We developed a prototype of web-based instruction(WBI) program to provide more convenient and more effective service to the public health officials. This web-based instruction program had specific objectives on vaccination for the public health officials who were working for national immunization program. This course had 21 chapters composed of hypertext or voice-based instruction. Using the WBI courseware of Korean Officials Trainging Institution(KOTI), 32 public health official volunteers joined this prototype 2 week program in April 2001. A Auestionnaire survey for evaluation of subjective satisfaction and related factors, cyber-education behavior, and internet using behavior was performed in April, 2001. Among the answered 29 subjects, 24 were female(82.8%). Mean age was 36.6% 6.16. 79.3% of the 29 subjects connected internet in their office. The highest frequent study duration was < 1 hr(51.7%) per connection. They represented relatively high subjective satisfaction in education form(78.6%), and contents(85.7%). But 62.3% of these subjects answered the subjective relative effectiveness score(which was as 100 in case of classical lecture form) was lower than 100. The place to connect internet was only statistically significant factor between these two groups in bivariable analysis. But we could not found any significant factors in multivariate analysis. 89.7% of the subjects answered they would like to participate any more WBI courses serviced by Korean National Health Institute. This study had restriction of small sample size.
Education ; Education, Distance ; Hypermedia ; Immunization Programs ; Internet ; Multivariate Analysis ; Public Health* ; Sample Size ; Vaccination ; Volunteers

Renal dysplasia is a developmental disorder of the renal parenchyma involving anomalous differentiation. It is characterized by persistent metanephric ducts surrounded by primitive mesenchyme, fetal or immature glomeruli, fetal or immature tubules, interstitial fibrosis, and dysontogenic metaplasia involving tissues such as cartilage. Renal dysplasia has been rarely reported in rats. Here, we observed a small left kidney in a rat used in a short-term repeat toxicity study. The rat showed no clinical signs throughout the study. All parameters, including those reflecting kidney functions, were normal upon hematological examination and urinalysis. Grossly, the kidney was small (5 x 8 mm) and its surface appeared normal. Histological examination revealed that the cortex and medulla were poorly demarcated and contained immature/atrophic glomeruli, immature renal tubules, and mesenchymal cells. The cortex contained immature glomeruli, atrophic glomeruli with cystic dilatation of Bowman's capsular space, and some atypical tubules. Primitive metanephric tubules in the medulla were larger in diameter than normal collecting ducts, lined by a tall columnar epithelium with pale cytoplasm and basal nucleus, and surrounded by loose mesenchymal cells. Occasional tubules contained pale eosinophilic homogenous material in the lumen. Thus, this was diagnosed as a case of renal dysplasia on the basis of histologic features and is the first reported case of renal dysplasia in Sprague Dawley rats.
Animals ; Cartilage ; Cytoplasm ; Dilatation ; Eosinophils ; Epithelium ; Fibrosis ; Kidney ; Mesoderm ; Metaplasia ; Pathology ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinalysis