A number of chronic inflammatory lesions of unknown etiology in man have recentlybeen understood by the mechanism of so called auto-immune disease and a series of experimental study using animals have been extensively undertaken to reproduce the lesion. Experimental chronic inflammatory diseases induced by repeated injection of homologous or heterologous tissue antigen with adjuvant are based upon immunological process and these are readily reproducible. The author has experimentally studied on any allergic destruction of the epididymis of the rat on immunologic process as in other particular organs and tissue. A total of 59 white healthy male rats were divided into 7 major experimental groups of injection as follows. Group 1: six rats, control, injection with normal saline alone. Group 2: six rats, injection with adjuvant only. Group 3: six rats. injection with epididymal tissue only. Group 4: twenty-three rate, injection with rat epididymal tissue plus adjuvant. A. seven rats, sacrificed on the 64th day B. ten rate, sacrificed on the 92nd day C. six rats, sacrificed on the 128thday Group 5. six rate, injection with rat epididymal tissue plus adjuvant plus prednisolone. Group 6: six rats, injection with rabbit epididymal tissue only Group 7: six rats, injection with rabbit epididymal tissue plus adjuvant Injections were given into the abdominal muscle of the rat once s week for 8 weeks as scheduled in the text and the animals of all groups except the group 4, were sacrificed 8 days after the final injection. In the group 4, animals were further divided into 3 subgroups which were sacrificed on the 61st, 92nd and l28th day of the experiment, respectively. The epididymis and other organs of allexperimental animals were studied histopathologically and the following results were obtained; 1. In all rats of the group 1 receiving homologous epididymal tissue with adjuvant, the epididymis revealed relatively marked and significant inflammatory changes. Histopathology included edema, congestion, fibrosis in the interstitial tissue, and infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly composed of lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. Flattening and hyperplasia of the epithelial cells and cellular exsudation were observed in the tubules. 2. In the group 1, the lapse of time after injection provoked more marked inflammatory changes. Diffusely mild or moderate degree of inflammation observed on 61st day, was changed to diffusely moderate or marked inflammation on 92nd day and then to significantly more chronic lesion with less exsudation and more fibrosis on 128th day. 3. Homologous tissue antigen without adjuvant andheterologous tissue antigen with or without adjuvant caused no inflammatory changes. 4. Inflammatory changes induced by homologous tissue antigen with adjuvant seem to be readily inhibited or prevented by simultaneous administration of prednisolone.
Abdominal Muscles ; Animals ; Edema ; Eosinophils ; Epididymis ; Epididymitis* ; Epithelial Cells ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Plasma Cells ; Prednisolone ; Rats

Hypertensive encephalopathy is an acute clinical syndrome that shows central nerve dysfunction with sudden and marked elevation in blood pressure. But its pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical courses and prognosis are still not clear. In order to study clinical manifestations and response to treatment in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy, we reviewed 45 patients with hypertensive encephalopathy who were admitted in Dept. of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, from January 1975 to December 1984. The following results were obtained: 1) The ratio of male to female was 1.1:1. The peak age of incidence was in the 6th and 7th decade with mean age of 57.5 years. 2) Among 45 patients, only 29 had known history of hypertension and the average duration of hypertension was 8.1+/-3.6 years. 3) The most common sympotm was severe headache (68.9%). And altered consciousness, nausea and/or vomiting, focal neurologic signs and visual disturbance were also common symptoms in decreasing order of frequency. 4) Funduscopic examination showed hypertensive retinopathy in 20 of 24 (91.7%) patients and lumbar puncture revealed increased CSF pressure in 12 of 20 (60%) patients. 5) In most patients, the mean interval to symptomatic improvement was 2.1 days after administration of anti hypertensive agents, but in 6 patients with initial mean arterial blood pressure above 170mmHg, 4 patients showed delayed response and 2 patients were expired.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Consciousness ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy* ; Hypertensive Retinopathy ; Incidence ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Nausea ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Spinal Puncture ; Vomiting

1) Daily dose was 10-20mg Q.D. for 12 weeks. 2) Mean systolic and diastolic pressure were decreased by 49mmHg(25.9%), and 18mmHg(16.8%) respectively. But there was no significant change in heart rate before and after treatment. 3) Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were stably maintained on the whole day. 4) There were no significant side effects except two cases of aggravated congestive heart failure and hypertension. 5) There were no significant changes on hematologic & biochemical parameters before and after treatment.
Blood Pressure ; Heart Failure ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Nitrendipine*

