We report two cases of type V hyperlipoproteinemia and eruptive xanthomas associated with diabetes mellitus in a 44-year-old woman and a 25-year-old woman. They had asymptomatic, diffuse, erythematous yellowish papules on the extremities and buttocks. The laboratory studies showed increased serum blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, increasing pre-β and chylomicron bands on electrophoresis of lipoprotein. Histopathologic findings of erythematous yellowish papules on the thigh and buttock revealed aggregation of foam cells in the dermis. They have been treated with diet control, hypoglycemic agent (gliclazide) and hypolipidemic drug (gemfibrozil), and are under continued supervision.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Buttocks ; Cholesterol ; Dermis ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diet ; Electrophoresis ; Extremities ; Female ; Foam Cells ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V* ; Lipoproteins ; Organization and Administration ; Thigh ; Triglycerides ; Xanthomatosis*

This statistical analysis of 4,709 legal autopsies performed in Korea in 2012 was conducted to obtain primary data about and related variables. The analysis revealed the following: 1. Of the total number of deaths, men accounted for and women, 26.8%. Evidently, the number of deaths among men was more than twice that among women. 2. With respect to mode of death, 54.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 39.2% were natural deaths, and 6.0% had unknown causes. Of the 2,581 unnatural deaths, 44.8% were accidental deaths; 27.2%, suicidal; 17.5%, homicidal; and 10.3%, undetermined. 3. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 43.0% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down was the leading cause, accounting for 33.5% cases. Asphyxiation was accounted for 17.2%, among which the predominant cause was hanging (55.3%). Moreover, 12.5% of deaths were due to drowning; 11.5%, poisoning; 11.2%, thermal injuries; 2.7%, complications in medical procedures; and 0.3%, electrocution, starvation, or neglect. 4. Among 1,847 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 50.2% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.7%. 5. There were 207 cases of deaths among children under the age of 10, of which 94 were unnatural and 49 were homicidal deaths. Of all cases, 9.2% had an unknown cause of death, and of these 67.6%, were putrefied or skeletonized bodies.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Poisoning ; Skeleton ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage is a accurate and safe method confirming the intraabdominal injury with head trauma, unstable multiple injuried patients. But the development of imaging technique and the trend in noninvasive diagnostic value is decreasing now. In the emergency room, the emergency physicians are required the rapidity and accuracy' in intial assessment and the decisions for the operation or not. So emergency physicians have been investigating the diagnostic method for intraabdomial injury that is more rapid, safe and accurate. Many diagnostic tools are developed and now accepted and used widely, among them the diagnostic peritoneal lavage is still the best method for unsatble or head injuries patients. But the positive diagnostic criterias are variable by many authors and still remain imperfectly. So our study was reviewed by medical record of patients who were undertaken the diagnostic peritoneal lavage for the diagnosis intraabdominal injury and statistical analyasis was done compared with many criteria of red blood cell and white blood cell for the more actuate way. A retrospective study of diagnostic peritoneal lavage was done of 90 patients with blunt abdominal trauma during 2 years from January, 1996 to December, 1997 and summerized our experience. The results were as follows; 1) There are 73 males and 17 females in sex. The most common type of injury was the traffic accident. 2) With many variable criteria of RBC and WBC, the accuracy and the false positive and false negative were not different in statistical results. The average accuracy was 80.1%. 3) The operations were done in 30(33.3%) cases, and the most frequent injuried organ was the small bowel, 20 cases(66.7%).
Accidents, Traffic ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Medical Records ; Peritoneal Lavage* ; Retrospective Studies

