No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus*

Real-time ultrasongraphy is a simple, accurate, noninvasive and potentially valuable means of studying gallbladder size and emptying. The authors calculated ultrasonographically the ejection fraction of 80 cases of normally functioning gallbladder on oral cholecystography, from June 1983 to April 1984, at the department of radiology, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Ultrasongraphic Ejection Fraction at 30 minutes after the fatty meal was 73.1+-16.85. 2. There was no significant difference in age and sex, statistically.
Cholecystography ; Gallbladder ; Heart ; Meals

Although the peritoneum is rare site for a primary neoplasm, certain malignant neoplasms may arise from it. A case of 63-year-old woman who had a serous papillary carcinoma of peritoneal origin is reported. Extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma was characterized by ascites, malignant washings, and omental involvement with bulky infiltration and/or multiple tumor nodules. The symptoms caused by diffuse spreading of the neoplasm over the peritoneum are the most important manifestation for clinical diagnosis of malignant primary neoplasm of peritoneum, especially serous papillary carcinoma. This behaving tumor was at least partially responded to therapy. In this report, we describe a case of serous papillary carcinoma of peritoneum carring on proper management with brief review.
Ascites ; Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneum*

This review article aims to reveal the meaning and importance of economic evaluation in Korean mental health sector. The global burden of neuropsychiatric disorders, as measured by loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is estimated very high, irrespective of low mortality. There are several methods for such economic evaluation, including cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-utility analysis (CUA), and cost-benefit analysis (CBA), but there is still a paucity of such studies in the mental health sector. Economic evaluations of mental health in Korea can provide a rational basis to plan a national health policy regarding the global burden of diseases caused by psychiatric disorders.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Health Policy ; Korea ; Mental Health

PURPOSE: Aberrant expression of the c-myb gene is often detected in transformed leukemic cells. Inhibition of c-myb expression by antisense oligos could be an effective way to abort rapid growth of leukemic cells. Developing stable antisense oligos combined with enhanced delivery into cells would be of great use in developing an effective anti-cancer molecular agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Selection of target sites was carried out by employing computer simulation of mRNA secondary structures. Multiple antisense oligo sequences were adjoined and AS-oligos were then covalently closed to evade exonuclease activities. C-myb antisense oligos with a novel structure were complexed with cationic liposomes and used to treat HL-60 leukemic cells. RESULTS: We developed covalently closed antisense oligos which harbor four adjoined antisense sequences. The c-myb antisense oligos were found to be exceptionally stable and effective in specifically ablating c-myb mRNA. The antisense oligos were able to inhibit growth of leukemic cell line (HL-60) by about 80%. Antisense effect was more pronounced when the cells were treated twice with the antisense oligos at lower concentrations. CONCLUSION: The novel covalently closed antisense oligo (CMAS-oligos) was found to be effective and exceptionally stable, Growth of HL-60 was significantly inhibited, showing a rational way to develop an effective molecular anti-cancer agent.
Cell Line ; Computer Simulation ; Genes, myb ; Liposomes ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense* ; RNA, Messenger

In recent years, early intervention is the paradigm in psychosis treatment. The logic of early intervention paradigm is based on the view that the earliest possible detection and intervention for psychosis will deliver the best outcome for patients. Therefore, in recent decades, most of studies focused on indentifying people with psychosis as early as possible, reducing the duration of untreated psychosis. However, while there are well documented and sometimes serious side effects associated with antipsychotic medication in the short-term, the iatrogenic risks of atypical antipsychotic medication are underscored. Furthermore, against this paradigm, the recent of longitudinal studies of schizophrenia suggest a new paradigm shift in treatment timing of psychosis. In this respect, this case which showed symptom remission after conversion into schizophrenia in early psychosis suggests wondering about the time of treatment. Similar cases have not been reported. And review of the effects of timing, in fact, has yet to be done. If similar cases would be reported in the future more, treatment timing may be the next paradigm shift in the therapeutics of early psychosis.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Logic ; Longitudinal Studies ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Schizophrenia*