No abstract available.
Cyclic GMP* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Gene Expression* ; Humans*

It has been known that proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) can be developed by various intraocular diseases. Among them, the intravitreal hemorrhage would be accounted one of the causative disorders of PVR. An experimental study of the rabbit retina following intravitreal injection of auto blood was performed in order to investigate of development processes and nature of cellular alterations in PVR. The results were as follows: 1. Macrophages containing several dense bodies appeared near the inner limiting membrane of the retina and many floating red blood cells were present in the vitreous cavity on 3 days after intravitreal injection of blood. 2. One week after intravitreal injection of blood, the Miiller cells extended to the vitreous penetrating the inner limiting membrane. Many macrophages were observed between the Miiller cell processes. 3. Preretinal proliferative tissue were differentiated to the multilayered Miiller cell processes with the cellular characteristics containing glycogen granules, SER and junctional complexes in 2 weeks after intravitreal injection of blood. In these states macrophages between the Miiller cell processes had were completely disappeared. 4. It was considered that Miiller cells extend to the vitreous penetrating the inner limiting membrane in order to phagocytose the red blood cells in the vitreous which lead to processes resulting in formation of PVR.
Erythrocytes ; Glycogen ; Hemorrhage* ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macrophages ; Membranes* ; Retina

PURPOSE: To report a case of cosmetically successful treatment of nevus of Ota performed by scleral painting and scleral allograft transplantation. METHODS: Scleral painting and allograft transplantation were done in a 28-year-old woman who had cosmetic problem due to nevus of Ota, and she was followed up for 5 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The patient had no specific postoperative complication and was satisfied with the surgical results. CONCLUSIONS: For patients of nevus of Ota who have not been treated successfully, scleral painting and allograft transplation can be an effective cosmetic treatment.
Adult ; Allografts ; Female ; Humans ; Nevus of Ota* ; Nevus* ; Paint ; Paintings ; Postoperative Complications

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis*

Mucocele of the appendix is uncomrnon and rarely diagnosed preoperatively. The malignant rountpart-i.e. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma--has the same grross appearance and many micro scopic features in cornmon wilhe the benign form. It rnay be associated with ovarian mucinous cystadenoma of strikingly similar microscopic appearence. A serious complication is a rupture of the mucoeele resulting in pseudomyxoma peritonei. Each case of benign and malignant mucocelr of the appendix falsely diagnosecl as an oovarian tumor before laparotxumy are presented wilh a brief rieview of the literatures.
Appendix* ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; Mucins ; Mucocele* ; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ; Rupture

If hypertensive emergencies are left untreated, multiple damages on heart, brain and kindney can develop. So rapid control of blood pressure within safty with effective antihypertensive agents is mandatory. For the comparison of antihypertensive effects among hydralazine (IV or IM), clonidine (IV), and nifedipine (sublingual) in hypertensive emergency, which were frequently used in our hospital, we performed propective study with hypertensive emergency patients(243 cases) who visited emergency room from Oct. 1986 until Aug. 1987. The results are as follows ; 1) For 58 patients who recieved hydralazine (IV or IM), initial mean arterial blood pressure(MAP) was 167.2+/-21.5mmHg and 15 minutes later 138.9+/-24.4mmHg, 45 minutes later 141.7+/-21.1mmHg, 90 minutes later, 133.9+/-26.6mmHg and, respectively. For 55patients who recived clonidine(IV), initial MAP was 164+/-21.9mmHg and 15minytes later 137.4+/-18.9mmHg, 45 minutes later 127.5+/-34.9mmHg, respectively. For 130 patients who recived nifedipine(sublingual), initial MAP was 159.8+/-21.4mmHg and 15 minutes later 143.0+/-22.8mmHg, 45 minutes later 127.5+/-21.1mmHg, 90 minutes later 119.3+/-20.0mmHg, respectibely. 2) Pulse rate showed 12.9% increase afer administration of hydralazine, 15.8% decrease in clonidine, 5.6% increase in nifedipine, respectively. 3)Severe reduction of blood pressure(systolic BP<130mmHG) after administration of following antihypertensive agents was found. i.e., hydralazine 5.2%, clonidine 1.8%, nifedipine 1.5%, respectively. 4) In 4 cases(6.9%) out of the 58 cases using hydralazine, 3 cases(5.5%) out of the 55 cases using clonidine, 9 cases(6.9%) out of the 130 cases using nifedipine, acute paradoxic hyertensive effects were observed.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Clonidine* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydralazine* ; Nifedipine*