Objectives: The present paper aimed to examine whether an aging workforce is associated with an increase in work-related fatal injuries and to explore the underlying reasons for this potential increase.Material and methodsAged workers were defined as those who were at least 55 years old. Work-related fatalities were assessed in aged and young workers who were registered with the workers' compensation system in 2021 in the Republic of Korea. Total waged workers, based on raw data from the Local Area Labor Force Survey in 2021, were used as the denominator to estimate the work-related fatality rates. Results: Most work-related fatalities in the aged workers occurred among individuals working in the “construction sector” (58.9%), those with “elementary occupations (unskilled workers)” (46.1%), and those with the employment status of “daily worker” (60.8%). The estimated incidence (0.973/10,000) of work-related fatalities among aged workers was about four times higher than that (0.239/10,000) among younger workers. “Falling,” “collision,” “struck by an object,” and “trip and slip” were more frequent types of work-related fatalities among aged workers relative to young workers. The category of “buildings, structures, and surfaces” was a more frequent cause of work-related fatalities among aged workers than among young workers. Conclusions Aged workers had a higher incidence of work-related fatalities than young workers. Frequent engagement in precarious employment and jobs, coupled with the greater physical vulnerability of aged workers, were likely causes of their higher level of work-related fatal injuries.

Biohybrid artificial organs encompass all devices capable of substituting for an organ or tissue function and are fabricated from both synthetic materials and living cells. The viability of engineered tissue could be related to the viability of implanted cells. The system of viability assay for mammalian cell culture can be applied to the determination of cell viability for engineered tissue. This review explores various methods of cell viability assay which can be applied to the viability evaluation of engineered tissue. The major criteria employed in viability assays include survival and growth in tissue culture, functional assay, metabolite incorporation, structural altercation, and membrane integrity. Each viability assay method is based on different definitions of cell viability, and has inherent advantages and disadvantages. In order to be able to assess the viability of cells with one assay method, it is desirable to compare the viability measurements from various assays derived from different criteria.
Animal ; Biomedical Engineering*/methods ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Human

The primary tumor of the heart is rare and the myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor. Sudden death due to cardiac myxoma is mainly with atrial myxoma, tumor embolization, or obstruction of blood flow at the mitral or tricuspid valve. Thus it appears that histologically benign but potentially lethal. This report describes an unusual cause of sudden unexpected death and the autopsy findings for a 51-years-old woman with left atrial myxoma. She complained fatigue and weight loss during 1 year, without dyspnea or other systemic symptoms. On autopsy, the left atrium is slightly enlarged as ball-shaped. Opening it, a smooth surfaced pale, round and lobulated mass is found, attached on left atrial septum. On cut section, it is dark brown to dark red colored with gelatinous appearance, and shows focal interstitial fibrosis, calcification and hemorrhage. We present a case diagnosed at post-mortem of an left atrial myxoma without any informations of clinical symptoms. The cardiac myxoma must considered for cause of sudden death to cardiac problem.
Atrial Septum ; Autopsy ; Death, Sudden ; Dyspnea ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Gelatin ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Heart Neoplasms ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Myxoma ; Tricuspid Valve ; Weight Loss