The stigma of mental illness is a problem that should be addressed urgently as such stigma has a negative effect on the lives of individuals with mental disorders, which may result in social and economic losses. Moreover, mental health stigma acts as a barrier to mental health service utilization. Thus, the need to reduce the mental health stigma has been highlighted. In Korea, stigma associated with individuals with mental disorders has been studied; however, few of those studies investigated mental health literacy, which might influence an individual's attitudes toward and beliefs about people with mental disorders. Furthermore, there are fewer evidence-based anti-stigma campaigns and programs in Korea than in other countries. On that basis, a review of previous studies focusing on mental disorder stigma was undertaken, and the effects of such stigma on individuals with mental disorders and on society were assessed. In addition, research into mental health literacy, rarely undertaken in South Korea, was discussed. Finally, anti-stigma campaigns that are reportedly effective in reducing mental illness stigma were reviewed. With regard to future research on mental health stigma in South Korea, it is suggested that researchers study mental health literacy to assess accurately the public's misperceptions about mental disorders. In addition, a variety of evidence-based anti-stigma campaigns should be implemented to increase public knowledge of mental disorders. Lastly, cooperation between public and private sectors should be encouraged to develop strategies for reducing the stigma and negative beliefs associated with mental disorders.
Korea* ; Literacy ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Services ; Private Sector

No abstract available.
Epinephrine* ; Skin* ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVE: A considerable proportion of suicide attempts are the result of sudden desires. Understanding such impulsive suicide attempts is necessary for effective interventions. We evaluated the impulsivity of suicide attempters treated in emergency rooms. The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of impulsive suicide attempts by comparing these individuals to those who attempted to commit suicide in a non-impulsive manner. METHODS: This study analyzed suicide attempters who visited the emergency departments of seven selected university hospitals. A total of 269 medical records in which impulsivity of suicide attempt were confirmed were subject to be analyzed. The impulsivity of the suicide attempt was examined using a summative score of items 6 and 15 on the Suicide Intent Scale. RESULTS: A total of 48.0% of the participants were impelled by sudden inclinations to attempt suicide. Impulsive attempters were younger, unmarried and less physical illness than non-impulsive attempters, whereas no significant differences were found on psychiatric history and previous suicide history. Impulsive suicide attempters had suicide ideations that were not as severe (χ2=55.33, p<0.001) or intense (t=-8.38, p<0.001) as their counterparts'. Furthermore, medical results of impulsive suicide attempts were better than non-impulsive suicide attempts (t=-3.77, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results suggested that a considerable proportion of suicide attempts were the result of sudden inclinations. Impulsive attempts were made in relatively earlier stages of suicide ideation; consequently, they have less intent than non-impulsive attempts.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Korea* ; Medical Records ; Single Person ; Suicide*

OBJECTIVES : Though both International Classfication of Disease (ICD) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) are currently in use for psychiatric diagnosis in practice, education, research and reimbursement of medical fees in Asian countries, there seem to be few studies about similarities and differences among them in terms of viewpoints on psychiatric classification. METHODS : A questionnaire which has been developed to investigate the views of psychiatrists on their requirements of a classification system, and their opinions on those currently in use was translated into each language and adopted as survey tool in four East Asian countries. The total number of responses obtained was 703 (Korea, n=154;Japan, n=124;China, n=192, and Taiwan, n=233) although the method of data collection varied across all 4 countries. Since the response rate varied in these countries depending upon the convenience of sampling procedures, we compared percentages of responses to each of the questions instead of conducting a statistical analysis across them. RESULTS : The comparison of surveyed data revealed diversity in the utilization, preferences and opinions for further revision of the DSM and the ICD classification systems in East Asia. Psychiatrists in China and Japan routinely used the ICD, while those in Korea and Taiwan favored the DSM. The majority of Asian psychiatrists expressed the view that reliable inter-clinician communication is considered the main purpose of a classification system. Psychiatrists seemed to prefer classifications with 30-100 diagnostic options. CONCLUSION : Though there was limitation in terms of representation due to sampling methods, East Asian psychiatrists showed different pattern on the use of DSM and ICD across countries and had negative viewpoints on current diagnostic classification systems in terms of transcultural use.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Data Collection ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Far East ; Fees, Medical ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Japan ; Korea ; Mental Disorders ; Psychiatry ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Taiwan