Recently, we found that the Korean traditional medicine could enhance the expression of some cytokine in murine bone marrow cell culture. To understand the mode of actions of the traditional medicine, we examined the pattern of protein phosphorylation in bone marrow cells treated with Korean traditional medicine. When bone marrow cells were treated with Korean traditional medicine, the phosphorylation of p45, p50, p84/p91 kinase was observed, and gene expression of TPO and SCF was related to p45 and p91. It had been reported that TPO, SCF, IL-3 and GM-CSF gene expression transmits signal through the JAK-STAT pathway. Molecular involvement of JAK-STAT in signal induced by Korean traditional medicine was analyzed by anti-JAK and anti-STAT-1 Ab. To analyze the transcriptional factor that promotes the cytokine gene expression by the stirnulation of Korean traditional medicine, GAS and NF-B binding activity was analyzed by EMSA. We found the increase in NF-B at SMT and BHT. Therefore, we conclude that the cytokine gene expression induced by Korean traditional medicine was mediated by the JAK-STAT pathway and by the combination of GAS and NF-kB.
Bone Marrow Cells ; Butylated Hydroxytoluene ; Gene Expression ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoiesis* ; Interleukin-3 ; Medicine, Korean Traditional* ; Medicine, Traditional ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Signal Transduction

The Korean traditional medicinal (KTM) herbs such as Angelicae gigantis, Rehmannia glutinosa, Paeoniae lactiflora, Cnidii officinale, Salviae miltiorrhizae, and Millettia reticulata, and prescribed formula Samultang, and Bohyultang improve the function of the hematopoietic system and nourishing the body to promote health. However, there are limited scientific background on the mode of action of these medicine. To understand the diverse actions following traditional medicine stimulation, we determined the production of hematopoietic cytokine, thrombopoietin, stem cell factor, and interleukin-3 (IL-3) in KlM treated bone marrow cells. When bone marrow cells were treated with KTM, the expression of hematopoietic cytokine were increased in RT-PCR and ELISA analysis. Furthermore, when the bone marrow cells were separated into adherent celis and suspension cells and were treated with KTM, we found the increase of TPO gene expressions in suspension cells. Meanwhile, other hematopoietic cytokine gene expression in bone marrow cells was higher as whole than when adherent cells and suspension cells was separated. Therefore, we could know the interaction of two cells that increases the cytokine expression. These results suggest that KTM has hematopoietic effects through increasing the production of cytokine.
Angelica ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Hematopoiesis* ; Hematopoietic System ; Interleukin-3 ; Medicine, Korean Traditional* ; Medicine, Traditional ; Millettia ; Paeonia ; Rehmannia ; Salvia ; Stem Cell Factor ; Thrombopoietin

31 cases of the trochanteric fractures were treated at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital, from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1978 and the following results were obtained. 1. The sex ratio was 3:2 (male to female). 18 cases were in man, with the peak age at the 4th decade and 5th decade and 13 cases were in woman over the 6th decade. 2. The most common causes of the trochanteric fractures were traffic accident or fall in man and slipping in woman. 3. The features of the trochanteric fractures were mostly unstable type (60%) and 16 cases in the right hip (52%) and 15 cases in the left hip (48%). 4. Dimon-Hughston method and Wayne-Country method were used to the unstable fractures and anatomical reduction to the stable fracture was maintained by inserting the S-P nail, Jewett nail and Mclaughlin nail. 5. Post-operative cast immobilization was applled until clinical union was oftained on the fracture site and early weight bearlng was carried out for the acceleration of the bony union. 6. Complications were found in 50% of the group treated by conservative method, while it occurred in 21.7% of the group treated surgically.
Acceleration ; Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Femur ; Hip ; Hip Fractures ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Sex Ratio

No abstract available.
Audiometry, Evoked Response* ; Brain Stem* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterial culture is a confirmatory test to detect M.tuberculosis, but it takes at least 6 weeks to diagnose. PCR is a rapid and sensitive method, but it is known that PCR has a high false positive rate due to contamination, and a high false negative rate due to inhibitors. It is also known that LCR and PCR-Hybridization, recently developed methods, are more specific methods than PCR in terms of detection M.tuberculosis. In this study, we estimated the clinical utility of in house PCR, LCR and PCR-Hybridization for the detection of M.tuberculosis. METHODS: We evaluated 75 specimens, upon which M.tuberculosis culture based testing was requested, by PCR LCR, and PCR-Hybridization and compared results. Mycobacterial culture was performed on 3% Ogawa media for 8 weeks, and an in house PCR, LCx Mycobacterium tuberculosis assay kit(Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, III) and the AMPLICOR M.tuberculosis test kit(Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. Branchburg, NJ, USA). RESULTS: In the view of the culture results, the sensitivities of the three tests were 40%, 80%, and 100% and their specificities were 98.6%, 94.3%, and 94.3%. CONCLUSION: LCR and PCR-Hybridization and rapid and sensitive methods for detecting M.tuberculosis in clinical laboratories.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Reference Values* ; Vestibular Function Tests*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Urinary Retention*

A case of congenital mutilocular intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst which was undifferentiated radiographicallyfrom congenital lobar emphysema, large pneumatocele, or tension pneumothoarax is reported. The cyst occupied about4/5 of left lung fields and displaced the mediastinal structures to right moderately and compressed the remainingleft lungs severely.
Bronchogenic Cyst ; Emphysema ; Lung

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of research on flipped learning effects applied to university students. Methods: The random effect model was applied to 21 papers to calculate the effect size. To verify the moderation effect, a meta regression analysis and meta ANOVA were performed. Publication bias was verified through a funnel plot, and then an Egger's regression test was conducted. Results: The overall average effect size was .69 (95% CI: .51-.87), showing a median effect size, which was statistically significant. The outcome variables were in the order of learning motivation (Hedges’ g=.83), self-directed learning (Hedges’ g=.78), learning achievement (Hedges’ g=.66), and efficacy (Hedges’ g=.50), which were statistically significant. Conclusion Flipped learning was found to be statistically significant in improving self-directed learning, learning motivation, efficacy, and learning achievement amng university students. It is suggestd that this method be actively applied in university education.

No abstract available.
Myocutaneous Flap* ; Pressure Ulcer*