A study on changes of serum HDL-cholesterol level in various diseased states was performed. Diseased groups were nephrotic syndrome, liver cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and chronic alcoholism. Following results were obtained. 1) Compared to normal control group, levels of HDL-cholesterol in nephrotic syndrome were lower but the difference was significant statistically. 2) In liver cirrhosis, the result showed much lower levels than normal control group with high significance. 3) In both hyper-and hypothyroidism group, the levels of HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower than normal control group. 4) In chronic alcoholism, the levels were significantly higher than normal control group. 5) Except for the group of chronic alcoholism, the levels of HDL- cholesterol were higher in female groups than male groups, but was of no significance statistically.
Alcoholism ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there were a significant difference between cephalometric measurements of mandibular position derived from a centric occlusion tracing compared to those of a converted centric relation tracing in the Class III malocclusion. The sample consisted of 25 Class III malocclusion and 25 normal occlusion persons who had no orthodontic treatment. The records included an lateral cephalometrics in centric occlusion, centric relation and centric occlusion bite registration and diagnostic casts mounted on the SAM II articulator in CR. The amount of CR-CO discrepancy of condyle was recorded using a MPI(Mandibular Position Indicator, MPI 200(R), Great Lakes Orthodontics, USA). The conversion of the CO cephalograrn to CR using the MPI readings was performed on the Conversion work sheet. Measures of mandibular position were chosen for the purpose of this study. The comparison of the difference between CO and CR cephalometric measurements in the normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion group were studied. The results were as follows: 1. In the features of CR-CO discrepancy of the condyle, the condyle was displaced posterior and inferior when the teeth were in centric occlusion. The horizontal component(deltaX) in Class III malocclusion group was greater than the vertical component(deltaZ) and also greater than the horizontal component(deltaX) in normal occlusion group. There was no statistically significant correlation between MPI measurements and the groups of normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion group. 2. In the comparison of the cephalometric measurements in each group, Normal occlusion group showed significant difference in measurements such as ANB, Facial angle, Facial convexity and ODI. Class III malocclusion group showed significant difference in measurements such as ANB, Facial angle, Facial convexity, ODI, SNB, APDI, L1-FP and it had more significance than the normal occlusion group. 3. The Value of cephalometric measurements was significantly different between CO and CR but there were no differences between the groups of normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion. The results of this study suggest that if the discrepancies are greater than the amount of normal displacement from clinically captured centric relation, centric relation should be considered as the starting point for proper diagnosis and treatment planning.
Centric Relation ; Dental Articulators ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Jaw Relation Record ; Lakes ; Malocclusion* ; Orthodontics ; Reading ; Tooth

Chorea is an uncommon movement disorder of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and/or antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS). It frequently develops early in the course of SLE and is not recurrent in most patients. In this report, we presented the clinical features of two cases of recurrent chorea secondary to APLS associated with SLE. A 24 year-old woman with SLE for 10 years was admitted because of choreic movement involved both extremities, facial and neck muscles. She had the same episode 1.5 years ago. Laboratory investigation showed increment in SLE activity, prolongation of aPTT without correction by mixing with normal plasma, and positive lupus anticoagulant. Brain MRI and SPECT revealed no evidence of ischemic change. The second case, a 36-year-old lady with SLE for 8 years, was admitted due to recurrent dysarthria. On physical examination, she had choreic movement involved neck and tongue. The activity of her disease increased and lupus anticoagulant was positive. Brain MRI showed infarct in insular cortex and multiple high signals in the frontal and occipital lobes. In both cases, haloperidol rapidly brought their symptom under control. We describe the first cases of secondary APLS-related recurrent movement disorder in Korea and review the literatures.
Adult ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome* ; Brain ; Chorea* ; Dysarthria ; Extremities ; Female ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type VI ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Korea ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Movement Disorders ; Neck ; Neck Muscles ; Occipital Lobe ; Physical Examination ; Plasma ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tongue ; Young Adult

Collagen-based membranous materials of various shapes (gel, film, sponge) are known to be the most promising materials in terms of facilitating the regeneration of dermal defects. In this study, dense and porous collagen membranes were fabricated using air-drying and freeze-drying processes, respectively, and the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the degree of membrane crosslinking was evaluated by in vitro biodegradation and mechanical testing. A non-irradiated membrane group was used as the negative control and a glutaraldehyde (GA) treated group as the positive control. Scanning electron microscopy showed that, as the freezing temperature decreased to -196 degrees C, the resultant mean pore sizes also decreased; optimal pore size was obtained at a freezing temperature of -70 degrees C. In vitro biodegradation and mechanical testing demonstrated that GA treatment or 4 hours of exposure to UV radiation significantly increased both resistance to collagenase and mechanical strength versus the untreated controls, regardless of the collagen membrane type (dense or porous). Our results suggest that UV treatment is a useful tool for the fabrication of collagen membranes designed to be used as dermal dressings.
Animal ; Cattle ; Collagen/ultrastructure ; Collagen/radiation effects* ; Collagen/metabolism ; Elasticity ; Membranes, Artificial* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Porosity ; Tensile Strength ; Ultraviolet Rays*