Gonadoblastoma occurs almost always in association with a Y chromosome cell line, and developes in one third of patients with Mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Removing of gonads of intersex patients with the Y chromosome is very important because of the strong association of the genesis of tumor in dysgenetic gonads with the presence of a Y chromosome. But it is always possible that an XY cell line could be missed, or that a fragment from Y chromosome could have been translocated and not discovered by chromosomal analysis. PCR with Y specific probe or Southern blotting would reveal the presence of a Y or a translocated fragment. We experienced an 18-year-old woman represent with primary amenorrhea who had 45,X/46,X,+mar. Y-specific PCR revealed that the marker chromosome was drived from Y chromosome. After both gonadectomy and clitorial recession, we found the gonadoblastoma in dysgenetic testis. So we report it with brief review of literatures.
Adolescent ; Amenorrhea ; Blotting, Southern ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed* ; Gonadoblastoma* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Testis ; Y Chromosome

BACKGROUND: Many studies have tried to develop predictors for return-to-work (RTW). However, since complex factors have been demonstrated to predict RTW, it is difficult to use them practically. This study investigated whether factors used in previous studies could predict whether an individual had returned to his/her original work by four years after termination of the worker's recovery period. METHODS: An initial logistic regression analysis of 1,567 participants of the fourth Panel Study of Worker's Compensation Insurance yielded odds ratios. The participants were divided into two subsets, a training dataset and a test dataset. Using the training dataset, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and support vector machine models were established, and important variables of each model were identified. The predictive abilities of the different models were compared. RESULTS: The analysis showed that only earned income and company-related factors significantly affected return-to-original-work (RTOW). The random forest model showed the best accuracy among the tested machine learning models; however, the difference was not prominent. CONCLUSION: It is possible to predict a worker's probability of RTOW using machine learning techniques with moderate accuracy.
Accidents, Occupational* ; Dataset ; Decision Trees ; Forests ; Insurance ; Logistic Models ; Machine Learning* ; Odds Ratio ; Return to Work ; Support Vector Machine ; Workers' Compensation

Exposure of an individual to occupational and environmental risk factors for a certain disease affects them and their family. Children are highly vulnerable in this setting because they are family-dependent. This review discusses diseases that occur in children according to the occupational and behavioral characteristics of their parents. Toxic agents in the home environment can affect children’s health. Maternal exposure to substances during pregnancy may directly affect fetal outcomes. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in Korea was amended in 2023 to compensate for children’s adverse health effects due to their parents’ occupational risks. The long working hours and smoking behaviors of parents and toxic materials in the home environment are highlighted. To control for the diverse factors affecting children’s health in medical research, this review introduces directed acyclic graphs. Pediatric, occupational, and environmental medicine must collaborate to prevent childhood diseases related to environmental factors.

Exposure of an individual to occupational and environmental risk factors for a certain disease affects them and their family. Children are highly vulnerable in this setting because they are family-dependent. This review discusses diseases that occur in children according to the occupational and behavioral characteristics of their parents. Toxic agents in the home environment can affect children’s health. Maternal exposure to substances during pregnancy may directly affect fetal outcomes. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in Korea was amended in 2023 to compensate for children’s adverse health effects due to their parents’ occupational risks. The long working hours and smoking behaviors of parents and toxic materials in the home environment are highlighted. To control for the diverse factors affecting children’s health in medical research, this review introduces directed acyclic graphs. Pediatric, occupational, and environmental medicine must collaborate to prevent childhood diseases related to environmental factors.

Exposure of an individual to occupational and environmental risk factors for a certain disease affects them and their family. Children are highly vulnerable in this setting because they are family-dependent. This review discusses diseases that occur in children according to the occupational and behavioral characteristics of their parents. Toxic agents in the home environment can affect children’s health. Maternal exposure to substances during pregnancy may directly affect fetal outcomes. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in Korea was amended in 2023 to compensate for children’s adverse health effects due to their parents’ occupational risks. The long working hours and smoking behaviors of parents and toxic materials in the home environment are highlighted. To control for the diverse factors affecting children’s health in medical research, this review introduces directed acyclic graphs. Pediatric, occupational, and environmental medicine must collaborate to prevent childhood diseases related to environmental factors.

Exposure of an individual to occupational and environmental risk factors for a certain disease affects them and their family. Children are highly vulnerable in this setting because they are family-dependent. This review discusses diseases that occur in children according to the occupational and behavioral characteristics of their parents. Toxic agents in the home environment can affect children’s health. Maternal exposure to substances during pregnancy may directly affect fetal outcomes. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act in Korea was amended in 2023 to compensate for children’s adverse health effects due to their parents’ occupational risks. The long working hours and smoking behaviors of parents and toxic materials in the home environment are highlighted. To control for the diverse factors affecting children’s health in medical research, this review introduces directed acyclic graphs. Pediatric, occupational, and environmental medicine must collaborate to prevent childhood diseases related to environmental factors.

BACKGROUND: There were several suicide events of subway drivers in Korea. The aim of this study is to explore work-related factors associated with suicide ideation among subway drivers. METHODS: We analyzed data from 980 male subway drivers. A section of the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI 2.1) was administered by trained interviewers to judge whether a driver has suicide ideation and to diagnose psychiatric disorders. A questionnaire was also administered to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, work environments, occupational stress, person under train (PUT) experience, and work-related problems. Occupational stress was examined by using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS). Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between work-related factors and suicide ideation among subway drivers. RESULTS: Regarding work-related problems, conflict with passengers and sudden stops due to the emergency bell were significantly associated with suicide ideation. MDD, PTSD, and panic disorder were strongly associated with suicide ideation. In the analysis of occupational stress, insufficient job control (OR 2.34) and lack of reward (OR 2.52) were associated with suicide ideation even after being adjusted for psychiatric disorders and other work-related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient job control and lack of reward were associated with suicide ideation among subway drivers. Strategies for drivers to have autonomy while working and to achieve effort-reward balance should be implemented. Furthermore, drivers who have experienced negative work-related problems should be managed appropriately.
Emergencies ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Panic Disorder ; Railroads* ; Reward ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ; Suicide*

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to ascertain the relationship between several factors and successful return to work using a structural equation model. METHODS: We used original data from the Panel Study of Worker's Compensation Insurance, and defined four latent variables as occupational, individual, supportive, and successful return to work. Each latent variable was defined by its observed variables, including age, workplace size, and quality of the medical services. A theoretical model in which all latent variables had a relationship was suggested. After examining the model, we modified some pathways that were not significant or did not fit, and selected a final structural equation model that had the highest goodness of fit. RESULTS: All three latent variables (occupational, individual, and supportive) showed statistically significant relationships with successful return to work. The occupational and supportive factors had relationships with each other, but there was no relationship between individual and the other factors. Nearly all observed variables had significance with their latent variables. The correlation coefficients from the latent variables to successful return to work were statistically significant and the indices for goodness of fit were satisfactory. In particular, four observed variables-handicap level, duration of convalescence, working duration, and support from the company-showed construct validities with high correlation coefficients. CONCLUSIONS: All factors that we examined are related to successful return to work. We should focus on the supportive factor the most because its variables are modifiable to promote a return to work by those injured in their workplace.
Convalescence ; Insurance ; Models, Theoretical ; Return to Work* ; Workers' Compensation

We report here on a case of obstruction of a reinforced endotracheal tube (4.5 mm) with purulent bronchial secretions during performance of myringotomy and a pharyngeal flap operation under general anesthesia. This 4 year-old child, who had had a history of upper respiratory tract infection (URI), had been referred to a pediatrician before surgery and the baby was deemed to be well without any URI symptoms. But failure to achieve ventilation along with high end-tidal carbon dioxide tension and the inability to pass the catheter tip through the endotracheal tube were noticed 30 minute after the induction of anesthesia. We exchanged the tube for a 4.5 mm RAE tube and we found the reinforced tube was completely occluded by purulent secretions. After exchange of the tube, the patient's ventilation was improved immediately, but further surgical procedures were canceled by the plastic surgeon.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Carbon Dioxide ; Catheters ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Intubation ; Mucus* ; Pediatrics ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Ventilation