Isolated rat thoracic aorta which is pharmacologically precontracted by phenylephrine induces photorelaxation when exposed to long wave length UV-light. The aim of the present study was to characterize the mechanism of UV-light induced by photorelaxation in the rat aorta. 1. UV light relaxed both endothelium-intact and -denuded rat aortic rings contracted by phenylephrine. The magnitude of relaxation on UV light was dependent on the exposure time and slightly greatly in endothelium-denuded rings than in endothelium-intact preparations. 2. L-NAME (10 nM-100 uM) but not D-NAME completely inhibited the photorelaxation in a concentration dependent manner. 3. The UV-induced relaxation was inhibited by methylene blue (1 -100 uM), and verapamil (100 nM), and removal of extracellular Ca2+. In contrast, UV-light induced photorelaxation was potentiated by N(w)-nitro-Larginine (L-NOARG) treatment. 4. In immunocytochemical analysis of UV-light induced iNOS and eNOS expression in rat aortas, at which expression levels were increased in a time-dependent manner on UV-irradiation in aortic endothelium and smooth muscle, respectively. These results suggest that UV light-induced photorelaxation may be due to nitric oxide from exogenously administered L-arginine as well as endogenous nitric oxide donors such as amino acid and arginine derivatives. Additional suggestion is that UV light stimulates the expression of nitric oxide synthases, and its activity for nitric oxide generation is dependent on cytosolic Ca2+ originated from extracellular space.
Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Cholinergic Agents/pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/physiology/radiation effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Methylene Blue/pharmacology ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Phenylephrine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; *Ultraviolet Rays ; Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology ; Vasodilation/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology ; Verapamil/pharmacology

No abstract available.

Pheochromocytoma are functioning tumors which arise in chromaffin tissue of adrenal gland. The signs and symptoms of pheothromocytoma results from the release of the highly potent amines, epinephrine and norepinephrine by the tumors. This tumor release both epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream for distribution to distant sites of action. Circulating norepinephrine produces widespread vasoconstriction, causing increased peripheral resistance and resulting in increased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures. The direct effect on the heart is to increase the rate and force of contraction. As important effect is the reduction of plasma volume caused by prolonged increases in circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine. These adrenergic aminess have prominet metabolic as well as hemodynamic effects. The increase oxygen consumption and elevation of blood glucose and lactic acid level caused by epinephrine are much more marked than the increase produced by comparable amounts of norepinephrine. Anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma should considered prevent serious alterations in blood pressure. So, We present the case of anesthetic management for pheochromocytoma which control of hypertensive crises by the use of a intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside.
Adrenal Glands ; Amines ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Epinephrine ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Lactic Acid ; Nitroprusside ; Norepinephrine ; Oxygen Consumption ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Plasma Volume ; Rivers ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction

A case of primary gastric carcinoma with patterns resembling those of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is reproted. This patient who represented high serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) underwent a subtotal gastrectomy for stomach cancer and lobectomy of liver metastasis. The hepatoid component of the tumor was characterized by solid nests of large polygonal cells arranged in cords and trabeculae, with central nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; single-nuclear giant cells were frequently noted. These tumor cells of stomach stained positive immunohistochemically for AFP, ACT(alpha-1-antitrypsin), AACT(alpha-1-antichy-motrypsin). Thus, this hepatoid gastric adenocarcinoma tumor cells demonstrated both morphologic and immunohistochemical features of partial differentiation to the HCC. Careful histologic examination in conjunction with the immunohistochemical demonstration of AFP can provide a useful contribution to the diagnosis of this rare histological type of gastric carcinoma And the presence of metastatic hepatoid adenocarcinoma from the stomach should be considered in a patient with hepatic tumor mimicking HCC. Because of frequent venous and lymphatic invasion, as well as liver metastasis, prognosis appears to be poor. The authors reviewed 45 cases of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of stomach reported in the literature, also.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

Cognitive deficit is frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia. It is significantly associated with functional outcome. In the past 20 years, due to significant advances on the concept of schizophrenia, cognitive deficit has been accepted as a core feature. In the DSM-5, cognitive deficit does not introduce diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia, but did one dimension of diagnosis of psychosis. Existing schizophrenia drugs are effective in treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but lack of effectiveness on improving cognitive function. Led by NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health), the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting was conducted in order to achieve consensus on measuring tools and neuropharmacological targets for clinical trials for development of new drugs for improvement of cognitive function in schizophrenia. At the MATRICS consensus meeting, glutamatergic modulators and nicotinic and muscarinic agonists are expected to be promising, but should be proven by a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study for patients.
Cognition ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Muscarinic Agonists ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia*

We experienced a complication of brachial plexus palsy secondary to operative position during thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomies. His general health was excellent and no previous histories vulnerable to peripheral nerve systems were observed. The thoracic sympathectomies were done under general anesthesia. The patient was placed left lateral position with his right arm abduced 150o on padded arm board. An operation was lasted 2 hours and 30 minutes at this position because of severe right apical lung adhesion. The controlateral side was performed same procedure and lasted 20 minutes. After the patient recovered from the anesthesia, the patient had a complete paralysis of right arm. There was also slightly diminished sensation to pinprick on the arm and hand. Neurologic examination and EMG study revealed brachial plexus palsy. Nerve blocks and physiotherapy were performed to treat brachial plexus injuries. His motor functions were improved day by day and he was discharged with a complete range of motion against gravity on 14th. postoperation day. However, there were loss of muscle powers against some resistances and tingling sensations of fingertips. Two months later, he was recovered completely and there was no residual disabilities.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arm ; Brachial Plexus* ; Gravitation ; Hand ; Humans ; Lung ; Nerve Block ; Neurologic Examination ; Paralysis* ; Peripheral Nerves ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Sensation ; Sympathectomy*

No abstract available.
Cystitis*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fixation strength and tissue reaction of the glue fixation and self-stabilizing leg fixation methods and to compare the results with those of the conventional tagging suture fixation method. MATER AND METHODS: Twelve healthy rabbits were selected and three different methods of implanting the port chamber were employed on the back of each rabbit. A total of thirty six port chambers were implanted with these three different methods, viz. the glue fixation method using tissue adhesive, the self-stabilizing leg method using a self-expandable stabilizing leg, and the suture fixation method. The fixation strength and the gross and histopathologic changes of each fixation method were evaluated at three days, one week, two weeks and four weeks after port implantation. RESULTS: The glue fixation method showed a good fixation strength, which was similar to that of the tagging suture method (p=0.3486). Five of the six ports (83%) implanted with the glue fixation method which were examined after two weeks showed cracks on the external surface, but this had no adverse effects on their function. A large amount of granulation tissue reaction was found at the bottom of the chamber (p=0.0025). The fixation with the self-stabilizing leg showed relatively lower fixation strength (p=0.0043), but no turning-over of the chamber occurred. The fixation strength improved with time after the first week, and minimal granulation tissue reaction was observed with this method. CONCLUSION: The glue fixation method exhibited equal fixation strength compared to the suture fixation, but showed cracking and a large amount of granulation tissue, whereas the fixation with a self-stabilizing leg showed weaker fixation strength.
Alloys ; Animals ; Capillaries/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Device Removal ; Enbucrilate/therapeutic use ; *External Fixators ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Granulation Tissue/blood supply/metabolism/pathology ; *Implants, Experimental ; Models, Animal ; Rabbits ; Sutures/*utilization ; Time Factors ; Tissue Adhesives/*therapeutic use

Isoflurane, which has only recently been introduced into clinical practice, is a nonflammable halogenated ether used as an inhalation anesthetic. It has pharmacological, physical, and clinical properties similar to those of halothane and enflurane: however, it differs from botn in several important aspecs. The potent neuromuscular blocking action of sioflurane in desirable, because it reduces the requirement for muscle relaxants and allows lower doses of anesthesis. To quantitatively clarify the neuromuscular blocking effect of isoflurane, neuromuscular function was monitored by "Train of Four" stimulus with and without administration of muscle relaxants under halothane and isoflurane anesthesis, respectively, in 60 patients. The patients were divided into 4 groups(halothane anesthesia without muscle relaxants, halothane anesthesis with muscle relaxants, isoflurane anesthesia without muscle relaxants and isoflurane anesthesia with muscle relaxants). Twich responses of thenar muscle were monitored and analysed for the value of maximaum twich depression by halothane and isoflurane anesthesia, respectively, and the onset time, degree of maximal neuromuscular blockade, duration of action and recovery index of pnscuronium bromide under halothane and isoflurane anesthesia, respectively. The results were as follows: 1) Isoflurane exhibited a neuromuscular blocking effect 2,3 times more potent than halothane. 2) Neuromuscular depression by halothane and isoflurane was not accompanied by "fade". 3) The recovery time from nuromuscular blockade by succinylcholine in isoflurane anesthesia was increased significantly compared with halothane anesthesia. 4) The duration of action and the recovery index were increased significantly in isoflurane anesthesia compared with halothane anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Depression ; Enflurane ; Ether ; Halothane ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Isoflurane* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Succinylcholine

Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare tumor of mesodermal origin that is infrequently diagnosed antemortem and survival is short. A 60 year old male case of pericardial mesothelioma (epitheloid type) is reported. He was admitted to Yeungnam University Hospital because of chest pain, dyspnea, orthopnea and nonproductive cough. Chest x-ray suggested pericardial effusion. 2-D echocardiography showed echo free spaces of massive pericardial effusion and areas of thick hyperrefractile echoes arising from the pericardium. Pericardiocentesis was attempted and aspirated fluid was bloody exudates. Pericardial window operation with biopsy was done. Swan-Ganz catheterization showed equalization between right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. The pathologic diagnosis was established by histologic finding at pericardial biopsy.
Atrial Pressure ; Biopsy ; Catheterization, Swan-Ganz ; Chest Pain ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Exudates and Transudates ; Humans ; Male ; Mesoderm ; Mesothelioma* ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardiocentesis ; Pericardium ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Thorax