spinal canal is mesured to detect the lumbar spinal stenosis syndrome and expanding intraspinaltumors by CT. This study was desinged for taking accurate measurement of the normal lumbar spinal canal in Koreanadults. The anteroposterior diameter, interpediculate distance and cross-sectional area of lumbar spinal canalwere measured in 110 normal adults. The results were as follows; 1. The window center that showed identical valueconsistent with actual measurement of phantom was between + 160HU and + 240HU and the window width was below +300HU. 2. In anteroposterio diameter, upper part of the canal was larger value than that of middle and lowerparts, but in interpediculate distance, lower part of the canal revealed larger value than that of upper andmiddle parts. There was no significant difference in cross-sectional area. 3. All measurements male were largerthan those of female at all levels of the spinal canal and 42 measurements(58%) were significant statisstically.4. Compared with Americans, Korean showed lower value in anteriopsterior diameter and cross-sectional area buthigher value in interpediculate distance. 5. Above results should contribute to making an another criteria fordiagnosing the lumbar spinal stenosis in Koreans.
Adult ; Asian Americans ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis