In order to develop a Patient respiratory management system includinga biofeedback function for4-dimentional radiation therapy, this study investigated anoptimal tracking algorithmfor moving target using IR (Infra-red) camera as well as commercial camera. A tracking system was developed by LabVIEW 2010. Motion phantom images were acquired using a camera (IR or commercial). After image process were conducted to convert acquired image to binary image by applying a threshold values, several edge enhance methods such as Sobel, Prewitt, Differentiation, Sigma, Gradient, Roberts, were applied. The targetpattern was defined in the images, and acquired image from a moving targetwas tracked by matching pre-defined tracking pattern. During the matching of imagee, thecoordinateof tracking point was recorded. In order to assess the performance of tracking algorithm, the value of score which represents theaccuracy of pattern matching was defined. To compare the algorithm objectively, we repeat experiments 3 times for 5 minuts for each algorithm. Average valueand standard deviations (SD) of score were automatically calculatedsaved as ASCII format. Score of threshold only was 706, and standard deviation was 84. The value of average and SD for other algorithms which combined edge detection method and thresholdwere 794, 64 in Sobel, 770, 101 in Differentiation, 754, 85 in Gradient, 763, 75 in Prewitt, 777, 93 in Roberts, and 822, 62 in Sigma, respectively. According to score analysis, the most efficient tracking algorithm is the Sigma method. Therefore, 4-dimentional radiation threapy is expected tobemore efficient if threshold and Sigma edge detection method are used together in target tracking.
Biofeedback, Psychology ; Humans ; Track and Field

We report here on a case of obstruction of a reinforced endotracheal tube (4.5 mm) with purulent bronchial secretions during performance of myringotomy and a pharyngeal flap operation under general anesthesia. This 4 year-old child, who had had a history of upper respiratory tract infection (URI), had been referred to a pediatrician before surgery and the baby was deemed to be well without any URI symptoms. But failure to achieve ventilation along with high end-tidal carbon dioxide tension and the inability to pass the catheter tip through the endotracheal tube were noticed 30 minute after the induction of anesthesia. We exchanged the tube for a 4.5 mm RAE tube and we found the reinforced tube was completely occluded by purulent secretions. After exchange of the tube, the patient's ventilation was improved immediately, but further surgical procedures were canceled by the plastic surgeon.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Carbon Dioxide ; Catheters ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Intubation ; Mucus* ; Pediatrics ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Ventilation