OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate incidence, parirty, gestational age, cause, termination method, and maternal complication of fetal death in utero(IUFD) clinically. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of the birth register and hospital records of 384 cases of the fetal death in utero among 23,703 deliveries at Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University during 5 years from January 1993 to December, 1997. RESULTS: The incidence of the fetal death in utero was 1.62%. The parity of mother in the fetal death in utero was the most highest in the nulliparous group(26.0%). The most common gestational week when the fetal death in utero was detected was 25-28 weeks gestational period(29.4%). The sex ratio of male vs female fetus was 1.32:1, and the cases of the fetal death in utero weighting less than 2500 gm were 332 cases(86.3%). The mode of the delivery for the fetal death in utero showed that the induction of labor was most common 71.6%, the spontaneous delivery 27.8%, and the laparotomy was 0.2%. The causes of the fetal death in utero showed unexplained causes(34.l%), congenital anomaly(I6.9%), maternal disease(14.3%), pregnancy-induced hypertension(9.6%), abruptio placenta(8.8%), cord complication(5%), and placenta previa(4%). There were 38 cases(9.8%) of maternal complication. CONCLUSION: The cause in about one third of the IUFD could not be determined by this clinical studies, so further studies with autopsy and chromosomal study must be made on stillborn infants, placenta, cord and fetal membranes in cases where the causes is unknown for the purpose of good outcome in next pregnancy.
Autopsy ; Extraembryonic Membranes ; Female ; Fetal Death* ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Mothers ; Parity ; Parturition ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio

The objective is to evaluate the rate and indications of cesarean delivery. All live birth>27weeks at the Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University from 1993 to 1997(n=24,227) were respectively analyzed of delivery route, indication of cesarean birth, gestational age, and matemal age. The most common maternal age was between 26-30 years(49.6%). The most common gestational age was over 36 weeks(91.2%). Total cesarean rate was 22.3%(5,396/24,227), and primary rate was 13.6%(3,296/24,227). The annual primary cesarean birth rate and number increased gradually. Abnormal presentation was the most common indication(24.3%, 801/3,296) at primary cesarean deliveries. The second common indication was CPD(18.87%, 622/3,296). We experienced four cases of cesarean hysterectomy due to uterine atony and placenta previa. Further evaluation will be needed about the relationship between cesarean deliveries and long term fetal outcome, and the effort for VBAC will be needed.
Birth Rate ; Gestational Age ; Hysterectomy ; Maternal Age ; Parturition ; Placenta Previa ; Uterine Inertia

No abstract available.

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Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi Sampling* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Adolescent ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Puberty* ; Puberty, Precocious*

No abstract available.

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Financial Management* ; Malpractice*

No abstract available.
Pediatric Obesity*

Sleep is an essential process maintaining the life cycle of the human. In parallel with physiological, cognitive, subjective, and behavioral changes that take place during the sleep, there are remarkable changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) that reflect the underlying electro-physiological activity of the brain. However, analyzing EEG and relating the results to clinical observations is often very hard due to the complexity and a huge data amount. In this article, I introduce several linear and non-linear tools, developed to analyze a huge time series data in many scientific researches, and apply them to EEG to characterize various sleep states. In particular, the spectral analysis, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and synchrony analysis are administered to EEG recorded during nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) processes and daytime multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). I report that 1) sleep stages could be differentiated by the spectral analysis and the DFA; 2) the gradual transition from Wake to Sleep during the sleep onset could be illustrated by the spectral analysis and the DFA; 3) electrophysiological properties of narcolepsy could be characterized by the DFA; 4) hypnic jerks (sleep starts) could be quantified by the synchrony analysis.
Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Narcolepsy ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Stages